三子棋之VS人工智能/人工智障,你能赢吗?

文章目录

  • 一.前言
  • 二.游戏逻辑✈
  • 三.代码实现
    • 1.test.c
    • 2.game.h
    • 3.game.c
  • 四.游戏功能具体分析
    • 1.棋盘的初始化
    • 2.棋盘的打印
    • 3.玩家下棋
    • 4.电脑下棋
      • 4.1简单模式
      • 4.2困难模式
    • 5.判断棋盘满没满
    • 6.判断游戏输赢
  • 五.总结

一.前言

大家好,首先祝大家五一快乐,当然有很多大学生像作者一样五一并没有放假,说多了都是泪啊,不过没事,我们还有周末!废话不多说了,今天我们一起来研究一下三子棋,虽然在c站三子棋已经烂大街了,但是每个人都有自己与众不同的地方,值得我们学习。所以我们可以博采众长,吸收别人优秀的地方,提高自己的水平。

二.游戏逻辑✈

我们在写一个项目的时候,如果这个项目非常复杂,不建议大家上来就干代码的,因为你有很大的可能会出错。我们应该仔细思考游戏的逻辑,如何实现这个项目。

1.我们需要一个菜单控制游戏,让玩家做出选择

2.游戏最好可以让玩家一直玩,除非玩家退出游戏

3.三子棋需要一个棋盘,我们打印一个棋盘(通过二维数组)

4.玩家下棋,输入坐标(也可以电脑先下棋)

5.打印棋盘,观察坐标,(是否有错误)

6.电脑下棋,打印棋盘,这部分我们可以优化一下,让我们很难赢电脑

7.判断输赢,打印棋盘,观察坐标

三.代码实现

当我们写的代码比较多的时候,建议大家使用模块化的设计,我们这里分成三个部分:

test.c

主函数部分,对游戏的逻辑进行测试运行

game.h

库函数头文件的包含

行列的自定义设置

函数的定义

game.c

游戏逻辑的具体实现

1.test.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1

#include"game.h"
void menu()
{
	printf("**************************************\n");
	printf("******** 1. play(智能模式) *********\n");
	printf("******** 2. play(智障模式) *********\n");
	printf("******** 0. exit(退出游戏) *********\n");
	printf("**************************************\n");

}
void game1()
{	//存储数据 - 二维数组
	char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
	//初始化棋盘 - 初始化空格
	initBoard(board, ROW, COL);
	//打印棋盘 - 本质是打印数组的内容
	displayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
	//下棋
	char ret = 0;
	while(1)
	{
		playerMove(board, ROW, COL);
		displayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
		//判断玩家是否赢得游戏
		ret = isWin(board, ROW, COL);
		if(ret != 'c')
		{
			break;
		}		
		computerMove(board, ROW, COL);
		displayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
		//判断电脑是否赢得游戏
		ret = isWin(board, ROW, COL);
		if (ret != 'c')
		{
			break;
		}
	}
	switch (ret)
	{
	case 'O':
		printf("你赢了,也就一般般吧\n");
		break;
	case 'X':
		printf("你竟然输给了人工智障,哈哈\n");
		break;
	case 'p':
		printf("平局,好好反思一下你自己\n");
		break;
		displayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
	}//效果差不多
	/*if (ret == 'o')
	{
		printf("玩家赢了\n");
	}
	else if (ret == 'x')
	{
		printf("电脑赢了\n");
	}
	else
	{
		printf("平局\n");
	}*/
}
void game2()
{	//存储数据 - 二维数组
	char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
	//初始化棋盘 - 初始化空格
	initBoard(board, ROW, COL);
	//打印棋盘 - 本质是打印数组的内容
	displayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
	//下棋
	char ret = 0;
	while (1)
	{		
		SmartComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
		displayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
		ret = isWin(board, ROW, COL);
		//判断电脑是否赢得游戏
		if (ret != 'c')
		{
			break;
		}
		playerMove(board, ROW, COL);
		displayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
		//判断玩家是否赢得游戏
		ret = isWin(board, ROW, COL);
		if (ret != 'c')
		{
			break;
		}
	}
	switch (ret)
	{
	case 'O':
		printf("您赢了,就算是阿尔法狗也不是您的对手\n");
		break;
	case 'X':
		printf("你输了,没事,等于你已经和大神过过手了\n");
		break;
	case 'p':
		printf("平局,小伙子,你非常有前途\n");
		break;
		displayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
	}
}

int main()
{
	int input = 0;
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	do
	{
		menu();
		printf("请选择模式:>");
		printf("\n人工智障:1 | 人工智能:2 | 退出游戏:0\n");
		scanf("%d", &input);
		switch (input)
		{
			case 1:
				game1();
				break;
			case 2:
				game2();
				break;
			case 0:
				printf("退出游戏\n");
				break;
			default:
				printf("输入错误,请重新输入\n");
				break;
		}
	} while (input);
	return 0;
}

