[原]ASP.NET MVC异常处理方案

异常处理是每一个系统都必须要有的功能,尤其对于Web系统而言,简单、统一的异常处理模式尤为重要,当打算使用ASP.NET MVC来做项目时,第一个数据录入页面就遇到了这个问题。

在之前的ASP.NET WebForm项目中,一般情况下都是在Application_Error事件处理器和ScriptManager_AsyncPostBackError事件处理器里面进行,在ASP.NET MVC中用这两种方法似乎都不合适了,该放在哪儿呢?总不至于在每个Action里面都放一个try{...}catch{...}吧。

在ScottGu的博客里面提到了一个类:HandleErrorAttribute,似乎是用于处理异常的,于是使用HandleErrorAttribute来做个尝试,(说明,如果使用了该类型,并且想把异常显示在自已指定的View,则必须在web.config里面的<system.web>节点加上<customErrors mode="On" />)发现HandleError的确比较好用,可以使用其View属性指定异常后跳转的页面,可以针对不同的异常类型跳到不同的异常显示View,而且也可以不跳转到异常显示View,显示到当前View,例:

        [HttpPost]

        [HandleError(View = "Create", ExceptionType = typeof(Exception))]

        public ActionResult Create(string someParam)

        {

            throw new Exception("oops...");

        }

当异常发生时,页面还会跳回到Create,只是这里有点小问题,用户在页面上输入了很多东西,你提示个异常不至于把他辛辛苦苦输了半天的东西都没有了吧,把这样的项目送出去,迟早是要改回来的。

打开HandleErrorAttribute的源代码可以看其关键部分:

        public virtual void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext) {

            if (filterContext == null) {

                throw new ArgumentNullException("filterContext");

            }

            if (filterContext.IsChildAction) {

                return;

            }



            // If custom errors are disabled, we need to let the normal ASP.NET exception handler

            // execute so that the user can see useful debugging information.

            if (filterContext.ExceptionHandled || !filterContext.HttpContext.IsCustomErrorEnabled) {

                return;

            }



            Exception exception = filterContext.Exception;



            // If this is not an HTTP 500 (for example, if somebody throws an HTTP 404 from an action method),

            // ignore it.

            if (new HttpException(null, exception).GetHttpCode() != 500) {

                return;

            }



            if (!ExceptionType.IsInstanceOfType(exception)) {

                return;

            }



            string controllerName = (string)filterContext.RouteData.Values["controller"];

            string actionName = (string)filterContext.RouteData.Values["action"];

            HandleErrorInfo model = new HandleErrorInfo(filterContext.Exception, controllerName, actionName);

            filterContext.Result = new ViewResult {

                ViewName = View,

                MasterName = Master,

                ViewData = new ViewDataDictionary<HandleErrorInfo>(model),

                TempData = filterContext.Controller.TempData

            };

            filterContext.ExceptionHandled = true;

            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Clear();

            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.StatusCode = 500;



            // Certain versions of IIS will sometimes use their own error page when

            // they detect a server error. Setting this property indicates that we

            // want it to try to render ASP.NET MVC's error page instead.

            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.TrySkipIisCustomErrors = true;

        }

可以很清楚的看到,MVC实际上是使用刚才我们指定的View名称新建了一个ViewResult,然后将这个ViewResult交给了InvokeActionResult方法,最终显示给了用户。在这个过程中,新的ViewResult的ViewData被设定为HandleErrorInfo了,没有将Create上的数据放进ViewData,尽管在之后显示的Create视图的Request里还保存着之前的Params内容,但是数据却没有加载上去,我也没有去深究,感觉如果在这里直接把filterContext.Controller中的ViewData直接作为新的ViewResult的ViewData的话,肯定是可以显示提交之前的数据的(因为如果将异常代码包在try...catch...里面是可以在异常后显示之前数据的)。

