使用Swagger你只需要按照它的规范去定义接口及接口相关的信息。再通过Swagger衍生出来的一系列项目和工具,就可以做到生成各种格式的接口文档,生成多种语言的客户端和服务端的代码,以及在线接口调试页面等等。这样,如果按照新的开发模式,在开发新版本或者迭代版本的时候,只需要更新Swagger描述文件,就可以自动生成接口文档和客户端服务端代码,做到调用端代码、服务端代码以及接口文档的一致性。
为了简化swagger的使用,Spring框架对swagger进行了整合,建立了Spring-swagger项目,后面改成了现在的Springfox。通过在项目中引入Springfox,可以扫描相关的代码,生成描述文件,进而生成与代码一致的接口文档和客户端代码。
Springfox对应的maven坐标如下:
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfoxgroupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-uiartifactId>
<version>2.9.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfoxgroupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2artifactId>
<version>2.9.2version>
dependency>
注解 | 说明 |
---|---|
@Api | 用在请求的类上,例如Controller,表示对类的说明 |
@ApiModel | 用在类上,通常是实体类,表示一个返回响应数据的信息 |
@ApiModelProperty | 用在属性上,描述响应类的属性 |
@ApiOperation | 用在请求的方法上,说明方法的用途、作用 |
@ApiImplicitParams | 用在请求的方法上,表示一组参数说明 |
@ApiImplicitParam | 用在@ApiImplicitParams注解中,指定一个请求参数的各个方面 |
第一步:创建maven工程swagger_demo并配置pom.xml文件
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASEversion>
<relativePath/>
parent>
<groupId>cn.itcastgroupId>
<artifactId>swagger_demoartifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
<name>swagger_demoname>
<description>Demo project for Spring Bootdescription>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8java.version>
properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfoxgroupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-uiartifactId>
<version>2.9.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfoxgroupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2artifactId>
<version>2.9.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
<artifactId>lombokartifactId>
dependency>
dependencies>
project>
第二步:创建application.yml文件
server:
port: 9000
第三步: 创建实体类User和Menu
package cn.itcast.entity;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
@ApiModel(description = "用户实体")
public class User {
@ApiModelProperty(value = "主键")
private int id;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "姓名")
private String name;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "年龄")
private int age;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "地址")
private String address;
}
package cn.itcast.entity;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
@ApiModel(description = "菜单实体")
public class Menu {
@ApiModelProperty(value = "主键")
private int id;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "菜单名称")
private String name;
}
第四步:创建UserController和MenuController
package cn.itcast.controller.user;
import cn.itcast.entity.User;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParams;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
@Api(tags = "用户控制器")
public class UserController {
@GetMapping("/getUsers")
@ApiOperation(value = "查询所有用户", notes = "查询所有用户信息")
public List<User> getAllUsers(){
User user = new User();
user.setId(100);
user.setName("itcast");
user.setAge(20);
user.setAddress("bj");
List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(user);
return list;
}
@PostMapping("/save")
@ApiOperation(value = "新增用户", notes = "新增用户信息")
public String save(@RequestBody User user){
return "OK";
}
@PutMapping("/update")
@ApiOperation(value = "修改用户", notes = "修改用户信息")
public String update(@RequestBody User user){
return "OK";
}
@DeleteMapping("/delete")
@ApiOperation(value = "删除用户", notes = "删除用户信息")
public String delete(int id){
return "OK";
}
@ApiImplicitParams({
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "pageNum", value = "页码",
required = true, type = "Integer"),
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "pageSize", value = "每页条数",
required = true, type = "Integer"),
})
@ApiOperation(value = "分页查询用户信息")
@GetMapping(value = "page/{pageNum}/{pageSize}")
public String findByPage(@PathVariable Integer pageNum,
@PathVariable Integer pageSize) {
return "OK";
}
}
package cn.itcast.controller.menu;
import cn.itcast.entity.Menu;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParams;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/menu")
@Api(tags = "菜单控制器")
public class MenuController {
@GetMapping("/getMenus")
@ApiOperation(value = "查询所有菜单", notes = "查询所有菜单信息")
public List<Menu> getMenus(){
Menu menu = new Menu();
menu.setId(100);
menu.setName("itcast");
List<Menu> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(menu);
return list;
}
@PostMapping("/save")
@ApiOperation(value = "新增菜单", notes = "新增菜单信息")
public String save(@RequestBody Menu menu){
return "OK";
}
@PutMapping("/update")
@ApiOperation(value = "修改菜单", notes = "修改菜单信息")
public String update(@RequestBody Menu menu){
return "OK";