2.game.h

//防止头文件被重复包含
#pragma once
//头文件的包含
#include
#include
#include
//定义行和列(可以随意改变)
#define ROW 3
#define COL 3
//初始化棋盘
void initBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//打印棋盘的函数
void displayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//玩家下棋
void playerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//电脑下棋
//普通模式
void computerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//困难模式
void SmartComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//判断棋盘满没满
int isFull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//1.玩家赢 - O
//2.电脑赢 - X
//3.平局 - p
//4.游戏继续 - c
//判断输赢
char isWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);

3.game.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1

#include"game.h"

void initBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			board[i][j] = ' ';
		}
	}
}
void displayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int i = 0;
	int j = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
			if (j < col - 1)
				printf("|");
		}
		printf("\n");
		if (i < row - 1)
		{
			for(int j = 0; j < col; j++)
			{
				printf("---");
				if (j < col - 1)
				{
					printf("|");
				}
			}	
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
}
void playerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int x = 0;
	int y = 0;
	printf("玩家走:>\n");
	while(1)
	{ 
		printf("请输入下棋坐标:>");
		scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
		if (x > 0 && x <= row && y > 0 && y <= col)
		{
			//判断坐标是否被占用
			if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
			{
				board[x - 1][y - 1] = 'O';
				break;
			}
			else
			{
				printf("坐标已被占用,请重新输入\n");
				break;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			printf("坐标错误,请重新输入\n");
		}
	}	
}

void computerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int x = 0;
	int y = 0;
	printf("电脑走:>\n");
	while (1)
	{
		x = rand() % row;
		y = rand() % col;
		//不用判断合法性
		if(board[x][y] == ' ')
		{
			board[x][y] = 'X';
			break;
		}
	}	
}
int isFull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		int j = 0;
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			if(board[i][j] == ' ')
			{
				return 0;//棋盘没满
			}		
		}
	}
	return 1;//棋盘满了
}
char isWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	//判断三行
	for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] != ' ')
		{
			return board[i][1];
		}
	}
	//判断三列
	for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
	{
		if (board[0][j] == board[1][j] && board[1][j] == board[2][j] && board[1][j] != ' ')
		{
			return board[0][j];
		}
	}
	//判断对角线
	if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] != ' ')
	{
		return board[0][0];
	}
	if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] != ' ')
	{
		return board[0][2];
	}
	//判断平局
	int ret = isFull(board, row, col);
	if (ret == 1)
	{
		return 'p';
	}
	return 'c';
}

void SmartComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int i = 0;
	int j = 0;
	//判断每一行是否有两个相连的棋子,如果有,且第三个棋格为空,则落棋
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][0] == 'X' && board[i][2] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][2] = 'X';
		}
		if (board[i][0] == board[i][2] && board[i][0] == 'X' && board[i][1] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][1] = 'X';
		}
		if (board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] == 'X' && board[i][0] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][0] = 'X';
		}
	}
	
	//判断每一列是否有两个相连的棋子,如果有,且第三个棋格为空,则落棋
	for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
	{
		if (board[0][j] == board[1][j] && board[0][j] == 'X' && board[2][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[2][j] = 'X';
		}
		if (board[0][j] == board[2][j] && board[0][j] == 'X' && board[1][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[1][j] = 'X';
		}
		if (board[1][j] == board[2][j] && board[1][j] == 'X' && board[0][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[0][j] = 'X';
		}
	}

	//判断两条对角线是否有两个相连的棋子,如果有,且第三个棋格为空,则落棋
	{
		//第一条
		if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[0][0] == 'X' && board[2][2] == ' ')
		{
			board[2][2] = 'X';
		}
		if (board[0][0] == board[2][2] && board[0][0] == 'X' && board[1][1] == ' ')
		{
			board[1][1] = 'X';
		}
		if (board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == 'X' && board[0][0] == ' ')
		{
			board[0][0] = 'X';
		}

		//第二条
		if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[0][2] == 'X' && board[2][0] == ' ')
		{
			board[2][0] = 'X';
		}
		if (board[0][2] == board[2][0] && board[0][2] == 'X' && board[1][1] == ' ')
		{
			board[1][1] = 'X';
			
