安装vue-router,命令:npm i vue-router
应用插件:Vue.use(VueRouter)
编写router配置项:
//引入VueRouter
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入Luyou 组件
import About from '../components/About'
import Home from '../components/Home'
//创建router实例对象,去管理一组一组的路由规则
const router = new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home
}
]
})
//暴露router
export default router
实现切换(active-class可配置高亮样式)
<router-link active-class="active" to="/about">Aboutrouter-link>
指定展示位置
<router-view>router-view>
pages
文件夹,一般组件通常存放在components
文件夹。$route
属性,里面存储着自己的路由信息。$router
属性获取到。配置路由规则,使用children配置项:
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About,
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[ //通过children配置子级路由
{
path:'news', //此处一定不要写:/news
component:News
},
{
path:'message',//此处一定不要写:/message
component:Message
}
]
}
]
跳转(要写完整路径):
<router-link to="/home/news">Newsrouter-link>
components/Banner.vue
<template>
<div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
<div class="page-header"><h2>Vue Router Demoh2>div>
div>
template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Banner'
}
script>
pages/About.vue
<template>
<h2>About组件内容h2>
template>
<script>
export default {
name: "About",
beforeDestroy() {
console.log("About组件即将被销毁!");
},
mounted() {
console.log("About组件挂在完毕了!");
},
};
script>
pages/Home.vue
<template>
<div>
<h2>Home组件内容h2>
<div>
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li>
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/news">Newsrouter-link>
li>
<li>
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/message">Messagerouter-link>
li>
ul>
<router-view>router-view>
div>
div>
template>
<script>
export default {
name: "Home",
// beforeDestroy() {
// console.log("Home组件即将被销毁!");
// },
// mounted() {
// console.log("Home组件挂在完毕了!");
// },
};
script>
pages/Message.vue
<template>
<div>
<ul>
<li><a href="/message1">message001a> li>
<li><a href="/message2">message002a> li>
<li><a href="/message3">message003a> li>
ul>
div>
template>
<script>
export default {
name: "Message",
};
script>
pages/News.vue
<template>
<ul>
<li>news001li>
<li>news002li>
<li>news003li>
ul>
template>
<script>
export default {
name: "News",
};
script>
router/index.js
//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router"
//引入组件
import About from '../pages/About.vue'
import Home from '../pages/Home.vue'
import News from '../pages/News.vue'
import Message from '../pages/Message.vue'
//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News,
},
{
path:'message',
component:Message,
},
]
}
]
})
App.vue
<template>
<div>
<div class="row">
<Banner/>
div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
<div class="list-group">
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/about">Aboutrouter-link>
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home">Homerouter-link>
div>
div>
<div class="col-xs-6">
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-body">
<router-view>router-view>
div>
div>
div>
div>
div>
template>
<script>
import Banner from './components/Banner.vue'
export default {
name: "App",
components:{Banner}
};
script>
main.js
//引入Vue
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入app
import App from './App.vue'
//引入vue-router
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入路由器
import router from './router/index'
//关闭Vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false
//应用插件
Vue.use(VueRouter)
//创建vm
new Vue({
el:'#app',
render: h => h(App),
router:router
})
传递参数
<router-link :to="/home/message/detail?id=666&title=你好">跳转router-link>
<router-link
:to="{
path:'/home/message/detail',
query:{
id:666,
title:'你好'
}
}"
>跳转router-link>
接收参数:
$route.query.id
$route.query.title
作用:可以简化路由的跳转。
如何使用
给路由命名:
{
path:'/demo',
component:Demo,
children:[
{
path:'test',
component:Test,
children:[
{
name:'hello' //给路由命名
path:'welcome',
component:Hello,
}
]
}
]
}
简化跳转:
<router-link to="/demo/test/welcome">跳转router-link>
<router-link :to="{name:'hello'}">跳转router-link>
<router-link
:to="{
name:'hello',
query:{
id:666,
title:'你好'
}
}"
>跳转router-link>
配置路由,声明接收params参数
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
component:Message,
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail/:id/:title', //使用占位符声明接收params参数
component:Detail
}
]
}
]
}
传递参数
<router-link :to="/home/message/detail/666/你好">跳转router-link>
<router-link
:to="{
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:666,
title:'你好'
}
}"
>跳转router-link>
特别注意:路由携带params参数时,若使用to的对象写法,则不能使用path配置项,必须使用name配置!