}
@DeleteMapping("/delete")
@ApiOperation(value = "删除菜单", notes = "删除菜单信息")
public String delete(int id){
return "OK";
}
@ApiImplicitParams({
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "pageNum", value = "页码",
required = true, type = "Integer"),
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "pageSize", value = "每页条数",
required = true, type = "Integer"),
})
@ApiOperation(value = "分页查询菜单信息")
@GetMapping(value = "page/{pageNum}/{pageSize}")
public String findByPage(@PathVariable Integer pageNum,
@PathVariable Integer pageSize) {
return "OK";
}
}
第五步:创建配置类SwaggerAutoConfiguration
package cn.itcast.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.service.Contact;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class SwaggerAutoConfiguration {
@Bean
public Docket createRestApi1() {
Docket docket = new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
.apiInfo(apiInfo()).groupName("用户接口组")
.select()
//为当前包路径
.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("cn.itcast.controller.user"))
.build();
return docket;
}
@Bean
public Docket createRestApi2() {
Docket docket = new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
.apiInfo(apiInfo()).groupName("菜单接口组")
.select()
//为当前包路径
.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("cn.itcast.controller.menu"))
.build();
return docket;
}
//构建 api文档的详细信息
private ApiInfo apiInfo() {
return new ApiInfoBuilder()
//页面标题
.title("API接口文档")
//创建人
.contact(new Contact("通用权限系统", "https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36602071?spm=1010.2135.3001.5343", "[email protected]"))
//版本号
.version("1.0")
//描述
.description("API 描述")
.build();
}
}
第六步:创建启动类SwaggerDemoApplication
package cn.itcast;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SwaggerDemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SwaggerDemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
执行启动类main方法启动项目,访问地址:http://localhost:9000/swagger-ui.html
knife4j是为Java MVC框架集成Swagger生成Api文档的增强解决方案,前身是swagger-bootstrap-ui,取名knife4j是希望它能像一把匕首一样小巧,轻量,并且功能强悍!其底层是对Springfox的封装,使用方式也和Springfox一致,只是对接口文档UI进行了优化。
核心功能:
文档说明:根据Swagger的规范说明,详细列出接口文档的说明,包括接口地址、类型、请求示例、请求参数、响应示例、响应参数、响应码等信息,对该接口的使用情况一目了然。
在线调试:提供在线接口联调的强大功能,自动解析当前接口参数,同时包含表单验证,调用参数可返回接口响应内容、headers、响应时间、响应状态码等信息,帮助开发者在线调试。
第一步:创建maven工程knife4j_demo并配置pom.xml文件
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASEversion>
<relativePath/>
parent>
<groupId>cn.itcastgroupId>
<artifactId>knife4j_demoartifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.xiaoymingroupId>
<artifactId>knife4j-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>2.0.1version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
<artifactId>lombokartifactId>
dependency>
dependencies>
project>
第二步: 创建实体类User和Menu
与上面swagger的实体类相同
第三步:创建UserController和MenuController
与上面swagger的Controller类相同
第四步:创建配置属性类SwaggerProperties
package cn.itcast.config;
import lombok.*;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/*
*配置属性类,用于封装接口文档相关属性,从配置文件读取信息封装成当前对象
*/
@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "pinda.swagger")
public class SwaggerProperties {
// 如果不分组,则使用以下属性
private String title = "在线文档"; //标题
private String group = ""; //自定义组名
private String description = "在线文档"; //描述
private String version = "1.0"; //版本
private Contact contact = new Contact(); //联系人
private String basePackage = "com.itheima.pinda"; //swagger会解析的包路径
private List<String> basePath = new ArrayList<>(); //swagger会解析的url规则
private List<String> excludePath = new ArrayList<>();//在basePath基础上需要排除的url规则
// 对应yml配置文件的pinda.swagger.docket下的key-value属性
private Map<String, DocketInfo> docket = new LinkedHashMap<>(); //分组文档
public String getGroup() {
// 组名为空,则返回title名
if (group == null || "".equals(group)) {
return title;
}
return group;
}
// 如果分组,则使用以下属性
@Data
public static class DocketInfo {
private String title = "在线文档"; //标题
private String group = ""; //自定义组名
private String description = "在线文档"; //描述
private String version = "1.0"; //版本
private Contact contact = new Contact(); //联系人
private String basePackage = ""; //swagger会解析的包路径
private List<String> basePath = new ArrayList<>(); //swagger会解析的url规则
private List<String> excludePath = new ArrayList<>();//在basePath基础上需要排除的url
public String getGroup() {
if (group == null || "".equals(group)) {
return title;
}
return group;
}
}
@Data
public static class Contact {
private String name = "pinda"; //联系人
private String url = ""; //联系人url
private String email = ""; //联系人email
}
}
第五步:创建application.yml文件
server:
port: 7788
pinda:
swagger:
enabled: true #是否启用swagger
title: 在线文档
#还可以配置group 、description...
