首先,读取周杰伦专辑歌词数据集。
import time
import math
import numpy as np
import torch
from torch import nn, optim
import torch.nn.functional as F
import sys
sys.path.append("..")
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
def load_data_jay_lyrics():
"""加载周杰伦歌词数据集"""
with zipfile.ZipFile('../../data/jaychou_lyrics.txt.zip') as zin:
with zin.open('jaychou_lyrics.txt') as f:
corpus_chars = f.read().decode('utf-8')
corpus_chars = corpus_chars.replace('\n', ' ').replace('\r', ' ')
corpus_chars = corpus_chars[0:10000]
idx_to_char = list(set(corpus_chars))
char_to_idx = dict([(char, i) for i, char in enumerate(idx_to_char)])
vocab_size = len(char_to_idx)
corpus_indices = [char_to_idx[char] for char in corpus_chars]
return corpus_indices, char_to_idx, idx_to_char, vocab_size
(corpus_indices, char_to_idx, idx_to_char, vocab_size) = load_data_jay_lyrics()
PyTorch中的nn模块提供了循环神经网络的实现。下面构造一个含单隐藏层、隐藏单元个数为256的循环神经网络层rnn_layer:
num_hiddens = 256
# rnn_layer = nn.LSTM(input_size=vocab_size, hidden_size=num_hiddens) # 已测试
rnn_layer = nn.RNN(input_size=vocab_size, hidden_size=num_hiddens)
这里rnn_layer的输入形状为(时间步数, 批量大小, 输入个数)。
循环神经网络(LSTM)的输出如下:
输出形状为(时间步数, 批量大小, 隐藏单元个数),隐藏状态h的形状为(层数, 批量大小, 隐藏单元个数)。
num_steps = 35
batch_size = 2
state = None
X = torch.rand(num_steps, batch_size, vocab_size)
Y, state_new = rnn_layer(X, state)
print(Y.shape, len(state_new), state_new[0].shape)
输出:
torch.Size([35, 2, 256]) 1 torch.Size([2, 256])
如果rnn_layer是nn.LSTM实例,继承Module类来定义一个完整的循环神经网络。
def one_hot(x, n_class, dtype=torch.float32):
# X shape: (batch), output shape: (batch, n_class)
x = x.long()
res = torch.zeros(x.shape[0], n_class, dtype=dtype, device=x.device)
res.scatter_(1, x.view(-1, 1), 1)
return res
def to_onehot(X, n_class):
# X shape: (batch, seq_len), output: seq_len elements of (batch, n_class)
return [one_hot(X[:, i], n_class) for i in range(X.shape[1])]
class RNNModel(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, rnn_layer, vocab_size):
super(RNNModel, self).__init__()
self.rnn = rnn_layer
self.hidden_size = rnn_layer.hidden_size * (2 if rnn_layer.bidirectional else 1)
self.vocab_size = vocab_size
self.dense = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, vocab_size)
self.state = None
def forward(self, inputs, state): # inputs: (batch, seq_len)
# 获取one-hot向量表示
X = to_onehot(inputs, self.vocab_size) # X是个list
Y, self.state = self.rnn(torch.stack(X), state)
# 全连接层会首先将Y的形状变成(num_steps * batch_size, num_hiddens),它的输出
# 形状为(num_steps * batch_size, vocab_size)
output = self.dense(Y.view(-1, Y.shape[-1]))
return output, self.state
定义一个预测函数
def predict_rnn_pytorch(prefix, num_chars, model, vocab_size, device, idx_to_char,
char_to_idx):
state = None
output = [char_to_idx[prefix[0]]] # output会记录prefix加上输出
for t in range(num_chars + len(prefix) - 1):
X = torch.tensor([output[-1]], device=device).view(1, 1)
if state is not None:
if isinstance(state, tuple): # LSTM, state:(h, c)
state = (state[0].to(device), state[1].to(device))
else:
state = state.to(device)
(Y, state) = model(X, state)
if t < len(prefix) - 1:
output.append(char_to_idx[prefix[t + 1]])
else:
output.append(int(Y.argmax(dim=1).item()))
return ''.join([idx_to_char[i] for i in output])
使用权重为随机值的模型来预测一次。
model = RNNModel(rnn_layer, vocab_size).to(device)
predict_rnn_pytorch('分开', 10, model, vocab_size, device, idx_to_char, char_to_idx)
实现训练函数
def data_iter_consecutive(corpus_indices, batch_size, num_steps, device=None):
if device is None:
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
corpus_indices = torch.tensor(corpus_indices, dtype=torch.float32, device=device)
data_len = len(corpus_indices)
batch_len = data_len // batch_size
indices = corpus_indices[0: batch_size*batch_len].view(batch_size, batch_len)
epoch_size = (batch_len - 1) // num_steps
for i in range(epoch_size):
i = i * num_steps
X = indices[:, i: i + num_steps]
Y = indices[:, i + 1: i + num_steps + 1]
yield X, Y
def grad_clipping(params, theta, device):
norm = torch.tensor([0.0], device=device)
for param in params:
norm += (param.grad.data ** 2).sum()
norm = norm.sqrt().item()
if norm > theta:
for param in params:
param.grad.data *= (theta / norm)
def train_and_predict_rnn_pytorch(model, num_hiddens, vocab_size, device,
corpus_indices, idx_to_char, char_to_idx,
num_epochs, num_steps, lr, clipping_theta,
batch_size, pred_period, pred_len, prefixes):
loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=lr)
model.to(device)
state = None
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
l_sum, n, start = 0.0, 0, time.time()
data_iter = data_iter_consecutive(corpus_indices, batch_size, num_steps, device) # 相邻采样
for X, Y in data_iter:
if state is not None:
# 使用detach函数从计算图分离隐藏状态, 这是为了
# 使模型参数的梯度计算只依赖一次迭代读取的小批量序列(防止梯度计算开销太大)
if isinstance (state, tuple): # LSTM, state:(h, c)
state = (state[0].detach(), state[1].detach())
else:
state = state.detach()
(output, state) = model(X, state) # output: 形状为(num_steps * batch_size, vocab_size)
# Y的形状是(batch_size, num_steps),转置后再变成长度为
# batch * num_steps 的向量,这样跟输出的行一一对应
y = torch.transpose(Y, 0, 1).contiguous().view(-1)
l = loss(output, y.long())
optimizer.zero_grad()
l.backward()
# 梯度裁剪
grad_clipping(model.parameters(), clipping_theta, device)
optimizer.step()
l_sum += l.item() * y.shape[0]
n += y.shape[0]
try:
perplexity = math.exp(l_sum / n)
except OverflowError:
perplexity = float('inf')
if (epoch + 1) % pred_period == 0:
print('epoch %d, perplexity %f, time %.2f sec' % (
epoch + 1, perplexity, time.time() - start))
for prefix in prefixes:
print(' -', predict_rnn_pytorch(
prefix, pred_len, model, vocab_size, device, idx_to_char,
char_to_idx))
num_epochs, batch_size, lr, clipping_theta = 250, 32, 1e-3, 1e-2 # 注意这里的学习率设置
pred_period, pred_len, prefixes = 50, 50, ['分开', '不分开']
train_and_predict_rnn_pytorch(model, num_hiddens, vocab_size, device,
corpus_indices, idx_to_char, char_to_idx,
num_epochs, num_steps, lr, clipping_theta,
batch_size, pred_period, pred_len, prefixes)