【物理应用】基于Matlab模拟杨氏双孔干涉实验

1 内容介绍

根据光的双缝干涉实验理论,利用MATLAB编写程序对双缝干涉实验进行模拟,绘制出双缝干涉的图样和光强分布曲线,并且同步计算出相应的条纹间距和对比度,直观地展现了单色光的双缝干涉这一物理现象,实验结果与实际计算结果一致,为双缝干涉的理论与实验提供了有效的支持.

2 部分代码

function varargout = ganshe(varargin)

% GANSHE M-file for ganshe.fig

%      GANSHE, by itself, creates a new GANSHE or raises the existing

%      singleton*.

%

%      H = GANSHE returns the handle to a new GANSHE or the handle to

%      the existing singleton*.

%

%      GANSHE('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local

%      function named CALLBACK in GANSHE.M with the given input arguments.

%

%      GANSHE('Property','Value',...) creates a new GANSHE or raises the

%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are

%      applied to the GUI before ganshe_OpeningFcn gets called.  An

%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application

%      stop.  All inputs are passed to ganshe_OpeningFcn via varargin.

%

%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one

%      instance to run (singleton)".

%

% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help ganshe

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 21-Jun-2014 11:31:04

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

gui_Singleton = 1;

gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...

                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...

                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @ganshe_OpeningFcn, ...

                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @ganshe_OutputFcn, ...

                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...

                   'gui_Callback',   []);

if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})

    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});

end

if nargout

    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});

else

    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});

end

% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

% --- Executes just before ganshe is made visible.

function ganshe_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)

% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.

% hObject    handle to figure

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% varargin   command line arguments to ganshe (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for ganshe

handles.output = hObject;

% Update handles structure

guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes ganshe wait for user response (see UIRESUME)

% uiwait(handles.figure1);

% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.

function varargout = ganshe_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) 

% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);

% hObject    handle to figure

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure

varargout{1} = handles.output;

function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text

%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.

%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.

if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))

    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');

end

function edit2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit2 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit2 as text

%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit2 as a double

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

function edit2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit2 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.

%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.

if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))

    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');

end

function edit3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit3 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit3 as text

%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit3 as a double

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

function edit3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit3 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.

%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.

if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))

    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');

end

function edit4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit4 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit4 as text

%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit4 as a double

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

function edit4_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit4 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.

%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.

if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))

    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

function edit6_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit6 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.

%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.

if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))

    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');

end

function edit7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit7 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit7 as text

%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit7 as a double

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

function edit7_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit7 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.

%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.

if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))

    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');

end

function edit8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit8 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit8 as text

%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit8 as a double

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

function edit8_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit8 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.

%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.

if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))

    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');

end

function edit9_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit9 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit9 as text

%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit9 as a double

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

function edit9_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit9 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.

%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.

if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))

    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');

end

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.

function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

%读入实验参数

lambda=str2num(get(handles.edit1,'string'))*1e-9;  %读入波长

d=str2num(get(handles.edit2,'string'))*1e-3;       %读入孔距

D=str2num(get(handles.edit3,'string'));            %读入观察屏距离

%读入观察范围参数

xa=str2num(get(handles.edit4,'string'));     %最小的横坐标值

xb=str2num(get(handles.edit5,'string'));     %最大的横坐标值

n1=str2num(get(handles.edit6,'string'));     %x方向等分份数

ya=str2num(get(handles.edit7,'string'));     %最小的纵坐标值

yb=str2num(get(handles.edit8,'string'));     %最大的纵坐标值

n2=str2num(get(handles.edit9,'string'));     %y方向等分份数

k=2*pi/lambda;          %计算波数

x=linspace(xa,xb,n1);   %x坐标

y=linspace(ya,yb,n2);   %y坐标

[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);

r1=sqrt((x-d/2).^2+y.^2+D^2);

r2=sqrt((x+d/2).^2+y.^2+D^2);

I=(cos(k*r1)./r1+cos(k*r2)./r2).^2+(sin(k*r1)./r1+sin(k*r2)./r2).^2;

I=I/(max(max(I))); 

I=I*255;

axes(handles.axes1)

x=linspace(xa,xb,n1);

y=linspace(ya,yb,n2);

image(x,y,I)

colormap(gray(255))

xlabel('x (m)')

ylabel('y (m)')

title('杨氏双孔干涉条纹')

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.

function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton3.

function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

3 运行结果

4 参考文献

[1]盛虹. 基于MATLAB的杨氏双缝干涉实验模拟[J]. 河南科学, 2010, 28(6):3.

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