于是自已新建一个ExceptionFitler:

    public class CustomHandleErrorAttribute : FilterAttribute, IExceptionFilter

    {

        public void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext)

        {

            filterContext.Controller.ViewData["Exception"] = filterContext.Exception;

            filterContext.Result = new ViewResult() { ViewName = filterContext.Controller.ControllerContext.RouteData.Values["Action"].ToString(), ViewData = filterContext.Controller.ViewData };

            filterContext.ExceptionHandled = true;

            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.TrySkipIisCustomErrors = true;

        }

    }

类名起的不咋的,将就着用吧:)

将原来的Action修改如下:

        [HttpPost]

        [CustomHandleError]

        public ActionResult Create(string Name)

        {

            throw new Exception("oops...");

        }

Create.csthml中加入如下代码:

    if (ViewData["Exception"] != null)

    {

        var ex = ViewData["Exception"] as Exception;

        @ex.Message

    }

F5,果然在提交后又回到了原来视图,而且之前填写的数据都还在。

3月19日完善如下:-----------------------------------------

namespace System.Web.Mvc

{

    public class HandleExceptionAttribute : HandleErrorAttribute, IExceptionFilter

    {

        #region IExceptionFilter Members



        public override void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext)

        {

            if (filterContext == null)

            {

                throw new ArgumentNullException("filterContext");

            }

            if (filterContext.IsChildAction)

            {

                return;

            }



            // If custom errors are disabled, we need to let the normal ASP.NET exception handler

            // execute so that the user can see useful debugging information.

            if (filterContext.ExceptionHandled || !filterContext.HttpContext.IsCustomErrorEnabled)

            {

                return;

            }



            Exception exception = filterContext.Exception;



            // If this is not an HTTP 500 (for example, if somebody throws an HTTP 404 from an action method),

            // ignore it.

            if (new HttpException(null, exception).GetHttpCode() != 500)

            {

                return;

            }



            if (!ExceptionType.IsInstanceOfType(exception))

            {

                return;

            }



            string actionName = (string)filterContext.RouteData.Values["action"];

            filterContext.Controller.ViewData["Exception"] = exception;

            filterContext.Result = new ViewResult() { ViewName = actionName, ViewData = filterContext.Controller.ViewData };

            filterContext.ExceptionHandled = true;

            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Clear();

            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.StatusCode = 500;

            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.TrySkipIisCustomErrors = true;

        }



        #endregion

    }



    public static class HandleExceptionHelper

    {

        public static Exception Exception(this HtmlHelper htmlhelper)

        {

            var exception = htmlhelper.ViewContext.Controller.ViewData["Exception"] as Exception;

            return exception;

        }

    }

}

View运用如下:

    if (@Html.Exception() != null)

    {

        @Html.Exception().Message

    }

3月20日添加生成jQuery错误样式:------------------------------------------------

    public static class HandleExceptionHelper

    {

        public static Exception Exception(this HtmlHelper htmlhelper)

        {

            var exception = htmlhelper.ViewContext.Controller.ViewData["Exception"] as Exception;

            return exception;

        }



        public static MvcHtmlString jQueryStyleError(this HtmlHelper htmlhelper)

        {

            var exception = Exception(htmlhelper);



            if (exception == null)

            {

                return null;

            }



            TagBuilder builder = new TagBuilder("div");

            builder.GenerateId("editordescription");

            builder.AddCssClass("ui-widget ui-state-error ui-corner-all");

            builder.InnerHtml = string.Format(@"<p><span class=""ui-icon ui-icon-alert"" style=""float: left; margin-right: .3em;""></span><strong>{0}: </strong>{1}</p>",

                Resx.Error, string.IsNullOrEmpty(exception.Message) ? Resx.UnknowErrorMessage : exception.Message);



            return new MvcHtmlString(builder.ToString(TagRenderMode.Normal));

        }

    }

View应用如下:

@Html.jQueryStyleError()

效果如下:

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