RabbitMQ延迟队列

目录

介绍

使用场景

‍ 模拟案例

准备工作

写法一(死信队列TTL)

 RabbitMQ配置文件

 生产者

消费者

测试

写法二 (死信队列TTL)

 RabbitMQ配置文件

生产者

消费者

测试

写法三 (插件版本-推荐)

插件安装

RabbitMQ配置文件

生产者

消费者

测试

延迟队列方法推荐 


介绍

顾名思义:首先它要具有队列的特性,再给它附加一个延迟消费队列消息的功能,也就是说可以指定队列中的消息在哪个时间点被消费。

使用场景

  • 预支付订单创建成功后,30分钟后还没有支付,自动取消订单,修改订单状态
  • 用户注册成功后,如果3天没有登录则进行短信提醒
  • 优惠券过期前发送短信进行提醒
  • ....

以上场景都可以用延时队列来完成


‍ 模拟案例

需求:生产者发布消息,10秒、60秒后消费者拿到消息进行消费

准备工作

导入RabbitMQ依赖


    org.springframework.boot
    spring-boot-starter-amqp

 配置RabbitMQ连接相关信息

#MySQL
spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672 
    username: xxxx
    password: xxx

server:
  port: 8087

写法一(死信队列TTL)

生产者生产消息——>到交换机分发给对应的队列(A10秒过期,B60秒过期)——>过期后到死信交换机——>消费者进行消费(执行顺序如下图)RabbitMQ延迟队列_第1张图片

 RabbitMQ配置文件

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.util.HashMap;

/**
 * @author 小影
 * @create: 2022/8/18 10:26
 * @describe:mq配置 如示例图配置:2交换机、4队列、4路由key
 */
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfiguration {
   // 延迟交换机
   public static final String DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME = "delay.exchange";
   // 延迟队列
   public static final String DELAY_QUEUE_NAME_A = "delay.queue.a";
   public static final String DELAY_QUEUE_NAME_B = "delay.queue.b";
   // 延迟队列路由key
   public static final String DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY_A = "delay.routingKey.a";
   public static final String DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY_B = "delay.routingKey.b";

   // 死信交换机
   public static final String DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE_NAME = "dead.letter.exchange";
   // 死信队列
   public static final String DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_NAME_A = "dead.letter.queue.a";
   public static final String DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_NAME_B = "dead.letter.queue.b";
   // 私信队列路由key
   public static final String DEAD_LETTER_ROUTING_KEY_A = "dead.letter.delay_10s.routingkey.a";
   public static final String DEAD_LETTER_ROUTING_KEY_B = "dead.letter.delay_60s.routingkey.b";

   // 声明延迟交换机
   @Bean("delayExchange")
   public DirectExchange delayExchange() {
      return new DirectExchange(DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME);
   }

   // 声明死信交换机
   @Bean("deadLetterExchange")
   public DirectExchange deadLetterExchange() {
      return new DirectExchange(DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE_NAME);
   }

   // 声明延迟队列A,延迟10s,并且绑定到对应的死信交换机
   @Bean("delayQueueA")
   public Queue delayQueueA() {
      HashMap args = new HashMap<>();
      // 声明队列绑定的死信交换机
      args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE_NAME);
      // 声明队列的属性路由key
      args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", DEAD_LETTER_ROUTING_KEY_A);
      // 声明队列的消息TTL存活时间
      args.put("x-message-ttl", 10000);
      return QueueBuilder.durable(DELAY_QUEUE_NAME_A).withArguments(args).build();
   }

   // 声明延迟队列B,延迟60s,并且绑定到对应的死信交换机
   @Bean("delayQueueB")
   public Queue delayQueueB() {
      HashMap args = new HashMap<>();
      // 声明队列绑定的死信交换机
      args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE_NAME);
      // 声明队列的属性路由key
      args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", DEAD_LETTER_ROUTING_KEY_B);
      // 声明队列的消息TTL存活时间
      args.put("x-message-ttl", 60000);
      return QueueBuilder.durable(DELAY_QUEUE_NAME_B).withArguments(args).build();
   }

   // 声明死信队列A,用于接收延迟10S的消息
   @Bean("deadLetterQueueA")
   public Queue deadLetterQueueA() {
      return new Queue(DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_NAME_A);
   }

   // 声明死信队列B,用于接收延迟60S的消息
   @Bean("deadLetterQueueB")
   public Queue deadLetterQueueB() {
      return new Queue(DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_NAME_B);
   }

