Halo博客的谷歌收录自动提交

Halo博客的谷歌收录自动提交

前言

  • Halo博客的百度定时页面提交一文中已经实现了向百度的主动页面提交,而对于Google平台,实际上并不需要设计类似的功能,一方面Google的基于sitemap的抓取效果已经很好,另一方面,虽然Google也提供了indexing API以提供主动提交的服务,但是需要挂代理才能访问
  • 但是为了功能的完整性以及可以使用树莓派直接挂代理访问,于是决定基于Google indexing API实现谷歌收录的自动提交

准备工作

  • 实际上,谷歌SEO提供了丰富的文档供站点管理者学习,但是本文仅摘取其中对于indexing API支持的部分,进行简要的介绍
  • 全程设置工作需要正常访问谷歌

获取访问令牌

  • indexing API使用了OAuth2.0的验证方式,请求该API时需要提供访问令牌,因此第一步,首先在Google Cloud Platform中执行相关设置
  • 进入服务账号页面创建项目

    image-20220404164603288

  • 点击创建服务账号

    Halo博客的谷歌收录自动提交_第1张图片

  • 直接点击完成即可,两个可选部分不用管

    Halo博客的谷歌收录自动提交_第2张图片

  • 创建私钥,注意选择JSON类型的私钥

    Halo博客的谷歌收录自动提交_第3张图片

    Halo博客的谷歌收录自动提交_第4张图片

    • 执行创建后,私钥文件会下载到本地

Search Console添加网站

  • 在Search Console添加网站实际上是验证网站所有权,有多种方法,可参考验证网站所有权
  • 博主自己使用的是域名提供商的方式,比较简单,如下图所示就是验证成功

    Halo博客的谷歌收录自动提交_第5张图片

赋予服务账号所有者状态

  • 实际上是向第一步创建的服务账号授予第二步添加的网站的所有权
  • 访问网站站长中心,计入到网站条目中,点击添加所有者

    Halo博客的谷歌收录自动提交_第6张图片

  • 要求输入服务账号电子邮件地址,此地址可以从第一步中下载到的私钥中的client_name字段中找到

项目构建

  • 建立Gradle工程,配置文件如下所示

    plugins {
        id 'java'
        id 'application'
    }
    
    group 'xyz.demoli'
    version '1.0-SNAPSHOT'
    
    sourceCompatibility = 1.11
    mainClassName="xyz.demoli.Main"
    
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
    
    application{
        applicationDefaultJvmArgs = ['-Duser.timezone=GMT+8']
    }
    
    dependencies {
        testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.8.1'
        testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.8.1'
        compile 'com.google.api-client:google-api-client:1.33.0'
        implementation 'com.google.auth:google-auth-library-oauth2-http:1.3.0'
        compile 'com.google.apis:google-api-services-indexing:v3-rev20200804-1.32.1'
        // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.squareup.okhttp3/okhttp
        implementation group: 'com.squareup.okhttp3', name: 'okhttp', version: '4.9.3'
        implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.9.0'
        // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.logging.log4j/log4j-api
        implementation group: 'org.apache.logging.log4j', name: 'log4j-api', version: '2.14.1'
        // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.logging.log4j/log4j-core
        implementation group: 'org.apache.logging.log4j', name: 'log4j-core', version: '2.14.1'
        // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok
        compileOnly group: 'org.projectlombok', name: 'lombok', version: '1.18.22'
        annotationProcessor group: 'org.projectlombok', name: 'lombok', version: '1.18.22'
    }
    
    test {
        useJUnitPlatform()
    }
    • annotationProcessor group: 'org.projectlombok', name: 'lombok', version: '1.18.22'保证gradle项目中lombok的注解可以被正确解析
    • applicationDefaultJvmArgs参数的设置是为了解决后续服务部署在容器中时日志打印时间不是东八区时区的问题
  • 配置文件config.properties如下:

    prefix=https://blog.demoli.xyz
    postAPI=%s/api/content/posts?api_access_key=%s&page=%d
    apiAccessKey=***
    proxyURL=192.168.0.137
    proxyPort=7890
    • apiAccessKey是在Halo博客设置中设定的

      image-20220327184136467

    • prefix是Halo博客的首页访问URL
    • proxy的两个配置即是代理配置
  • 日志配置文件如下(粗糙的配置):

