OOCamp--测试驱动开发

   现在有类似这样一个需求:需要提供一个简单类库,以供其他开发者调用。现在进行Tasking,最简单的需求,这个类中应该拥有一个value记录长度值,也应该有一个单位unit来记录相应的单位,对于一个length对象来说,用户只关心我拿到这个对象后怎么用,比如,我两个对象可以比较是否相等,是否可以相加,对于其length的value和unit来说,也许用户并不关心他们的行为(至少现在是这样的),所以完全没必要为也不应该其提供相应的getter/setter 方法。现在我们来实现两个Length对象比较是否相等的行为。

  下面的测试用例我们很容易想到:
  1. 1m = 1m
  2. 1m = 100cm
  3. 1m != 2m
  4. 1m = 1000mm

   接着我们就需要开始写测试代码了:
import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
public class LengthTest {

    @Test
    public void should_1_m_equals_1_m(){
        Length length1 = new Length(1,"m");
        Length length2 = new Length(1,"m");
        assertThat(length1.equals(length2),is(true));
    }
}

这时候编译是不通过的,因为我们就没有Length类,不过IDE能够很快的帮我们完成这件事儿,创建号Length类以后呢,跑测试,失败了。看来我们需要重写equals方法,为了让测试通过,我们可以先最简单的实现equals方法,代码如下:
public class Length {

    private int value;
    private String unit;
    public Length(int value, String unit) {
        this.value = value;
        this.unit = unit;
    }
    
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj){
        Length anotherLength = (Length) obj;
        return (this.unit.equals(anotherLength.unit)&&this.value == anotherLength.value);
    }

}


好,接下来我们继续第二个测试用例:
  @Test
    public void should_1m_equals_100_cm(){
        Length length1 = new Length(1,"m");
        Length length2 = new Length(100,"cm");
        assertThat(length1.equals(length2),is(true));
        
    }

跑测试,失败。继续改equals方法:
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj){
        Length anotherLength = (Length) obj;
        if(anotherLength.unit.equals("cm")){
            return this.value * 100 == anotherLength.value;
        }
        return (this.unit.equals(anotherLength.unit)&&this.value == anotherLength.value);
    }

运行,成功,然后依次类推,将余下的测试按照刚才的模式写完:
package com.lee.oocamp.blog;


import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
public class LengthTest {

    @Test
    public void should_1_m_equals_1_m(){
        Length length1 = new Length(1,"m");
        Length length2 = new Length(1,"m");
        assertThat(length1.equals(length2),is(true));
    }
    
    @Test
    public void should_1_m_equals_100_cm(){
        Length length1 = new Length(1,"m");
        Length length2 = new Length(100,"cm");
        assertThat(length1.equals(length2),is(true));
        
    }
    @Test
    public void should_1_m_not_equal_2_m(){
        Length length1 = new Length(1,"m");
        Length length2 = new Length(2,"m");
        assertThat(length1.equals(length2),is(false));
        
    }
    @Test
    public void should_1_m_equals_1000_mm(){
        Length length1 = new Length(1,"m");
        Length length2 = new Length(1000,"mm");
        assertThat(length1.equals(length2),is(true));
        
    }
}

Length类中的equals方法代码:
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj){
        Length anotherLength = (Length) obj;
        if(anotherLength.unit.equals("cm")){
            return this.value * 100 == anotherLength.value;
        }else if(anotherLength.unit.equals("mm")){
            return this.value * 1000 == anotherLength.value;
        }else{
            return this.value*1 == anotherLength.value;
        }
    }

运行单元测试,全部通过。兴奋之余,似乎少了些什么?是的!1m=100cm正确,但是验证100cm=1m了么?1000mm = 1m 似乎也没有验证?继续添加测试用例:

@Test
    public void should_1000_mm_equals_1_m(){
        Length length1 = new Length(1000,"mm");
        Length length2 = new Length(1,"m");
        assertThat(length1.equals(length2),is(true));
    }
    
    @Test
    public void should_100_cm_equals_1_m(){
        Length length1 = new Length(100,"cm");
        Length length2 = new Length(1,"m");
        assertThat(length1.equals(length2),is(true));
    }
    

运行,测试失败。为什么呢?因为我们只对this.value 做了从m向其他单位的转换,却并没有做从mm或cm向其他单位的转换。继续修改我们的实现代码,我们要让测试全部通过!