   // 设置延迟队列A的绑定关系
   @Bean
   public Binding delayBindingA(@Qualifier("delayQueueA") Queue queue,
                                @Qualifier("delayExchange") DirectExchange exchange) {
      return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY_A);
   }

   // 设置延迟队列B的绑定关系
   @Bean
   public Binding delayBindingB(@Qualifier("delayQueueB") Queue queue,
                                @Qualifier("delayExchange") DirectExchange exchange) {
      return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY_B);
   }

   // 设置死信队列A的绑定关系
   @Bean
   public Binding deadLetterBindingA(@Qualifier("deadLetterQueueA") Queue queue,
                                @Qualifier("deadLetterExchange") DirectExchange exchange) {
      return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(DEAD_LETTER_ROUTING_KEY_A);
   }
   // 设置死信队列B的绑定关系
   @Bean
   public Binding deadLetterBindingB(@Qualifier("deadLetterQueueB") Queue queue,
                                     @Qualifier("deadLetterExchange") DirectExchange exchange) {
      return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(DEAD_LETTER_ROUTING_KEY_B);
   }
}

此配置文件的代码关系图如下

RabbitMQ延迟队列_第2张图片

 生产者

import static com.ying.demo.config.RabbitMQConfiguration.DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME;
import static com.ying.demo.config.RabbitMQConfiguration.DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY_A;
import static com.ying.demo.config.RabbitMQConfiguration.DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY_B;
/**
 * @author 小影
 * @create: 2022/8/18 11:13
 * @describe:延迟消息生产者
 */
@Component
public class DelayMessageProducer {

   @Resource
   private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

   public void send(String message,int type) {
      switch (type){
         case 1: // 10s的消息
            // param:队列名称、路由key、消息
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME, DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY_A, message);
            break;
         case 2:// 60s的消息
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME, DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY_B, message);
            break;
      }
   }
}

消费者

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import static com.ying.demo.config.RabbitMQConfiguration.DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_NAME_A;
import static com.ying.demo.config.RabbitMQConfiguration.DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_NAME_B;

/**
 * @author 小影
 * @create: 2022/8/18 11:19
 * @describe:死信消费者
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class DeadLetterQueueConsumer {

   /**
    * 监听私信队列A
    * @param message
    * @param channel 作手动回执、确认
    */
   @RabbitListener(queues = DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_NAME_A)
   public void receiveA(Message message, Channel channel) {
      String msg = new String(message.getBody());
      log.info("当前时间:{},死信队列A收到消息:{}", LocalDateTime.now(),msg);
   }

   /**
    * 监听私信队列B
    * @param message
    * @param channel 作手动回执、确认
    */
   @RabbitListener(queues = DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_NAME_B)
   public void receiveB(Message message, Channel channel) {
      String msg = new String(message.getBody());
      log.info("当前时间:{},死信队列B收到消息:{}", LocalDateTime.now(),msg);
   }
}

测试

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("rabbitmq")
public class RabbitMqController {
   @Resource
   private DelayMessageProducer producer;

   @GetMapping("send")
   public void send(String message, Integer type) {
      log.info("当前时间:{},消息:{},延迟类型:{}", LocalDateTime.now(), message, Objects.requireNonNull(type));
      producer.send(message, type);
   }
}

分别请求

http://localhost:8089/rabbitmq/send?message=我是10秒&type=1

http://localhost:8089/rabbitmq/send?message=我是60秒&type=2

RabbitMQ延迟队列_第3张图片

如果出现异常:Channel shutdown: channel error; protocol method:#method(reply-code=406, reply-text=PRECONDITION_FAILED - inequivalent arg 'type' for exchange 'delay.exchange' in vhost '/': received ''x-delayed-message'' but current is 'direct', class-id=40, method-id=10

可能是mq已经存在交换机了先去删掉

弊端:后期要扩展其他不同延时的时间,就需要增加延时的配置,非常麻烦


写法二 (死信队列TTL)

生产者生产消息(并设置过期时间)——>到交换机分发给延迟队列——>过期后到死信交换机——>消费者进行消费(执行顺序如下图)

RabbitMQ延迟队列_第4张图片

 RabbitMQ配置文件

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.util.HashMap;

/**
 * @author 小影
 * @create: 2022/8/18 10:26
 * @describe:mq配置 如示例图配置:2交换机、2队列、2路由key
 */
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfiguration {
   // 延迟交换机
   public static final String DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME = "delay.exchange";
   // 延迟队列
   public static final String DELAY_QUEUE_NAME = "delay.queue";
   // 延迟队列路由key
   public static final String DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY = "delay.routingKey";