    
    
    
        
            
                
            
        
    
        
            
                
            
        
    
  • 将准备工作中得到的私钥放在项目的resources目录下,更名为cred.json
  • 整个工程只有两个核心类

    • PostScrap

      import com.google.gson.Gson;
      import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
      import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
      import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
      import java.io.IOException;
      import java.io.InputStream;
      import java.util.ArrayList;
      import java.util.HashSet;
      import java.util.List;
      import java.util.Properties;
      import java.util.Set;
      import java.util.stream.Collectors;
      import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
      import okhttp3.Request;
      import okhttp3.Response;
      
      /**
       * 使用Halo API获取文章链接
       */
      public class PostScrap {
      
          static private String postAPI;
          static private String apiAccessKey;
          static private String prefix;
          // 缓存
          static private final Set links = new HashSet<>();
      
          // 注意properties配置文件中字符串不用加引号
          static {
              try (InputStream stream = PostScrap.class.getResourceAsStream("/config.properties")) {
                  Properties properties = new Properties();
                  properties.load(stream);
                  apiAccessKey = properties.getProperty("apiAccessKey");
                  prefix = properties.getProperty("prefix");
                  postAPI = properties.getProperty("postAPI");
              } catch (IOException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
          }
      
          /**
           * 发起请求获取全部文章链接
           * @return
           */
          public static List getPosts() {
      
              List res = new ArrayList<>();
      
              OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
              Request initialRequest = new Request.Builder().get().url(String.format(postAPI,prefix,apiAccessKey,0)).build();
      
              try (Response response = client.newCall(initialRequest).execute()) {
                  res = handlePage(response, client);
              } catch (IOException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
              return res;
          }
      
          /**
           * 处理分页
           * @param initialResponse
           * @param client
           * @return
           * @throws IOException
           */
          private static List handlePage(Response initialResponse, OkHttpClient client) throws IOException {
      
              JsonObject jsonObject = new Gson().fromJson(initialResponse.body().string(), JsonObject.class);
              JsonArray array = jsonObject.get("data").getAsJsonObject().get("content").getAsJsonArray();
              int pages = jsonObject.get("data").getAsJsonObject().get("pages").getAsInt();
      
              // jsonArray转为List
              List posts = new ArrayList<>();
              for (JsonElement element: array) {
                  posts.add(element.getAsJsonObject().get("fullPath").getAsString());
              }
      
              // 分页查询
              for(int i = 1; i < pages; i++) {
                  Request request = new Request.Builder().get().url(String.format(postAPI,prefix,apiAccessKey,i)).build();
                  try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
                      jsonObject = new Gson().fromJson(response.body().string(), JsonObject.class);
                      array = jsonObject.get("data").getAsJsonObject().get("content").getAsJsonArray();
                      for (JsonElement element: array) {
                          posts.add(element.getAsJsonObject().get("fullPath").getAsString());
                      }
                  } catch (IOException e) {
                      e.printStackTrace();
                  }
              }
      
              // 缓存过滤
              return posts.stream().map(content -> prefix + content).filter(links::add).collect(
                  Collectors.toList());
          }
      }
    • GoogleSubmitter

      import com.google.api.client.googleapis.GoogleUtils;
      import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestInitializer;
      import com.google.api.client.http.HttpResponse;
      import com.google.api.client.http.HttpTransport;
      import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
      import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
      import com.google.api.client.json.gson.GsonFactory;
      import com.google.api.services.indexing.v3.Indexing;
      import com.google.api.services.indexing.v3.model.UrlNotification;
      import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
      import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
      import java.io.IOException;
      import java.io.InputStream;
      import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
      import java.net.Proxy;
      import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
      import java.util.List;
      import java.util.Properties;
      import lombok.extern.log4j.Log4j2;
      
      /**
       * 提交谷歌收录
       */
      @Log4j2
      public class GoogleSubmitter {
      
      
          private static GoogleCredentials googleCredentials;
          private static String proxyURL;
          private static Integer proxyPort;
      
          static {
              // 加载秘钥
              try (InputStream stream = PostScrap.class.getResourceAsStream("/cred.json")) {
                  googleCredentials = GoogleCredentials.fromStream(stream);
              } catch (IOException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
              // 加载配置文件
              try (InputStream config = PostScrap.class.getResourceAsStream("/config.properties")) {
                  Properties properties = new Properties();
                  properties.load(config);
                  proxyURL = properties.getProperty("proxyURL");
                  proxyPort = Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("proxyPort"));
              } catch (IOException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
          }
      
