docker-compose 部署prometheus + grafana

通过docker-compose部署prometheus、node-exporter、alertmanager和grafana。prometheus最新版本：2.19.2

mkdir -p /home/prom/{prometheus,prometheus/data,alertmanager,grafana}

chmod 777 /home/prom/{prometheus/data,grafana}

cd /home/prom

tree .

.
├── alertmanager
│   ├── alertmanager.yml
│   └── config.yml
├── docker-compose.yml
├── grafana
└── prometheus
    ├── alert-rules.yml
    ├── data
    └── prometheus.yml

4 directories, 5 files

---

Prometheus

vim /home/prom/prometheus/alert-rules.yml

groups:
  - name: node-alert
    rules:
    - alert: NodeDown
      expr: up{job="node"} == 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: critical
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} down"
        description: "Instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 已经宕机 5分钟"
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        
    - alert: NodeCpuHigh
      expr: (1 - avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node",mode="idle"}[5m]))) * 100 > 80
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} cpu使用率过高"
        description: "CPU 使用率超过 80%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeCpuIowaitHigh
      expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node",mode="iowait"}[5m])) * 100 > 50
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} cpu iowait 使用率过高"
        description: "CPU iowait 使用率超过 50%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeLoad5High
      expr: node_load5 > (count by (instance) (node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node",mode='system'})) * 1.2
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} load(5m) 过高"
        description: "Load(5m) 过高，超出cpu核数 1.2倍"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeMemoryHigh
      expr: (1 - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="node"} / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node"}) * 100 > 90
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} memory 使用率过高"
        description: "Memory 使用率超过 90%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeDiskRootHigh
      expr: (1 - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/"}) * 100 > 90
      for: 10m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk(/ 分区) 使用率过高"
        description: "Disk(/ 分区) 使用率超过 90%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeDiskBootHigh
      expr: (1 - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/boot"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/boot"}) * 100 > 80
      for: 10m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk(/boot 分区) 使用率过高"
        description: "Disk(/boot 分区) 使用率超过 80%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeDiskReadHigh
      expr: irate(node_disk_read_bytes_total{job="node"}[5m]) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2)
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk 读取字节数 速率过高"
        description: "Disk 读取字节数 速率超过 20 MB/s"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeDiskWriteHigh
      expr: irate(node_disk_written_bytes_total{job="node"}[5m]) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2)
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk 写入字节数 速率过高"
        description: "Disk 写入字节数 速率超过 20 MB/s"
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        
    - alert: NodeDiskReadRateCountHigh
      expr: irate(node_disk_reads_completed_total{job="node"}[5m]) > 3000
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk iops 每秒读取速率过高"
        description: "Disk iops 每秒读取速率超过 3000 iops"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeDiskWriteRateCountHigh
      expr: irate(node_disk_writes_completed_total{job="node"}[5m]) > 3000
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk iops 每秒写入速率过高"
        description: "Disk iops 每秒写入速率超过 3000 iops"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeInodeRootUsedPercentHigh
      expr: (1 - node_filesystem_files_free{job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/"} / node_filesystem_files{job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/"}) * 100 > 80
      for: 10m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk(/ 分区) inode 使用率过高"
        description: "Disk (/ 分区) inode 使用率超过 80%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeInodeBootUsedPercentHigh
      expr: (1 - node_filesystem_files_free{job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/boot"} / node_filesystem_files{job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/boot"}) * 100 > 80
      for: 10m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk(/boot 分区) inode 使用率过高"
        description: "Disk (/boot 分区) inode 使用率超过 80%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        
    - alert: NodeFilefdAllocatedPercentHigh
      expr: node_filefd_allocated{job="node"} / node_filefd_maximum{job="node"} * 100 > 80
      for: 10m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} filefd 打开百分比过高"
        description: "Filefd 打开百分比 超过 80%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeNetworkNetinBitRateHigh
      expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]) * 8) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2) * 8
      for: 3m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} network 接收比特数 速率过高"
        description: "Network 接收比特数 速率超过 20MB/s"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeNetworkNetoutBitRateHigh
      expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]) * 8) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2) * 8
      for: 3m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} network 发送比特数 速率过高"
        description: "Network 发送比特数 速率超过 20MB/s"
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        
    - alert: NodeNetworkNetinPacketErrorRateHigh
      expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_receive_errs_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m])) > 15
      for: 3m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 接收错误包 速率过高"
        description: "Network 接收错误包 速率超过 15个/秒"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeNetworkNetoutPacketErrorRateHigh
      expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_transmit_packets_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m])) > 15
      for: 3m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 发送错误包 速率过高"
        description: "Network 发送错误包 速率超过 15个/秒"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeProcessBlockedHigh
      expr: node_procs_blocked{job="node"} > 10
      for: 10m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 当前被阻塞的任务的数量过多"
        description: "Process 当前被阻塞的任务的数量超过 10个"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeTimeOffsetHigh
      expr: abs(node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node"}) > 3 * 60
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: info
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 时间偏差过大"
        description: "Time 节点的时间偏差超过 3m"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

