MySQL的慢查询日志是MySQL提供的一种日志记录,它用来记录在MySQL中响应时间超过阀值的语句,具体指运行时间超过long_query_time值的SQL,则会被记录到慢查询日志中。long_query_time的默认值为10。
通过慢查询日志,可以查找出哪些查询语句的执行效率低,以便进行优化。
如果不是调优需要的话,一般不建议启动该参数,因为开启慢查询日志会或多或少带来一定的性能影响。
long_query_time的默认值为10
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'long_query_time';
+-----------------+-----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+-----------+
| long_query_time | 10.000000 |
+-----------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看是否开启慢查询日志功能
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'slow_query%';
+---------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------+----------------------------+
| slow_query_log | OFF |
| slow_query_log_file | /data/mysql/CHENG-slow.log |
+---------------------+----------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
开启慢查询日志功能
方式一:配置文件开启(永久有效)
将 log_slow_queries 选项和 long_query_time 选项加入到配置文件的 [mysqld] 组中。格式如下:
[mysqld]
show_query_log=on/off # 开启或关闭
log-slow-queries=dir/filename
long_query_time=n
log_output=file
其中:
方式二:命令开启慢查询日志
SET GLOBAL slow_query_log=on/off; -- 开启或关闭
-- 全局和当前session都要修改
SET GLOBAL long_query_time=1;
SET long_query_time=1;
1、建表
create table student(
id int(11) not null auto_increment,
stuno int not null ,
name varchar(20) default null,
age int(3) default null,
classID int(11) default null,
primary key (id)
)engine=innodb auto_increment=1 default charset=utf8;
2、创建函数:
开启创建函数:
set global log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1;
函数一:随机生成字符串函数
delimiter //
create function rand_string(n int)
returns varchar(255)
begin
declare chars_str varchar(100) default
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwsyzABCDEFGJHIKLMNOPQRSTUVWSYZ';
declare return_str varchar(255) default '';
declare i int default 0;
while i < n do
set return_str = concat(return_str,substring(chars_str,floor(1+rand()*52),1));
set i = i + 1;
end while ;
return return_str;
end //
delimiter ;
函数二:随机数生成函数
delimiter //
create function rand_num(from_num int , to_num int) returns int(11)
begin
declare i int default 0;
set i = floor(from_num+rand()*(to_num - from_num + 1));
return i;
end //
delimiter ;
3、创建存储过程
delimiter //
create procedure insert_stu1(start int,max_num int)
begin
declare i int default 0;
set autocommit = 0;
repeat
set i = i + 1;
insert into student(stuno, name,age,classID) VALUES
((start+1),rand_string(6),rand_num(10,100),rand_num(10,1000));
until i = max_num
end repeat ;
commit;
end //
delimiter ;
4、调用存储过程
call insert_stu1(100001,4000000);
5、查看数据添加结果
mysql> select count(*) from student;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 4000000 |
+----------+
1 row in set (1.40 sec)
6、查看记录到慢查询日志中的sql数量
mysql> show status like 'slow_queries';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| Slow_queries | 1 |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysqldumpslow 是MySQL提供的日志分析工具,用于帮我们分析日志,查找、分析SQL。
查看mysqldumpslow的用法
[root@CHENG bin]# mysqldumpslow -help
Usage: mysqldumpslow [ OPTS... ] [ LOGS... ]
Parse and summarize the MySQL slow query log. Options are
--verbose verbose
--debug debug
--help write this text to standard output
-v verbose
-d debug
-s ORDER what to sort by (al, at, ar, c, l, r, t), 'at' is default
al: average lock time
ar: average rows sent
at: average query time
c: count
l: lock time
r: rows sent
t: query time
-r reverse the sort order (largest last instead of first)
-t NUM just show the top n queries
-a don't abstract all numbers to N and strings to 'S'
-n NUM abstract numbers with at least n digits within names
-g PATTERN grep: only consider stmts that include this string
-h HOSTNAME hostname of db server for *-slow.log filename (can be wildcard),
default is '*', i.e. match all
-i NAME name of server instance (if using mysql.server startup script)
-l don't subtract lock time from total time
解决 bash: mysqldumpslow: command not found
这个错误是因为 mysqldumpslow不在/usr/bin下面,我们需要找到 mysqldumpslow (一般是在mysql的安装目录下)安装目录,然后做一个软链接到/usr/bin下。我的mysqldumpslow路径为 /usr/local/mysql/bin
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldumpslow /usr/bin
mysqldumpslow 的使用
# /data/mysql/CHENG-slow.log 慢查询日志路径
[root@CHENG mysql]# mysqldumpslow -a -s t -t 5 /data/mysql/CHENG-slow.log
Reading mysql slow query log from /data/mysql/CHENG-slow.log
Count: 1 Time=356.29s (356s) Lock=0.00s (0s) Rows=0.0 (0), root[root]@[58.242.191.115]
/* ApplicationName=DataGrip 2021.1 */ call insert_stu1(100001,4000000) # 调用存储过程的sql
Count: 1 Time=1.39s (1s) Lock=0.00s (0s) Rows=1.0 (1), root[root]@localhost
select count(*) from student
Died at /usr/bin/mysqldumpslow line 167, <> chunk 2.
慢查询日志的删除方法与通用日志的删除方法是一样的。可以使用 mysqladmin 命令来删除。也可以使用手工方式(rm -rf)来删除。mysqladmin 命令的语法如下:mysqladmin 命令会重新生成查询日志文件
mysqladmin -uroot -p flush-logs slow
执行该命令后,命令行会提示输入密码。输入正确密码后,将执行删除操作。新的慢查询日志会直接覆盖旧的查询日志,不需要再手动删除。
数据库管理员也可以手工删除慢查询日志,删除之后需要重新启动 MySQL 服务。
注意:通用查询日志和慢查询日志都是使用这个命令,使用时一定要注意,一旦执行这个命令,通用查询日志和慢查询日志都只存在新的日志文件中。如果需要备份旧的慢查询日志文件,必须先将旧的日志改名,然后重启 MySQL 服务或执行 mysqladmin 命令。
Show Profile是MySQL提供的可以用来分析当前会话中SQL都做了什么、执行的资源消耗情况的工具,可用于sql调优的测量。默认情况下处于关闭状态,并保存最近15次的运行结果。|
查看show profile是否开启
mysql> show variables like 'profiling';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| profiling | OFF |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
开启 show profile
mysql> set profiling = 'ON';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'profiling';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| profiling | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
查看当前会话都有哪些 profiles
mysql> show profiles;
+----------+------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Query_ID | Duration | Query |
+----------+------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 1 | 0.02887100 | show variables like 'profiling' |
| 2 | 0.00010500 | select * from student where stuno = 1234567 |
| 3 | 0.00062425 | show databases |
| 4 | 0.00016825 | SELECT DATABASE() |
| 5 | 0.00034500 | show databases |
| 6 | 0.01144500 | show tables |
| 7 | 2.41117450 | select * from student where stuno = 1234567 |
| 8 | 1.27697000 | select * from student where stuno = 1231234 |
| 9 | 1.33853225 | select * from student where stuno = 3453451 |
| 10 | 0.00023825 | show create table student |
| 11 | 0.00043500 | select * from student where id = 1231231 |
| 12 | 1.23249650 | select * from student where classID = 1231231 |
| 13 | 1.29235175 | select * from student where classID = 1000000 |
| 14 | 1.45108200 | select * from student where name = 'jnoefp' |
+----------+------------+-----------------------------------------------+
14 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
查看最近的一次查询的开销
mysql> show profile;
+----------------------+----------+
| Status | Duration |
+----------------------+----------+
| starting | 0.000093 |
| checking permissions | 0.000009 |
| Opening tables | 0.000022 |
| init | 0.000033 |
| System lock | 0.000011 |
| optimizing | 0.000020 |
| statistics | 0.000022 |
| preparing | 0.000016 |
| executing | 0.000004 |
| Sending data | 1.437393 |
| end | 0.000027 |
| query end | 0.000013 |
| closing tables | 0.000013 |
| freeing items | 0.000679 |
| cleaning up | 0.012730 |
+----------------------+----------+
15 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
查看指定查询的开销
查询Query_ID为3的开销:
mysql> show profile for query 3;
+----------------------+----------+
| Status | Duration |
+----------------------+----------+
| starting | 0.000114 |
| checking permissions | 0.000011 |
| Opening tables | 0.000050 |
| init | 0.000014 |
| System lock | 0.000008 |
| optimizing | 0.000007 |
| statistics | 0.000015 |
| preparing | 0.000016 |
| executing | 0.000314 |
| Sending data | 0.000019 |
| end | 0.000005 |
| query end | 0.000008 |
| closing tables | 0.000004 |
| removing tmp table | 0.000007 |
| closing tables | 0.000005 |
| freeing items | 0.000015 |
| cleaning up | 0.000015 |
+----------------------+----------+
17 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
show profile的常用查询参数