gtest测试框架使用详解_C++ 项目之Googletest单元测试

C++ 项目之Googletest单元测试

1.Clion集成Googletest单元测试

Googletest - Google Testing and Mocking Framework

源码下载地址:

https://github.com/google/googletest/releases

Googletest中包含两个模块,分别是gtest与gmock,需要分别源码编译,编译完后,到指定目录去拷贝includes文件夹与.so文件到下面路径的指定位置.

然后项目中创建ext目录,里面分为两块

  • 第一块:includes

包含gmock与gtest的include文件,对应于gcc -I参数,头文件路径,包含以.h结尾的头文件

  • 第二块:libs

包含gmock与gtest的libs文件,对应gcc -L参数,库文件路径,里面包含的是一些.so或.dll等动态或静态链接库

├── ext│   ├── includes│   │   ├── gmock│   │   └── gtest│   └── libs│       ├── gmock│       └── gtest

上述本地项目路径配置好后,在CmakeLists.txt中进行配置:

# extset(BASE_INCLUDES ext/includes)set(BASE_LIBS ext/libs)# googletestset(GTEST_INCLUDE_DIR ${BASE_INCLUDES}/gtest/include)set(GMOCK_INCLUDE_DIR ${BASE_INCLUDES}/gmock/include)set(GTEST_LINK_DIR ${BASE_LIBS}/gtest/lib/)set(GMOCK_LINK_DIR ${BASE_LIBS}/gmock/lib/)# 去哪里找头文件 相当于gcc/clang 中的-I(i的大写字母)参数include_directories(${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIR})include_directories(${GMOCK_INCLUDE_DIR})# 去哪里找库文件 .so .dll .dylib 相当于gcc 中的-L参数link_directories(${GTEST_LINK_DIR})link_directories(${GMOCK_LINK_DIR})

然后为每个test配上链接库即可.

例如,现在有个测试file,文件名为:了l1.cpp

那么在CmakeLists.txt中配置为:

add_executable(l1 l1.cpp)target_link_libraries(l1 gtest gtest_main)  

2.gtest之Helloworld

int main(int argc, char* argv[]){    // 接收命令行参数    testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);    vector x={1,2,3,5};    // EXPECT_EQ使用    for (int i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i)    {        EXPECT_EQ(x[i], 1) << "Vectors x and y differ at index " << i;    }    RUN_ALL_TESTS();      return 0;}

例如上述就是个完整的例子,每次运行:

testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);

然后使用:

RUN_ALL_TESTS();

运行所有的Test,每个Test编写参考后面断言.

我们看看运行效果:

l1.cpp:113: FailureExpected equality of these values:  x[i]    Which is: 2  1Vectors x and y differ at index 1l1.cpp:113: FailureExpected equality of these values:  x[i]    Which is: 3  1Vectors x and y differ at index 2l1.cpp:113: FailureExpected equality of these values:  x[i]    Which is: 5  1Vectors x and y differ at index 3[==========] Running 0 tests from 0 test cases.[==========] 0 tests from 0 test cases ran. (0 ms total)[  PASSED  ] 0 tests.[  FAILED  ] 0 tests, listed below: 0 FAILED TESTS

3.gtest初识之断言

关于断言Google包装了一系列EXPECTASSERT的宏,而EXPECT系列和ASSERT系列的区别是:

  • EXPECT  失败时,案例继续往下执行。

  • ASSERT 失败时,直接在当前函数中返回,当前函数中ASSERT后面的语句将不会执行。

例如:

TEST(ASSERTTest, ASSERT_VS_EXPECT){    ASSERT_TRUE(10<2);  // ASSERT失败,直接在当前函数中返回,后面语句不执行    ASSERT_FALSE(10<2);    EXPECT_EQ(6, Foo(310, 18));}

每个Test是个宏,Test底层源码如下:

# define TEST(test_case_name, test_name) GTEST_TEST(test_case_name, test_name)

对应test_case名与test名.

上述代码中10<2为False,而使用了ASSERT_TRUE,该Test后面所有内容就不会执行,如果换成EXPECT_TRUE则正常运行!