vim /home/prom/prometheus/prometheus.yml

global:
  scrape_interval:     15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s

alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      - alertmanager:9093

rule_files:
  - "*rules.yml"
  
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['prometheus:9090']

  - job_name: 'node'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['node-exporter:9100']

  - job_name: 'alertmanager'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['alertmanager:9093']

---

Alertmanager

vim /home/prom/alertmanager/config.yml

targets:
  webhook:
    url: https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxxxxxxxxxxx             #修改为钉钉机器人的webhook
    mention:
      all: true

vim /home/prom/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml

global:
  resolve_timeout: 5m
  smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.163.com:465'             #邮箱smtp服务器代理，启用SSL发信, 端口一般是465
  smtp_from: '[email protected]'              #发送邮箱名称
  smtp_auth_username: '[email protected]'              #邮箱名称
  smtp_auth_password: 'password'                #邮箱密码或授权码
  smtp_require_tls: false

route:
  receiver: 'default'
  group_wait: 10s
  group_interval: 1m
  repeat_interval: 1h
  group_by: ['alertname']

inhibit_rules:
- source_match:
    severity: 'critical'
  target_match:
    severity: 'warning'
  equal: ['alertname', 'instance']
  
receivers:
- name: 'default'
  email_configs:
  - to: '[email protected]'
    send_resolved: true
  webhook_configs:
  - url: 'http://dingtalk:8060/dingtalk/webhook/send'
    send_resolved: true

---

docker-compose.yml

vim /home/prom/docker-compose.yml

version: '3.7'

services:
  node-exporter:
    image: prom/node-exporter:latest
    ports:
      - "9100:9100"
    networks:
      - prom

  dingtalk:
    image: timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk:latest
    volumes:
      - type: bind
        source: ./alertmanager/config.yml
        target: /etc/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/config.yml
        read_only: true
    ports:
      - "8060:8060"
    networks:
      - prom

  alertmanager:
    depends_on:
      - dingtalk
    image: prom/alertmanager:latest
    volumes:
      - type: bind
        source: ./alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
        target: /etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
        read_only: true
    ports:
      - "9093:9093"
      - "9094:9094"
    networks:
      - prom

  prometheus:
    depends_on:
      - alertmanager
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    volumes:
      - type: bind
        source: ./prometheus/prometheus.yml
        target: /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
        read_only: true
      - type: bind
        source: ./prometheus/alert-rules.yml
        target: /etc/prometheus/alert-rules.yml
        read_only: true
      - type: volume
        source: prometheus
        target: /prometheus
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    networks:
      - prom

  grafana:
    depends_on:
      - prometheus
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    volumes:
      - type: volume
        source: grafana
        target: /var/lib/grafana
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    networks:
      - prom