接收参数:
$route.params.id
$route.params.title
作用:让路由组件更方便的收到参数
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail/:id',
component:Detail,
//第一种写法:props值为对象,该对象中所有的key-value的组合最终都会通过props传给Detail组件
// props:{a:900}
//第二种写法:props值为布尔值,布尔值为true,则把路由收到的所有params参数通过props传给Detail组件
// props:true
//第三种写法:props值为函数,该函数返回的对象中每一组key-value都会通过props传给Detail组件
props(route){
return {
id:route.query.id,
title:route.query.title
}
}
}
push
和replace
,push
是追加历史记录,replace
是替换当前记录。路由跳转时候默认为push
replace
模式:News
作用:不借助
实现路由跳转,让路由跳转更加灵活
具体编码:
//$router的两个API
this.$router.push({
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:xxx,
title:xxx
}
})
this.$router.replace({
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:xxx,
title:xxx
}
})
this.$router.forward() //前进
this.$router.back() //后退
this.$router.go() //可前进也可后退
作用:让不展示的路由组件保持挂载,不被销毁。
具体编码:
include
里写的是要缓存的组件名
<keep-alive include="News">
<router-view>router-view>
keep-alive>
activated
路由组件被激活时触发。deactivated
路由组件失活时触发。<script>
export default {
name: "News",
data(){
return{
opacity:1
}
},
// beforeDestroy() {
// console.log('News组件即将被销毁了')
// clearInterval(this.timer)
// },
// mounted() {
// this.timer = setInterval(()=>{
// this.opacity -= 0.01
// if(this.opacity <= 0)
// this.opacity = 1
// },16)
// },
// 两个新的生命周期钩子
activated(){
console.log("News被激活了!")
this.timer = setInterval(()=>{
this.opacity -= 0.01
if(this.opacity <= 0)
this.opacity = 1
},16)
},
deactivated() {
console.log("News失活了!")
clearInterval(this.timer)
},
};
</script>
作用:对路由进行权限控制
分类:全局守卫、独享守卫、组件内守卫
全局守卫:
//全局前置守卫:初始化时执行、每次路由切换前执行
router.beforeEach((to,from,next)=>{
console.log('beforeEach',to,from)
if(to.meta.isAuth){ //判断当前路由是否需要进行权限控制
if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){ //权限控制的具体规则
next() //放行
}else{
alert('暂无权限查看')
// next({name:'guanyu'})
}
}else{
next() //放行
}
})
//全局后置守卫:初始化时执行、每次路由切换后执行
router.afterEach((to,from)=>{
console.log('afterEach',to,from)
if(to.meta.title){
document.title = to.meta.title //修改网页的title
}else{
document.title = 'vue_test'
}
})
独享守卫:
beforeEnter(to,from,next){
console.log('beforeEnter',to,from)
if(to.meta.isAuth){ //判断当前路由是否需要进行权限控制
if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){
next()
}else{
alert('暂无权限查看')
// next({name:'guanyu'})
}
}else{
next()
}
}
组件内守卫:
//进入守卫:通过路由规则,进入该组件时被调用
beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {
},
//离开守卫:通过路由规则,离开该组件时被调用
beforeRouteLeave (to, from, next) {
}
对于一个url来说,什么是hash值?—— #
及其后面的内容就是hash值。
hash值不会包含在 HTTP 请求中,即:hash值不会带给服务器。
hash模式:
#
号,不美观 。history模式: