Python学生信息管理系统
Python学生信息管理系统
1.需求分析
2.系统设计
3.系统开发必备
4.主函数设计
5.学生信息维护模块设计
6.查询/统计模块设计
7.排序模块设计
8.项目打包
1.需求分析
1.录入学生信息
2.查找学生信息
3.删除学生信息
4.修改学生信息
5.排序
6.统计学生总人数
7.显示所有学生信息
0.退出系统
2.开发必备
系统开发环境：
操作系统：window10
Python解释器版本：Python3.7
开发工具：Pycharm
Python内置模块：os,re
项目目录结构：
main.py
menu.py
operate.py
save.py
display.py
3.主函数设计
在主函数中通过调用各个函数实现需求分析内容
1.录入学生信息 insert()
2.查找学生信息 find()
3.删除学生信息 delete()
4.修改学生信息 modify()
5.排序 sort()
6.统计学生总人数 total()
7.显示所有学生信息 show()
0.退出系统
from menu import menu
import operate
def main():
while 1:
menu()
choice = int(input('请输入你需要的功能：'))
if choice in range(0,8):
if choice == 0:
answer = input('你确定要退出系统吗？y/n')
if answer in ('y','Y'):
print('谢谢你的使用')
break
else:
continue
elif choice == 1:
operate.insert()
elif choice == 2:
operate.find()
elif choice == 3:
operate.delete()
elif choice == 4:
operate.modify()
elif choice == 5:
operate.sort()
elif choice == 6:
operate.total()
elif choice == 7:
operate.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
3.1 menu函数设计
def menu():
print('学生信息管理系统'.center(50,'='))
print('功能菜单'.center(50,'-'))
print('\t\t\t\t\t1.录入学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t2.查找学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t3.删除学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t4.修改学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t5.排序')
print('\t\t\t\t\t6.统计学生总人数')
print('\t\t\t\t\t7.显示所有学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t0.退出系统')
print('-'.center(50,'-'))
3.2 operate函数设计
# Author : zxy
# Date : 2022/5/21 23:53
import display
import save
import os
def insert(filename):
student_list = []
while True:
id = input('请输入ID(如1001):')
if not id:
break
name = input('请输入姓名:')
if not name:
break
try:
english = int(input('请输入英语成绩:'))
python = int(input('请输入Python成绩:'))
java = int(input('请输入Java成绩:'))
except:
print('输入有误!!请重新输入！！')
continue
# 将信息报错在字典中
student = {'id':id,'name':name,'english':english,'python':python,'java':java}
student_list.append(student)
answer = input('是否继续添加？y/n\n')
if answer in ('y','Y'):
continue
else:
break
save.save(student_list,filename)
def find(filename):
student_lst = []
while True:
id = ''
name = ''
if os.path.exists(filename):
mode = int(input('按ID查找请输入1，按姓名查找请输入2：'))
if mode == 1:
id = input('请输入学生ID：')
elif mode == 2:
name = input('请输入学生姓名：')
else:
print('你输入有误，请重新输入！！！')
find(filename)
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
students = rfile.readlines()
for student in students:
dic = dict(eval(student))
if id != '':
if dic['id'] == id:
student_lst.append(dic)
elif name != '':
if dic['name'] == name:
student_lst.append(dic)
display.show_student(student_lst)
student_lst.clear()
answer = input('是否继续查询？y/n')
if answer in ('y','Y'):
continue
else:
break
else:
print('没有学生信息！！！')
def delete(filename):
while True:
student_id = input('请输入要删除的学生的ID:')
if student_id != '':
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student_old = rfile.readlines()
else:
student_old = []
flag = False
if student_old:
with open(filename,'w',encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
dic = {}
for item in student_old:
dic = dict(eval(item))
if dic['id'] != student_id:
wfile.write(str(dic)+'\n')
else:
flag = True
if flag:
print('id为{}的学生信息已被删除'.format(student_id))
else:
print(f'没有找到ID为{student_id}的学生信息')
else:
print('没有学生信息')
break
show(filename)
answer = input('是否继续删除？y/n' + '\n')
if answer in ('y','Y'):
continue
else:
break
def modify(filename):
while True:
answer = input('请输入要修改的学生ID:')
if answer != '':
if os.path.exists(filename) :
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student_old = rfile.readlines()
else:
student_old = []
flag = False
if student_old:
with open(filename,'w',encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
dic = {}
for student in student_old:
dic = dict(eval(student))
if dic['id'] == answer:
print('找到这个名学生，可以修改他的相关信息了')
name = input('请输入姓名:')
dic['name'] = name
english = input('请输入英语成绩:')
dic['english'] = english
python = input('请输入Python成绩:')
dic['python'] = python
java = input('请输入Java成绩:')
dic['java'] = java
wfile.write(str(dic)+'\n')
else:
wfile.write(str(dic)+'\n')
flag = True
if not flag:
print('ID为{0}的学生信息修改成功'.format(answer))
else:
print('你输入的学生ID:{}不存在！！！'.format(answer))
else:
print('没有学生信息！！！')
break
show(filename)
answer = input('是否继续修改其他学生信息？y/n'+'\n')
if answer in ('y','Y'):
continue
else:
break
else:
print('请输入正确的学生ID')
def sort(filename):
show(filename)
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
students = rfile.readlines()
student_new = []
for student in students:
dic = dict(eval(student))
student_new.append(dic)
else:
print('未录入学生信息！！！')
asc_or_desc = input('请选择(0升序，1降序)：')
if asc_or_desc == '0':
asc_or_desc_bool = False
elif asc_or_desc == '1':
asc_or_desc_bool = True
else:
print('你输入有误，请重新输入！！！')
sort(filename)
mode = input('请选择排序方式(1.按英语排序，2.按Python排序，3.按Java排序，0.按总成绩排序)：')
if mode == '1':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x : int(x['english']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == '2':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x : int(x['python']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == '3':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x : int(x['java']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == '5':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x : int(x['english']) + int(x['python']) + int(x['java']) ,reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
else:
print('你的输入有误，请重新输入！！！')
sort(filename)
display.show_student(student_new)
def total(filename):
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
students = rfile.readlines()
if students != '':
print('一共有{}名学生'.format(len(students)))
else:
print('学生信息为空！！！')
else:
print('暂未报错学生信息！！！')
def show(filename):
student_lst = []
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
students = rfile.readlines()
for student in students:
dic = dict(eval(student))
student_lst.append(dic)
display.show_student(student_lst)
student_lst.clear()
else:
print('暂未保存学生信息！！！')
3.3 save()函数
def save(lst,filename):
try:
stu_data = open(filename,'a',encoding='utf-8')
except:
stu_data = open(filename,'w',encoding='utf-8')
for item in lst:
stu_data.write(str(item)+'\n')
stu_data.close()
3.4 display()函数
def show_student(lst):
if len(lst) == 0:
print('没有查询到学生信息，无数据显示！！！')
return
format_title = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}\t'
print(format_title.format('ID','姓名','英语成绩','Python成绩','Java成绩','总成绩'))
format_data = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t'
for student in lst:
print(format_data.format(student.get('id'),
student.get('name'),
student.get('english'),
student.get('python'),
student.get('java'),
int(student.get('english')) + int(student.get('python')) + int(student.get('java'))
))
3.5 项目打包
安装：pip install PyInstaller
单文件打包：
pyinstaller -F main.py [打包exe]
pyinstaller -F -w main.py [不带控制台打包]
pyinstaller -F -i main.ico main.py [指定图标打包]
多文件打包：
1.pyi-makespec main.py(将主函数生成对应的spec文件)
2.修改spec文件，i按察Analysis下是否包含所有py文件，检查pathex的项目路径是否正确
3.pyinstaller main.spec(对spec文件进行pyinstaller安装)
main.spec文件修改
Analysis:
['main.py','menu.py','operate.py','display.py','save.py'],<将所有需要打包py文件写入>
pathex=['E:\\BigData\\date\\PyCharm\\May2\\project'],<写入正确的项目路径>
datas=[('date\\student.txt','date'),('icon.ico','icon')],<首先是项目中文件，其次是打包后文件夹名称>
exe:
name='学生信息管理系统',<指定exe名称>
icon='icon.ico',<指定图标打包>
图片转ico图标工具