   // 死信交换机
   public static final String DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE_NAME = "dead.letter.exchange";
   // 死信队列
   public static final String DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_NAME = "dead.letter.queue";
   // 私信队列路由key
   public static final String DEAD_LETTER_ROUTING_KEY = "dead.letter.routingkey";

   // 声明延迟交换机
   @Bean("delayExchange")
   public DirectExchange delayExchange() {
      return new DirectExchange(DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME);
   }

   // 声明死信交换机
   @Bean("deadLetterExchange")
   public DirectExchange deadLetterExchange() {
      return new DirectExchange(DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE_NAME);
   }

   // 声明延迟队列,不设置存活时间,并且绑定到对应的死信交换机
   @Bean("delayQueue")
   public Queue delayQueue() {
      HashMap args = new HashMap<>();
      // 声明队列绑定的死信交换机
      args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE_NAME);
      // 声明队列的属性路由key
      args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", DEAD_LETTER_ROUTING_KEY);
      return QueueBuilder.durable(DELAY_QUEUE_NAME).withArguments(args).build();
   }


   // 声明死信队列
   @Bean("deadLetterQueue")
   public Queue deadLetterQueue() {
      return new Queue(DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_NAME);
   }


   // 设置延迟队列的绑定关系
   @Bean
   public Binding delayBinding(@Qualifier("delayQueue") Queue queue,
                               @Qualifier("delayExchange") DirectExchange exchange) {
      return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY);
   }


   // 设置死信队列的绑定关系
   @Bean
   public Binding deadLetterBinding(@Qualifier("deadLetterQueue") Queue queue,
                                    @Qualifier("deadLetterExchange") DirectExchange exchange) {
      return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(DEAD_LETTER_ROUTING_KEY);
   }

}

生产者

import static com.ying.demo.config.RabbitMQConfiguration.DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME;
import static com.ying.demo.config.RabbitMQConfiguration.DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY;
/**
 * @author 小影
 * @create: 2022/8/18 11:13
 * @describe:延迟消息生产者
 */
@Component
public class DelayMessageProducer {

   @Resource
   private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

   /**
    *
    * @param message 消息
    * @param delayTime 存活时间
    */
   public void send(String message,String delayTime) {
      // param:延迟交换机,路由KEY,存活时间
      rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME, DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY, message, msg -> {
         msg.getMessageProperties().setExpiration(delayTime);
         return msg;
      });
   }
}

消费者

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import static com.ying.demo.config.RabbitMQConfiguration.DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_NAME;

/**
 * @author 小影
 * @create: 2022/8/18 11:19
 * @describe:死信消费者
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class DeadLetterQueueConsumer {

   /**
    * 监听私信队列A
    * @param message
    * @param channel 作手动回执、确认
    */
   @RabbitListener(queues = DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_NAME)
   public void receiveA(Message message, Channel channel) {
      String msg = new String(message.getBody());
      log.info("当前时间:{},死信队列收到消息:{}", LocalDateTime.now(),msg);
   }

}

测试

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("rabbitmq")
public class RabbitMqController {
   @Resource
   private DelayMessageProducer producer;
   @GetMapping("send")
   public void send(String message, String delayTime) {
      log.info("当前时间:{},消息:{},存活时间:{}", LocalDateTime.now(), message, delayTime);
      producer.send(message, delayTime);

   }
}

分别请求

http://localhost:8089/rabbitmq/send?message=我是60秒&delayTime=60000

http://localhost:8089/rabbitmq/send?message=我是10秒&delayTime=10000

弊端:由于是先进先出的,如果60秒进去了,10秒在进去,10秒结束了,他要等60秒结束,60秒出来10秒才能出来


写法三 (插件版本-推荐)

安装插件后会生成新的Exchange类型 x-delayed-message ,该类型消息支持延迟投递机制,接收消息后并未立即将消息投递至目标队列,而是存储在mnesia(一个分布式数据库)中,随后检测消息延迟时间,如达到投递时间讲其通过 x-delayed-type 类型标记的交换机投至目标队列。 

