archetype的英文意思是原型，Maven archetype表示创建Maven模块的模版，比如创建web项目，创建Spring项目等等.
mvn archetype提供了一种命令行交互式创建Maven项目或者模块的方式，
mvn archetype
1.在LearnMaven-ch03目录下，执行命令mvn archetype:generate,以交互式的方式创建Maven模块
Choose a number or apply filter (format: [groupId:]artifactId, case sensitive contains): 439: 【此处直接回车】 Choose org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart version: 1: 1.0-alpha-1 2: 1.0-alpha-2 3: 1.0-alpha-3 4: 1.0-alpha-4 5: 1.0 6: 1.1 Choose a number: 6: 5 Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-quickstart/1.0/maven-archetype-quickstart-1.0.jar Downloaded: http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-quickstart/1.0/maven-archetype-quickstart-1.0.jar (5 KB at 4.7 KB/sec) Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-quickstart/1.0/maven-archetype-quickstart-1.0.pom Downloaded: http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-quickstart/1.0/maven-archetype-quickstart-1.0.pom (703 B at 1.8 KB/sec) Define value for property 'groupId': : LearnMaven Define value for property 'artifactId': : LearnMaven-ch03 Define value for property 'version': 1.0-SNAPSHOT: : 1.0 Define value for property 'package': LearnMaven: : com.tom Confirm properties configuration: groupId: LearnMaven artifactId: LearnMaven-ch03 version: 1.0 package: com.tom Y: : y [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.0 [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: LearnMaven [INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: LearnMaven [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: LearnMaven [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: LearnMaven-ch03 [INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: ~/development/learnmaven/maven-ch03 [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: ~/development/learnmaven/maven-ch03/LearnMaven-ch03 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 05:46 min [INFO] Finished at: 2014-08-02T11:59:45+08:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 16M/173M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
执行完成后在~/development/learnmaven/LearnMaven-ch03创建了pom.xml以及src目录，
2. 在~/development/learnmaven/LearnMaven-ch03目录执行命令mvn test可以看到使用archetype原型创建的项目成功执行单元测试
mvn archetype:generate -D
也可以使用-D参数指定我们在上面使用archetype:generate输入的参数，不过不指定则使用缺省值，如
mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=LearnMaven -DartifactId=maven-ch03 -Dversion=1.0 -Dpackage=com.tom
执行结果同mvn archetype:generate