这时,我们想,我们既要由m向mm转换,又要由mm向m转换,为什么不在生成对象的时候就全部实现统一的转换呢?顺着这个思路我们可以继续往下走,由于有单元测试做保证,所以我们可以随意修改我们的实现。但是记着,改动不要太大,时刻记着运行单元测试,小步快跑是测试驱动开发的秘笈。

修改后Length代码如下:
public class Length {

    private int value;
    private String unit;
    public Length(int value, String unit) {
        this.value = getValue(unit,value);
        this.unit = unit;
    }
    
    private int getValue(String unit, int value) {
        int result = 0;
        if(unit.equals("m")){
            result = value * 1000;
        }else if(unit.equals("cm")){
            result = value * 10;
        }else if(unit.equals("mm")){
            result = value * 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj){
        Length anotherLength = (Length) obj;
       return this.value == anotherLength.value;
    }

}

运行测试用例,全部通过!说明我们的测试是可行的,实现也是正确的。但是不和谐的因素出现了,在getValue中有太多的if-else 了!一个有良好设计风格的程序员肯定会想方设法的去消灭这些if-else。 好,我们继续重构(别忘了,我们有充分的单元测试做保证,因为我们的代码是由测试驱动出来的,只要测试通过了,代码就没问题,所以不要担心会把功能重构丢了。)getValue中的unit其实可以用枚举变量来代替,重构后代码清单如下:
Length类:
public class Length {

    private int value;
    private Length() { 
        
    }

    public static Length createLength(int value, UNIT unit) {
        Length length = new Length();
        length.value = unit.getTheValue(value);
        
        return length;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj){
        boolean result = false;
        Length anotherLength = (Length) obj;
        result = this.value == anotherLength.value;
        return result;
    }
}

枚举UNIT:
public enum UNIT {
    M(1000),CM(10),MM(1);
    int radio;
    
    UNIT(int radio){
        this.radio = radio;
    }
    
    public int getTheValue(int value) {
        int result = value * this.radio;
        return result;
    }
}

当然,由于构造器设置为了私有的,Length由简单对象工程来生成,我们也需要修改我们相应的单元测试用例。修改完成后我们发现测试类中也存在大量重复性代码,是时候对测试类进行重构了,重构后代码如下:
import org.junit.Test;

import com.lee.oocamp.Length;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
public class LengthTest {

    @Test
    public void should_1_m_equals_1_m(){
        compareTwoLengthObj(1,UNIT.M,1,UNIT.M,true);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void should_1_m_not_equal_2m(){
        compareTwoLengthObj(1,UNIT.M,2,UNIT.M,false);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void should_1_m_not_equal_1cm(){
        compareTwoLengthObj(1,UNIT.M,1,UNIT.CM,false);
    }

    @Test
    public void should_1_m_equals_100cm(){
        compareTwoLengthObj(1, UNIT.M, 100, UNIT.CM ,true);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void should_1_m_equals_1000mm(){
        compareTwoLengthObj(1, UNIT.M, 1000, UNIT.MM ,true);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void should_100_cm_equals_1m(){
        compareTwoLengthObj(100, UNIT.CM, 1, UNIT.M ,true);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void should_1000_mm_equals_1m(){
        compareTwoLengthObj(1000, UNIT.MM, 1, UNIT.M ,true);
    }
    @Test
    public void should_2000_mm_not_equals_1m(){
        compareTwoLengthObj(2000, UNIT.MM, 1, UNIT.M ,false);
    }
    
    private void compareTwoLengthObj(int valueOfLength1,UNIT unitOfLength1,int valueOfLength2,UNIT unitOfLength2,boolean expect) {
        Length length1 = Length.createLength(valueOfLength1,unitOfLength1);
        Length length2 = Length.createLength(valueOfLength2,unitOfLength2);
        assertThat(length1.equals(length2),is(expect));
    }
    
}

即使又新加了几个测试用例,是不是看着也更清爽了呢?

end。

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