		}
		if (board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] == 'X' && board[0][2] == ' ')
		{
			board[0][2] = 'X';		
		}
		//如果上面都没落子,说明不符合赢的条件
		int i = 0;
		int j = 0;

		//判断每一行是否有两个相连的棋子,如果有,且第三个棋格为空,则堵棋
		for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
		{
			if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][0] == 'O' && board[i][2] == ' ')
			{
				board[i][2] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
			if (board[i][0] == board[i][2] && board[i][0] == 'O' && board[i][1] == ' ')
			{
				board[i][1] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
			if (board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] == 'O' && board[i][0] == ' ')
			{
				board[i][0] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
		}

		//判断每一列是否有两个相连的棋子,如果有,且第三个棋格为空,则堵棋
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			if (board[0][j] == board[1][j] && board[0][j] == 'O' && board[2][j] == ' ')
			{
				board[2][j] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
			if (board[0][j] == board[2][j] && board[0][j] == 'O' && board[1][j] == ' ')
			{
				board[1][j] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
			if (board[1][j] == board[2][j] && board[1][j] == 'O' && board[0][j] == ' ')
			{
				board[0][j] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
		}

		//判断两条对角线是否有两个相连的棋子,如果有,且第三个棋格为空,则堵棋
		{
			//第一条
			if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[0][0] == 'O' && board[2][2] == ' ')
			{
				board[2][2] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
			if (board[0][0] == board[2][2] && board[0][0] == 'O' && board[1][1] == ' ')
			{
				board[1][1] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
			if (board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == 'O' && board[0][0] == ' ')
			{
				board[0][0] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}

			//第二条
			if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[0][2] == 'O' && board[2][0] == ' ')
			{
				board[2][0] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
			if (board[0][2] == board[2][0] && board[0][2] == 'O' && board[1][1] == ' ')
			{
				board[1][1] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
			if (board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] == 'O' && board[0][2] == ' ')
			{
				board[0][2] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}

			//如果上面都没返回,说明不符合堵棋,下棋的条件
			else
			{
				computerMove(board, ROW, COL);
			}
		}
	}
	int ret = 0;
	end://判断平局
		ret = isFull(board, row, col);
		if (ret == 1)
		{
			return 'p';
		}
		return 'c';
}

四.游戏功能具体分析

1.棋盘的初始化

void initBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			board[i][j] = ' ';
		}
	}
}

2.棋盘的打印

void displayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int i = 0;
	int j = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
			if (j < col - 1)
				printf("|");
		}
		printf("\n");
		if (i < row - 1)
		{
			for(int j = 0; j < col; j++)
			{
				printf("---");
				if (j < col - 1)
				{
					printf("|");
				}
			}	
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
}

3.玩家下棋

void playerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int x = 0;
	int y = 0;
	printf("玩家走:>\n");
	while(1)
	{ 
		printf("请输入下棋坐标:>");
		scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
		if (x > 0 && x <= row && y > 0 && y <= col)
		{
			//判断坐标是否被占用
			if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
			{
				board[x - 1][y - 1] = 'O';
				break;
			}
			else
			{
				printf("坐标已被占用,请重新输入\n");
				break;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			printf("坐标错误,请重新输入\n");
		}
	}	
}

4.电脑下棋

4.1简单模式

void computerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int x = 0;
	int y = 0;
	printf("电脑走:>\n");
	while (1)
	{
		x = rand() % row;
		y = rand() % col;
		//不用判断合法性
		if(board[x][y] == ' ')
		{
			board[x][y] = 'X';
			break;
		}
	}	
}

4.2困难模式

void SmartComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int i = 0;
	int j = 0;
	//判断每一行是否有两个相连的棋子,如果有,且第三个棋格为空,则落棋
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][0] == 'X' && board[i][2] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][2] = 'X';
		}
		if (board[i][0] == board[i][2] && board[i][0] == 'X' && board[i][1] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][1] = 'X';
		}
		if (board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] == 'X' && board[i][0] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][0] = 'X';
		}
	}
	
	//判断每一列是否有两个相连的棋子,如果有,且第三个棋格为空,则落棋
	for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
	{
		if (board[0][j] == board[1][j] && board[0][j] == 'X' && board[2][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[2][j] = 'X';
		}
		if (board[0][j] == board[2][j] && board[0][j] == 'X' && board[1][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[1][j] = 'X';
		}
		if (board[1][j] == board[2][j] && board[1][j] == 'X' && board[0][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[0][j] = 'X';
		}
	}