布尔值检查

Fatal assertion Nonfatal assertion Verifies
ASSERT_TRUE(condition); EXPECT_TRUE(condition); condition is true
ASSERT_FALSE(condition); EXPECT_FALSE(condition); condition is false

数值型数据检查

Fatal assertion Nonfatal assertion Verifies
ASSERT_EQ(expected,actual); EXPECT_EQ(expected,actual); expected == actual
ASSERT_NE(val1,val2); EXPECT_NE(val1,val2); val1 != val2
ASSERT_LT(val1,val2); EXPECT_LT(val1,val2); val1 < val2
ASSERT_LE(val1,val2); EXPECT_LE(val1,val2); val1 <= val2
ASSERT_GT(val1,val2); EXPECT_GT(val1,val2); val1 > val2
ASSERT_GE(val1,val2); EXPECT_GE(val1,val2); val1 >= val2

字符串检查

TEST(StringCmpTest, Demo){    char* pszCoderZh = "CoderZh";    wchar_t* wszCoderZh = L"CoderZh";    std::string strCoderZh = "CoderZh";    std::wstring wstrCoderZh = L"CoderZh";    EXPECT_STREQ("CoderZh", pszCoderZh);    EXPECT_STREQ(L"CoderZh", wszCoderZh);    EXPECT_STRNE("CnBlogs", pszCoderZh);    EXPECT_STRNE(L"CnBlogs", wszCoderZh);    EXPECT_STRCASEEQ("coderzh", pszCoderZh);    //EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(L"coderzh", wszCoderZh);    不支持    EXPECT_STREQ("CoderZh", strCoderZh.c_str());    EXPECT_STREQ(L"CoderZh", wstrCoderZh.c_str());}

其中STREQ和STRNE同时支持char和wchar_t类型的,STRCASEEQSTRCASENE却只接收char*

显示返回成功或失败

直接返回成功:SUCCEED();

返回失败:

Fatal assertion Nonfatal assertion
FAIL(); ADD_FAILURE();
// 返回成功与否TEST(ExplicitTest, Demo){    ADD_FAILURE() << "这行打印失败 Sorry"; // None Fatal Asserton,继续往下执行。    //FAIL(); // Fatal Assertion,不往下执行该案例。    EXPECT_TRUE(1==2)<<"1==2 failed!";      // 为了验证上述失败后是否执行下面    SUCCEED();}

异常检查

分为三个:

EXPECT_NO_THROW(statement);  不抛出异常

EXPECT_ANY_THROW(statement);抛出任意类型异常

EXPECT_THROW(statement, exception_type); 抛出指定类型异常

TEST(ExceptionTest,et) {    // 抛出任意类型异常    EXPECT_ANY_THROW(10/0); //Expected: 10/0 throws an exception.    // 抛出指定类型异常    EXPECT_THROW(1/0,int); //Expected: 1/0 throws an exception of type int.}

Predicate Assertions

检查一个函数的返回值TRUE还是FALSE时,希望能够输出传入的参数是什么,以便失败后好跟踪

例如:

// 预测断言bool MN(int m, int n){    return m>n;}//检查一个函数的返回值TRUE还是FALSE时,希望能够输出传入的参数是什么,以便失败后好跟踪TEST(PredicateAssertionTest, Demo){    int m = 5, n = 6;    EXPECT_PRED2(MN, m, n); //只提供<=5个参数  传递参数要与函数MN对应}

`EXPECT_PRED2(pred2, val1, val2);ASSERT类似.PRED2可以到PRED5

最多支持5个参数.

浮点型检查

EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual)EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual)

ASSERT类似.

对相近的两个数比较:

EXPECT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error);

ASSERT类似.

例如:

// 浮点型TEST(FloatDoubleTest,Demo) {    ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.1,1.1);    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.2,4.0);    EXPECT_NEAR(1.234,1.888,0.9);//    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::FloatLE, val1, val2);//    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::DoubleLE, val1, val2);    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::FloatLE,1,0);      // LE表示小于等于 也就是value1<=value2    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::DoubleLE,0.1,0.2);}

类型检查

// 类型检查template class Tt{public:    void foo() {        testing::StaticAssertTypeEq();     // 与下面调用一致就不报错,否则报错    }};TEST(TypeAssertionTest, Demo){    Tt tt;    tt.foo();}

学习参考自:https://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/04/06/1430364.html

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