docket:
# 对应SwaggerProperties类中的 Map docket = new LinkedHashMap<>();
# key是user,value是DocketInfo对象(包含title、base-package等属性)
user:
title: 用户模块
group: 用户模块组
base-package: cn.itcast.controller.user
menu:
title: 菜单模块
group: 菜单模块组
base-package: cn.itcast.controller.menu
第六步:创建配置类SwaggerAutoConfiguration
package cn.itcast.config;
import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
import com.google.common.base.Predicates;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.service.Contact;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "pinda.swagger.enabled", havingValue = "true",
matchIfMissing = true)
@EnableSwagger2
@EnableConfigurationProperties(SwaggerProperties.class)
public class SwaggerAutoConfiguration implements BeanFactoryAware {
@Autowired
SwaggerProperties swaggerProperties;
private BeanFactory beanFactory;
// 实现了BeanFactoryAware接口,需要重写setBeanFactory方法
// 该方法注入了BeanFactory工厂对象
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
// 一个Docket对象代表一个接口文档,List可以有一个Docket,也可以有多个Docket
// Docket对象是spring创建并放入容器的,所以该配置类需要实现BeanFactoryAware接口
public List<Docket> createRestApi(){
// 将beanFactory强转为ConfigurableBeanFactory类型,可配置的bean工厂对象
ConfigurableBeanFactory configurableBeanFactory = (ConfigurableBeanFactory) beanFactory;
List<Docket> docketList = new LinkedList<>();
// 没有分组(配置文件没有配置docket属性)
Map<String, SwaggerProperties.DocketInfo> docket = swaggerProperties.getDocket();
if (docket .isEmpty()) {
Docket docket1 = createDocket(swaggerProperties);
// 将spring创建的Docket对象注册为单例bean加到容器中,key为swaggerProperties.getTitle()(key保证唯一就行),value为Docket对象
configurableBeanFactory.registerSingleton(swaggerProperties.getTitle(), docket1);
// 没有分组,则只添加一个docket对象到list中
docketList.add(docket1);
return docketList;
}
// 分组创建
for (String groupName : docket.keySet()){
SwaggerProperties.DocketInfo docketInfo = swaggerProperties.getDocket().get(groupName);
ApiInfo apiInfo = new ApiInfoBuilder()
//页面标题
.title(docketInfo.getTitle())
//创建人
.contact(new Contact(docketInfo.getContact().getName(),
docketInfo.getContact().getUrl(),
docketInfo.getContact().getEmail()))
//版本号
.version(docketInfo.getVersion())
//描述
.description(docketInfo.getDescription())
.build();
// base-path处理
// 当没有配置任何path的时候,解析/**
if (docketInfo.getBasePath().isEmpty()) {
docketInfo.getBasePath().add("/**");
}
List<Predicate<String>> basePath = new ArrayList<>();
for (String path : docketInfo.getBasePath()) {
basePath.add(PathSelectors.ant(path));
}
// exclude-path处理
List<Predicate<String>> excludePath = new ArrayList<>();
for (String path : docketInfo.getExcludePath()) {
excludePath.add(PathSelectors.ant(path));
}
Docket docket1 = new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
.apiInfo(apiInfo)
.groupName(docketInfo.getGroup())
.select()
//为当前包路径
.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage(docketInfo.getBasePackage()))
.paths(Predicates.and(Predicates.not(Predicates.or(excludePath)),Predicates.or(basePath)))
.build();
configurableBeanFactory.registerSingleton(groupName, docket1);
docketList.add(docket1);
}
return docketList;
}
//创建接口文档对象
private Docket createDocket(SwaggerProperties swaggerProperties) {
//API 基础信息
ApiInfo apiInfo = apiInfo(swaggerProperties);
// base-path处理
// 当没有配置任何path的时候,解析/**
if (swaggerProperties.getBasePath().isEmpty()) {
swaggerProperties.getBasePath().add("/**");
}
List<Predicate<String>> basePath = new ArrayList<>();
for (String path : swaggerProperties.getBasePath()) {
basePath.add(PathSelectors.ant(path));
}
// exclude-path处理
List<Predicate<String>> excludePath = new ArrayList<>();
for (String path : swaggerProperties.getExcludePath()) {
excludePath.add(PathSelectors.ant(path));
}
return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
.apiInfo(apiInfo)
.groupName(swaggerProperties.getGroup())
.select()
.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage(swaggerProperties.getBasePackage()))
.paths(Predicates.and(Predicates.not(Predicates.or(excludePath)),Predicates.or(basePath)))
.build();
}
//构建 api文档的详细信息
private ApiInfo apiInfo(SwaggerProperties swaggerProperties) {
return new ApiInfoBuilder()
//页面标题
.title(swaggerProperties.getTitle())
//创建人
.contact(new Contact(swaggerProperties.getContact().getName(),
swaggerProperties.getContact().getUrl(),
swaggerProperties.getContact().getEmail()))
//版本号
.version(swaggerProperties.getVersion())
//描述
.description(swaggerProperties.getDescription())
.build();
}
}
第七步:创建启动类SwaggerDemoApplication
package cn.itcast;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SwaggerDemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SwaggerDemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
执行启动类main方法启动项目,访问地址:http://localhost:7788/doc.html
如果接口文档不分组,我们可以修改application.yml文件:
server:
port: 7788
pinda:
swagger:
enabled: true #是否启用swagger
title: test模块
base-package: cn.itcast.controller
再次访问地址:http://localhost:7788/doc.html,可以看到所有的接口在一个分组中。