          /**
           * 设置本地代理
           *
           * @return
           * @throws GeneralSecurityException
           * @throws IOException
           */
          static HttpTransport newProxyTransport() throws GeneralSecurityException, IOException {
              NetHttpTransport.Builder builder = new NetHttpTransport.Builder();
              builder.trustCertificates(GoogleUtils.getCertificateTrustStore());
              builder.setProxy(new Proxy(Proxy.Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyURL, proxyPort)));
              return builder.build();
          }
      
      
          /**
           * 提交链接
           */
          public static void submit() {
      
              // 获取待提交链接
              List urls = PostScrap.getPosts();
              if (urls.size() == 0) {
                  log.info("无新增文章");
                  return;
              }
      
              try {
                  // 构建indexing服务
                  // HttpTransport httpTransport = GoogleNetHttpTransport.newTrustedTransport();
                  HttpTransport httpTransport = newProxyTransport();
                  JsonFactory jsonFactory = GsonFactory.getDefaultInstance();
                  HttpRequestInitializer requestInitializer =
                      new HttpCredentialsAdapter(googleCredentials);
                  Indexing indexing = new Indexing(httpTransport, jsonFactory, requestInitializer);
                  Indexing.UrlNotifications notifications = indexing.urlNotifications();
      
                  int count = 0;
                  for (String url : urls) {
                      UrlNotification notification = new UrlNotification();
                      notification.setUrl(url);
                      // URL_REMOVED 或者 URL_UPDATED
                      notification.setType("URL_UPDATED");
                      Indexing.UrlNotifications.Publish publish = notifications.publish(notification);
                      HttpResponse response = publish.executeUnparsed();
                      if (response.getStatusCode() != 200) {
                          log.error("提交失败: {}", url);
                      } else {
                          log.info("提交成功: {}", url);
                          count++;
                      }
                  }
                  log.info("提交成功 {} 条链接", count);
              } catch (GeneralSecurityException | IOException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
          }
      }
  • Main

    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    
    public class Main {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1)
                .scheduleWithFixedDelay(GoogleSubmitter::submit, 0, 12, TimeUnit.HOURS);
        }
    }

工程部署

  • 项目根目录执行gradle build -x test
  • build/distributions/GoogleSubmit-1.0-SNAPSHOT.tar拷贝到安装有Java环境的服务器

    tar xf GoogleSubmit-1.0-SNAPSHOT.tar
    cd GoogleSubmit-1.0-SNAPSHOT
    nohup bin/GoogleSubmit > nohup.out &
  • tail -f nohup.out查看日志

补充

  • 博主是一个Docker容器的究极爱好者,因为使用容器可以保证宿主机环境的”纯净“,所以这里补充使用Docker容器部署服务的方式
  • 首先将项目构建得到的软件包build/distributions/GoogleSubmit-1.0-SNAPSHOT.tar拷贝到服务器,解压并重新命名,创建Dockerfile

    tar xf GoogleSubmit-1.0-SNAPSHOT.tar
    mkdir -p blogSubmitter/googleSubmitter
    mv GoogleSubmit-1.0-SNAPSHOT blogSubmitter/googleSubmitter/google
    cd blogSubmitter/googleSubmitter
    touch Dockerfile
  • Dockerfile文件如下:

    FROM openjdk:11
    COPY . /submitter
    WORKDIR /submitter
    # 更改时区
    RUN rm -rf /etc/localtime
    RUN ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
    CMD ["nohup","google/bin/GoogleSubmitter"," &"]
  • 创建yaml配置文件,使用Docker Compose构建服务

    cd blogSubmitter
    touch submitter.yaml
    version: '3.1'
    services:
      blog-google-submitter:
        build: ./googleSubmitter
        container_name: blogGoogleSubmitter
        restart: unless-stopped
  • 执行docker-compose -f submitter.yaml up -d创建服务

注意事项

  • 如果更改了源码,需要重新构建镜像,此时要把之前的镜像删除(应该有更好的解决办法,有待改善,比如使用volume的方式执行挂载)

参考

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