volumes:
  prometheus:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      o: bind
      device: /home/prom/prometheus/data
  grafana:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      o: bind
      device: /home/prom/grafana
      
networks:
  prom:
    driver: bridge

docker-compose up -d

docker-compose ps

        Name                      Command               State                       Ports                     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
prom_alertmanager_1    /bin/alertmanager --config ...   Up      0.0.0.0:9093->9093/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9094->9094/tcp
prom_dingtalk_1        /bin/prometheus-webhook-di ...   Up      0.0.0.0:8060->8060/tcp                        
prom_grafana_1         /run.sh                          Up      0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp                        
prom_node-exporter_1   /bin/node_exporter               Up      0.0.0.0:9100->9100/tcp                        
prom_prometheus_1      /bin/prometheus --config.f ...   Up      0.0.0.0:9090->9090/tcp

docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                              NAMES
c1ec4cc9c41f        grafana/grafana:latest                         "/run.sh"                36 seconds ago      Up 36 seconds       0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp             prom_grafana_1
8cd521c327d8        prom/prometheus:latest                         "/bin/prometheus --c…"   37 seconds ago      Up 36 seconds       0.0.0.0:9090->9090/tcp             prom_prometheus_1
ef93c8c06ca0        prom/alertmanager:latest                       "/bin/alertmanager -…"   37 seconds ago      Up 37 seconds       0.0.0.0:9093-9094->9093-9094/tcp   prom_alertmanager_1
d358a2a39b8d        timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk:latest   "/bin/prometheus-web…"   38 seconds ago      Up 37 seconds       0.0.0.0:8060->8060/tcp             prom_dingtalk_1
366ff81e7a65        prom/node-exporter:latest                      "/bin/node_exporter"     38 seconds ago      Up 37 seconds       0.0.0.0:9100->9100/tcp             prom_node-exporter_1

容器启动正常，访问ip:9090，

访问ip:3000，

可以看到，prometheus各组件状态正常。

---

node-exporter

其实node-exporter不需要通过docker-compose启动，对于每个要监控的主机，直接docker启动node-exporter：

docker pull prom/node-exporter:latest

docker run -d -p 9100:9100 --name node-exporter prom/node-exporter:latest

之后修改prometheus.yml，重启所有容器：

docker-compose restart

---

测试告警

docker stop prom_node-exporter_1

docker-compose ps

        Name                      Command               State                        Ports                     
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
prom_alertmanager_1    /bin/alertmanager --config ...   Up       0.0.0.0:9093->9093/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9094->9094/tcp
prom_dingtalk_1        /bin/prometheus-webhook-di ...   Up       0.0.0.0:8060->8060/tcp                        
prom_grafana_1         /run.sh                          Up       0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp                        
prom_node-exporter_1   /bin/node_exporter               Exit 2                                                 
prom_prometheus_1      /bin/prometheus --config.f ...   Up       0.0.0.0:9090->9090/tcp

收到钉钉和邮件故障告警，

docker start prom_node-exporter_1

docker-compose ps

        Name                      Command               State                       Ports                     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
prom_alertmanager_1    /bin/alertmanager --config ...   Up      0.0.0.0:9093->9093/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9094->9094/tcp
prom_dingtalk_1        /bin/prometheus-webhook-di ...   Up      0.0.0.0:8060->8060/tcp                        
prom_grafana_1         /run.sh                          Up      0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp                        
prom_node-exporter_1   /bin/node_exporter               Up      0.0.0.0:9100->9100/tcp                        
prom_prometheus_1      /bin/prometheus --config.f ...   Up      0.0.0.0:9090->9090/tcp

收到钉钉和邮件恢复告警，

测试宕机完成，告警没有问题。

docker-compose部署 prometheus + grafana 完成，整个部署过程相比传统部署方式要简便很多。已存放至个人github：docker-compose

---