author：@c1awn
env如下:

如无特殊说明，docker版本为：

[root@c1awn01 ~]# docker version
Client:
 Version:         1.13.1
 API version:     1.26
 Package version: 
 Go version:      go1.8.3
 Git commit:      774336d/1.13.1
 Built:           Wed Mar  7 17:06:16 2018
 OS/Arch:         linux/amd64

linux版本：

[root@c1awn01 ~]# uname -a
Linux c1awn01 3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Mar 7 19:03:37 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@c1awn01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

1. 环境

centos7
yum安装的nginx，配置和目录保持默认

rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

yum install -y nginx

2. 创建dockerfile

[root@c1awn01 nginx]# cat dockerfile 
FROM nginx
MAINTAINER c1awn
ENV RUN_USER nginx
ENV RUN_GROUP nginx
ENV DATA_DIR /data/web
ENV LOG_DIR /data/log/nginx
RUN mkdir /data/log/nginx -p
RUN chown nginx.nginx -R /data/log/nginx
ADD html /data/web
ADD nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
ADD conf.d/default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
EXPOSE 80
ENTRYPOINT nginx -g "daemon off;"

分段解析：

镜像来源，官方nginx
此派生镜像维护者
镜像用户、用户组都是nginx
镜像data目录/data/web
镜像log目录/data/log/nginx
创建镜像的日志目录，赋予所有者、组
将当前目录下的网页目录、nginx.conf 、conf.d/default.conf分别复制到镜像目录中
指定镜像默认端口80
ENTRYPOINT nginx -g指定开启镜像立刻执行的命令
daemon off;是为了防止容器跑着跑着挂掉
容器为什么加daemon off

[root@c1awn01 nginx]# pwd
/etc/nginx
[root@c1awn01 nginx]# ll
总用量 40
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   26 5月  12 13:59 conf.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  343 5月  12 14:45 dockerfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 4月  17 23:48 fastcgi_params
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   40 5月  12 14:20 html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2837 4月  17 23:48 koi-utf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2223 4月  17 23:48 koi-win
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5170 4月  17 23:48 mime.types
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   29 5月  12 13:51 modules -> ../../usr/lib64/nginx/modules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  643 4月  17 23:46 nginx.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  636 4月  17 23:48 scgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  664 4月  17 23:48 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3610 4月  17 23:48 win-utf

当前目录是yum安装nginx的配置文件目录，为了方便，将/usr/share/nginx/html也复制到此目录下

3. docker bulid创建镜像

[root@c1awn01 nginx]# docker build -t test_nginx .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 32.26 kB
Step 1/13 : FROM nginx
 ---> ae513a47849c
Step 2/13 : MAINTAINER c1awn
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 6865842b23dd
Step 3/13 : ENV RUN_USER nginx
 ---> Using cache
 ---> a102ce453221
Step 4/13 : ENV RUN_GROUP nginx
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 2e8340134b66
Step 5/13 : ENV DATA_DIR /data/web
 ---> Using cache
 ---> cf5ff12aa091
Step 6/13 : ENV LOG_DIR /data/log/nginx
 ---> Using cache
 ---> bf0e81cc24a8
Step 7/13 : RUN mkdir /data/log/nginx -p
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 2e781aa2ddfd
Step 8/13 : RUN chown nginx.nginx -R /data/log/nginx
 ---> Using cache
 ---> d488d4be88ce
Step 9/13 : ADD html /data/web
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 5f339b72e09a
Step 10/13 : ADD nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 6fb7afa7c879
Step 11/13 : ADD conf.d/default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 4dadb8f9362c
Step 12/13 : EXPOSE 80
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 5496741b35be
Step 13/13 : ENTRYPOINT nginx -g "daemon off;"
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 7d17550c0281
Successfully built 7d17550c0281

注意docker build最后有个点
可以看到13个创建的步骤

4.后台启动镜像，常见启动方式

上一步的Successfully built 7d17550c0281显示了创建的镜像ID

[root@c1awn01 nginx]# docker run -d --name nginx281 -p 127.0.0.1:8080:80 7d17550c0281
c2af6abe0b22f07a74ea279d75a44635282db2053a0ea70c1d8dabb9e3427619

-d 后台运行
--name 指定name
-p 宿主机ip：端口：镜像端口
**curl测试一下镜像的网页 **

[root@c1awn01 nginx]# curl 127.0.0.1:8080



Welcome to nginx!



Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.

Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.
Thank you for using nginx.

成功访问nginx容器的HTML文件

5.进入nginx容器的伪终端，查看data目录

docker exec -it c2af6abe0b22 bash 进入容器伪终端bash界面

[root@c1awn01 nginx]# docker exec -it c2af6abe0b22 bash
root@c2af6abe0b22:/# ls /data/web/
50x.html  index.html
root@c2af6abe0b22:/# ls /data/log/
nginx
root@c2af6abe0b22:/# ls /data/log/nginx/
root@c2af6abe0b22:/#

6.问题：nginx始终返回官方index而不是自己写的index

注意conf.d/default.conf定义的页面目录，比如下面的重新定义为容器的/data/web/，而默认目录是/usr/share/nginx/html

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;

    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /data/web/;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

1. 事先在当前目录下的html/index.html里加了Welcome to nginx! This is a demo! 假定这是自己写的index
1. 重新build镜像
1. 重新启动镜像，现在直接把容器端口直接映射在宿主机80上

[root@c1awn01 nginx]# curl  127.0.0.1



Welcome to nginx! This is a demo!



Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.

For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.

Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.

Thank you for using nginx.

返回结果说明nginx官方镜像也解析了新的index

docker部署nginx--dockerfile方法