RabbitMQ延迟队列_第5张图片

插件安装

1.进入mq官网社区插件:Community Plugins — RabbitMQ

2.找到rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange

RabbitMQ延迟队列_第6张图片

 选择对应版本的ez文件下载

 Releases · rabbitmq/rabbitmq-delayed-message-exchange · GitHub

 RabbitMQ延迟队列_第7张图片

 注:我的MQ是通过yum安装的

 1.在系统中查看安装的rabbitmq

rpm -qa |grep rabbitmq

 2.查询mq的安装的相关文件目录

rpm -ql rabbitmq-server-3.10.7-1.el8.noarch

RabbitMQ延迟队列_第8张图片

 翻到最下面发现mnesia的安装目录; mnesia=分布式数据库,看看就好

RabbitMQ延迟队列_第9张图片

 然后把我们下载的ez安装包解压放到 /usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-3.10.7/plugins 里面

3.重启RabbitMQ服务

systemctl restart rabbitmq-server.service

4.重启插件

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange

 RabbitMQ延迟队列_第10张图片


RabbitMQ配置文件

/**
 * @author 小影
 * @create: 2022/8/18 10:26
 * @describe:mq配置 如示例图配置:1交换机、1队列、1路由key
 */
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfiguration {
   // 延迟交换机
   public static final String DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME = "delay.exchange";
   // 延迟队列
   public static final String DELAY_QUEUE_NAME = "delay.queue";
   // 延迟队列路由key
   public static final String DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY = "delay.routingKey";

   // 声明延迟交换机
   @Bean("delayExchange")
   public CustomExchange delayExchange() {
      HashMap args = new HashMap<>();
      args.put("x-delayed-type", "direct");
      return new CustomExchange(DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME,"x-delayed-message",true,false,args);
   }


   // 声明延迟队列
   @Bean("delayQueue")
   public Queue delayQueue() {
      return new Queue(DELAY_QUEUE_NAME);
   }


   // 设置延迟队列的绑定关系
   @Bean
   public Binding delayBinding(@Qualifier("delayQueue") Queue queue,
                               @Qualifier("delayExchange") CustomExchange exchange) {
      return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY).noargs();
   }
}

生产者

import static com.ying.demo.config.RabbitMQConfiguration.DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME;
import static com.ying.demo.config.RabbitMQConfiguration.DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY;
/**
 * @author 小影
 * @create: 2022/8/18 11:13
 * @describe:延迟消息生产者
 */
@Component
public class DelayMessageProducer {

   @Resource
   private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

   /**
    *
    * @param message 消息
    * @param delayTime 存活时间
    */
   public void send(String message,Integer delayTime) {
      // param:延迟交换机,路由KEY,存活时间
      rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME, DELAY_QUEUE_ROUTING_KEY, message, msg -> {
         msg.getMessageProperties().setDelay(delayTime);
         return msg;
      });
   }
}

消费者

import static com.ying.demo.config.RabbitMQConfiguration.DELAY_QUEUE_NAME;

/**
 * @author 小影
 * @create: 2022/8/18 11:19
 * @describe:消费者
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class DeadLetterQueueConsumer {

   /*
    * 监听私信队列
    * @param message
    * @param channel 作手动回执、确认
    */
   @RabbitListener(queues = DELAY_QUEUE_NAME)
   public void receiveA(Message message, Channel channel) {
      String msg = new String(message.getBody());
      log.info("当前时间:{},延迟队列收到消息:{}", LocalDateTime.now(),msg);
   }

}

测试

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("rabbitmq")
public class RabbitMqController {
   @Resource
   private DelayMessageProducer producer;
   @GetMapping("send")
   public void send(String message, Integer delayTime) {
      log.info("当前时间:{},消息:{},存活时间:{}", LocalDateTime.now(), message, delayTime);
      producer.send(message, delayTime);

   }
}

启动项目查看rabbitmq的可视化界面

如下图此时生成的交换机是x-delayed-message类型的

RabbitMQ延迟队列_第11张图片

 分别发送:

http://localhost:8089/rabbitmq/send?message=我是60秒&delayTime=60000

http://localhost:8089/rabbitmq/send?message=我是10秒&delayTime=10000

RabbitMQ延迟队列_第12张图片

 结局并不是60秒先被消费,完成了我们的意愿。

原理:

  1. 交换机里面有个数据库,生产者生产信息把这个信息放入数据库中
  2. 交换机里面的插件就会一直监听这个时间
  3. 时间到了把对应数据取出来,放入队列,让消费者进行消费

延迟队列方法推荐 

RabbitMQ延迟队列_第13张图片

 这是小编在开发学习使用和总结,  这中间或许也存在着不足,希望可以得到大家的理解和建议。如有侵权联系小编!

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