如何使用Java发送form-data格式的请求上传multipart文件?，供大家参考，具体内容如下
封装了以下工具类：
package com.leeyaonan.clinkz.common.util;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestBase;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
/**
* HttpUtils
*
* @author Rot
* @date 2021/10/15 17:45
*/
@Slf4j
public class HttpUtils {
/**
* 从连接池中获取连接的超时时间--10s
*/
private static int connectionRequestTimeout = 10000;
/**
* 客户端和服务器建立连接的超时时间--握手连接时间--10s
*/
private static int connectTimeout = 60000;
/**
* 从对方服务接受响应流的时间
*/
private static int socketTimeout = 60000;
/**
* 连接池最大连接数
*/
private static int maxTotal = 800;
/**
* 每个主机的并发
*/
private static int maxPerRoute = 20;
private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = null;
private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
public static CloseableHttpClient getClient() {
return httpClient;
}
static {
log.info("初始化http connection 连接池 ...");
try {
// 配置同时支持 HTTP 和 HTPPS
SSLContextBuilder builder = new SSLContextBuilder();
builder.loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy());
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslConnectionSocketFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(builder.build());
Registry socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.create().register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory()).register("https", sslConnectionSocketFactory).build();
connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("初始化http 连接池异常", e);
connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
}
//连接池统一配置
connectionManager.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);
connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(maxPerRoute);
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout).setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout).setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout).build();
//不做重试功能
HttpRequestRetryHandler retryHandler = new DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler(0, false);
httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connectionManager).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).setRetryHandler(retryHandler).build();
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutorService = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1);
scheduledExecutorService.scheduleWithFixedDelay(() -> {
connectionManager.closeExpiredConnections();
connectionManager.closeIdleConnections(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
log.info("回收过期的http连接完成 status：{}", connectionManager.getTotalStats());
}, 30, 120, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(() -> {
log.info("关闭 httpClient 连接");
try {
if (httpClient != null) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("关闭 httpClient 异常", e);
}
}));
}
/**
* post请求提交form-data上传文件
*
* @param url
* @param headers 请求头
* @return
*/
public static String doPostUploadFile(String url, Map headers, File file) {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
packageHeader(headers, httpPost);
String fileName = file.getName();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String respContent = null;
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
// 设置请求头 boundary边界不可重复，重复会导致提交失败
String boundary = "-------------------------" + UUID.randomUUID().toString();
httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);
// 创建MultipartEntityBuilder
MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
// 设置字符编码
builder.setCharset(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
// 模拟浏览器
builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
// 设置边界
builder.setBoundary(boundary);
// 设置multipart/form-data流文件
builder.addPart("multipartFile", new FileBody(file));
// application/octet-stream代表不知道是什么格式的文件
builder.addBinaryBody("media", file, ContentType.create("application/octet-stream"), fileName);
HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (response != null && response.getStatusLine() != null && response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() < 400) {
HttpEntity he = response.getEntity();
if (he != null) {
respContent = EntityUtils.toString(he, "UTF-8");
}
} else {
log.error("对方响应的状态码不在符合的范围内!");
throw new RuntimeException();
}
return respContent;
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("网络访问异常,请求url地址={},响应体={},error={}", url, response, e);
throw new RuntimeException();
} finally {
log.info("统一外网请求参数打印,post请求url地址={},响应={},耗时={}毫秒", url, respContent, (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime));
try {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("请求链接释放异常", e);
}
}
}
/**
* 封装请求头
*
* @param paramsHeads
* @param httpMethod
*/
private static void packageHeader(Map paramsHeads, HttpRequestBase httpMethod) {
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(paramsHeads)) {
Set> entrySet = paramsHeads.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry entry : entrySet) {
httpMethod.setHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
}
}
maven依赖：
org.apache.httpcomponents httpcore 4.4.9 org.apache.httpcomponents httpclient 4.5.13 org.apache.httpcomponents httpmime 4.5.12
核心部分：
// 设置请求头 boundary边界不可重复，重复会导致提交失败
String boundary = "-------------------------" + UUID.randomUUID().toString();
httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);
// 创建MultipartEntityBuilder
MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
// 设置字符编码
builder.setCharset(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
// 模拟浏览器
builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
// 设置边界
builder.setBoundary(boundary);
// 设置multipart/form-data流文件
builder.addPart("multipartFile", new FileBody(file));
// application/octet-stream代表不知道是什么格式的文件
builder.addBinaryBody("media", file, ContentType.create("application/octet-stream"), fileName);
HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
注意：这里的builder.addPart("multipartFile", new FileBody(file));，multipartFile对应form表单的字段名称，如果接口更改了字段名称，这里也需要更改
比如我有一个接口是这样定义的：
@PostMapping("/xxx")
public void test(@RequestParam(value = "abc") MultipartFile file) {
...
}
那么使用上述工具请求该接口的时候，就需要将
builder.addPart("multipartFile", new FileBody(file));
改为
builder.addPart("abc", new FileBody(file));
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。