	//判断两条对角线是否有两个相连的棋子,如果有,且第三个棋格为空,则落棋
	{
		//第一条
		if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[0][0] == 'X' && board[2][2] == ' ')
		{
			board[2][2] = 'X';
		}
		if (board[0][0] == board[2][2] && board[0][0] == 'X' && board[1][1] == ' ')
		{
			board[1][1] = 'X';
		}
		if (board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == 'X' && board[0][0] == ' ')
		{
			board[0][0] = 'X';
		}

		//第二条
		if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[0][2] == 'X' && board[2][0] == ' ')
		{
			board[2][0] = 'X';
		}
		if (board[0][2] == board[2][0] && board[0][2] == 'X' && board[1][1] == ' ')
		{
			board[1][1] = 'X';
			
		}
		if (board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] == 'X' && board[0][2] == ' ')
		{
			board[0][2] = 'X';		
		}
		//如果上面都没落子,说明不符合赢的条件
		int i = 0;
		int j = 0;

		//判断每一行是否有两个相连的棋子,如果有,且第三个棋格为空,则堵棋
		for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
		{
			if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][0] == 'O' && board[i][2] == ' ')
			{
				board[i][2] = 'X';
				goto end;//防止多次落子的问题
			}
			if (board[i][0] == board[i][2] && board[i][0] == 'O' && board[i][1] == ' ')
			{
				board[i][1] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
			if (board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] == 'O' && board[i][0] == ' ')
			{
				board[i][0] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
		}

		//判断每一列是否有两个相连的棋子,如果有,且第三个棋格为空,则堵棋
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			if (board[0][j] == board[1][j] && board[0][j] == 'O' && board[2][j] == ' ')
			{
				board[2][j] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
			if (board[0][j] == board[2][j] && board[0][j] == 'O' && board[1][j] == ' ')
			{
				board[1][j] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
			if (board[1][j] == board[2][j] && board[1][j] == 'O' && board[0][j] == ' ')
			{
				board[0][j] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
		}

		//判断两条对角线是否有两个相连的棋子,如果有,且第三个棋格为空,则堵棋
		{
			//第一条
			if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[0][0] == 'O' && board[2][2] == ' ')
			{
				board[2][2] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
			if (board[0][0] == board[2][2] && board[0][0] == 'O' && board[1][1] == ' ')
			{
				board[1][1] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
			if (board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == 'O' && board[0][0] == ' ')
			{
				board[0][0] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}

			//第二条
			if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[0][2] == 'O' && board[2][0] == ' ')
			{
				board[2][0] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
			if (board[0][2] == board[2][0] && board[0][2] == 'O' && board[1][1] == ' ')
			{
				board[1][1] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}
			if (board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] == 'O' && board[0][2] == ' ')
			{
				board[0][2] = 'X';
				goto end;
			}

			//如果上面都没返回,说明不符合堵棋,下棋的条件
			else
			{
				computerMove(board, ROW, COL);
			}
		}
	}
	int ret = 0;
	end://判断平局
		ret = isFull(board, row, col);
		if (ret == 1)
		{
			return 'p';
		}
		return 'c';
}

5.判断棋盘满没满

int isFull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		int j = 0;
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			if(board[i][j] == ' ')
			{
				return 0;//棋盘没满
			}		
		}
	}
	return 1;//棋盘满了
}

6.判断游戏输赢

char isWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	//判断三行
	for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] != ' ')
		{
			return board[i][1];
		}
	}
	//判断三列
	for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
	{
		if (board[0][j] == board[1][j] && board[1][j] == board[2][j] && board[1][j] != ' ')
		{
			return board[0][j];
		}
	}
	//判断对角线
	if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] != ' ')
	{
		return board[0][0];
	}
	if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] != ' ')
	{
		return board[0][2];
	}
	//判断平局
	int ret = isFull(board, row, col);
	if (ret == 1)
	{
		return 'p';
	}
	return 'c';
}

五.总结

我们可以发现简单模式下,电脑的下法是非常笨拙的,因为是随机的坐标。我们可以改一下,比如困难模式,用穷举的方法,判断我方是否有两颗棋子在一条线上,如果有则堵死;并且判断电脑的棋子是否有两颗在一条线上,如果有则落子。一定程度上增加了难度,不太容易赢,平局比较多。因为电脑前两颗棋子是随机的,所以也就是看运气。感兴趣的小伙伴可以复制过去体验一下,可能会有BUG,我暂时还没有发现!!!如果你发现了,请一定联系我改正。另外,这个程序只适用于三子棋,其实也可以改,不过我懒写的了,你可以搜一下,等以后闲了再说吧,孩子要好好学习了,不然要挂科了!!!

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