MySQL5.7安装操作手册

MySQL5.7安装操作手册

下载源码：[MySQL安装包](MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server)

安装指南：MySQL安装指南

官方文档：MySQL官方文档

OS环境:（操作系统最小化安装，并且安装开发工具包）

# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 

1、更改HOSTNAME

hostnamectl set-hostname <host_name>

2、配置HOSTNAME解析

vi /etc/hosts

追加以下内容：

<IP> <HOSTNAME>

3、关闭防火墙及selinux

（1）关闭防火墙：

1. 防火墙状态：

   # systemctl status firewalld.service
   

2. 关闭防火墙：

   #关闭防火墙：（临时关闭）
   systemctl stop firewalld.service
   #禁用防火墙：（永久关闭，需要重启生效）
   systemctl disable firewalld.service
   

   #禁用防火墙输出如下：
   Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
   Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
   

3. 修改后查看防火墙状态：

   # systemctl list-unit-files|grep firewalld.service
   firewalld.service                             disabled
   

（2）关闭selinux：

1. 查看selinux状态：

   getenforce
   

2. 临时关闭selinux：

   setenforce 0
   

3. 禁用selinux：

   vi /etc/selinux/config
   

   更改SELINUX=disabled（重启后生效）

   # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
   # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
   #     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
   #     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
   #     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
   SELINUX=disabled
   # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
   #     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
   #     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
   SELINUXTYPE=targeted
   

4、创建用户组

groupadd -g 1000 mysql
useradd -u 1000 -g mysql -d /home/mysql mysql

5、创建目录

mkdir /data
mkdir /mysql
chown mysql:mysql /data
chown mysql:mysql /mysql
chmod 750 /data
chmod 750 /mysql

6、配置YUM

备份配置文件

cd /etc/yum.repos.d
mkdir repo
mv ./*.repo ./repo

创建yum配置文件

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/centos_7.6.repo

添加以下内容

[CentOS7.6]
name=CentOS7.6_YUM
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

创建挂载目录并清理YUM缓存

mkdir /mnt/cdrom
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom
yum clean all

7、安装依赖包

yum install -y libaio ntp nmap-ncat net-tools lsof

8、配置时钟同步（NTP）

1. 启动NTP服务：

   systemctl start ntpd
   

2. 开机自启动：

   systemctl enable ntpd.service
   

3. 编辑ntp.conf，注释 server 0. 1. 2.等等：

   vi /etc/ntp.conf
   

4. 增加以下内容：(时钟同步服务器IP)：

   server <GATEWAY_IP> iburst
   

5. 启用NTP微调：

   vi /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
   

   编辑以上文件，添加 **-x **如下：

   # Command line options for ntpd
   OPTIONS="-x -g"
   

6. 重启NTP服务：

   systemctl restart ntpd.service
   

7. 查看NTP同步:

   ntpq -p
   

8. 查看NTP状态：

   systemctl status ntpd
   

9. 关闭并禁用chronyd服务：

   systemctl stop chronyd.service
   systemctl disable chronyd.service
   

   不禁用在重启系统时自动启动会导致ntpd服务无法启动

9、配置环境变量

su - mysql
vi ~/.bash_profile

export MYSQL_HOME=/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

使环境变量生效

source  ~/.bash_profile

10、解压安装包

上传安装包（mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz）到/mysql目录下，使用mysql用户进行安装操作

cd /mysql
tar -zxvf /mysql/mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
mv ./* /mysql
rm -rf /mysql/mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
rm -rf /mysql/mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

11、创建my.cnf文件

mkdir /mysql/etc
cp /etc/my.cnf /mysql/etc/my.cnf

vi /mysql/etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
user= mysql
port= 3306
server_id= 11
character_set_server= utf8mb4
basedir= /mysql
datadir= /data
socket= /mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links= 0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error= /mysql/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file= /mysql/mariadb/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

12、创建日志文件

mkdir -p /mysql/mariadb
touch /mysql/mariadb/mariadb.log

14、创建PID文件

touch /mysql/mariadb/mariadb.pid

15、初始化数据库

（1）初始化数据库

（指定my.cnf文件）

$ mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
2022-09-04T07:06:35.113493Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)
2022-09-04T07:06:35.113597Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000)
2022-09-04T07:06:35.113737Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-09-04T07:06:35.379994Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-09-04T07:06:35.429408Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-09-04T07:06:35.490945Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 1cf778b0-2c20-11ed-b711-000c29217f4f.
2022-09-04T07:06:35.492421Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-09-04T07:06:36.009198Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-09-04T07:06:36.009249Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-09-04T07:06:36.009869Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-09-04T07:06:36.310190Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: !d2:asJ&NADn

$ mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/data --uid=mysql
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
...+++
.+++
writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
...................................+++
.........................................+++
writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
......+++
..............................................................+++
writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'
-----

（2）启动数据库

$ mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql &
[1] 20834 2022-09-04T07:07:31.473677Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/mysql/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
2022-09-04T07:07:31.525748Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data

（3）登录数据库

$ mysql -uroot -p -S /mysql/mysql.sock
Enter password:

初次登录需要输入密码，改密码在初始化数据库时候生成“)3QI#e&YEm/Z”

$ mysql -uroot -p -S /mysql/mysql.sock
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.35

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

（4）修改用户密码

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

（5）查看数据库版本

mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.35    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

16、将MySQL添加到server

（root执行）：

cp /mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig --add mysqld

编辑配置文件：

vi /etc/init.d/mysql.server

修改以下内容：

basedir=/mysql
datadir=/data

重新加载daemon

systemctl daemon-reload

17、MySQL服务的停启

1、启动MySQL服务

1、系统命令
systemctl start mysqld

service mysql.server start

2、mysql命令
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql &

mysqld_safe是一个shell 脚本，会调用mysqld启动mysql服务器，并监听服务器。 如果mysqld进程异常终止，mysqld_safe将自动重启mysqld

注意：使用非默认路径的参数文件可以使用–defaults-file参数

2、关闭MySQL服务

1、系统命令
systemctl stop mysqld

service mysql.server stop

2、mysql命令
mysqladmin -uroot -p -S/mysql/mysql.sock shutdown 

注意 ：socket路径按照实际环境设置