问题 C:如何利用大脑结构特征和认知行为特征诊断阿尔茨海默病
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with an insidious onset. It is characterized clinically by a full spectrum of dementia, including memory impairment, aphasia, dysfluency, agnosia, impairment of visuospatial skills,executive dysfunction, and personality and behavioral changes, the cause of which isstill unknown. It is characterized by a progressive decline in the ability to perform activities of daily living, with various neuropsychiatric symptoms and behavioral disturbances. The disease is usually progressive in the elderly, with progressive loss of independent living skills and death from complications 10 to 20 years after the onset of the disease.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,起病隐匿。其临床特征
为一系列痴呆,包括记忆障碍、失语症、流畅性障碍、失认症、视觉空间技能
障碍、执行功能障碍以及人格和行为改变,其原因尚不清楚。以日常生活活动
能力进行性下降为特征,伴有各种神经精神症状和行为障碍。这种疾病通常在
老年人中进行性发展,在发病 10 至 20 年后逐渐丧失独立生活能力并因并发症
死亡。
The preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease, also known as mild cognitive
impairment (MCI), is a transitional state between normal and severe. Due to the limited cognition of the disease by patients and their families, 67% of patients were diagnosed as moderate to severe and had missed the best intervention stage. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment is of great significance.
阿尔茨海默病的临床前阶段,也称为轻度认知障碍(MCI),是正常和严重之
间的过渡状态。由于患者及家属对疾病的认知有限,67%的患者被诊断为中重
度,已错过最佳干预阶段。因此,早期准确诊断阿尔茨海默病和轻度认知障碍
具有重要意义。
The attached data contain specific information characteristics of 4850 cognitive normal elderly (CN), 1416 patients with subjective memory complaint (SMC), 2968 patients with early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI), 5236 patients with late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) and 1738 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) collected at different time points (one time point is a quantity). Please use the brain structural characteristics and cognitive behavioral characteristics of the different categories of people provided in the Appendix to construct an Alzheimer’s disease identification model and design an intelligent diagnostic method to accurately
diagnose Alzheimer’s disease.
所附数据包含在不同时间点(一个时间点为一个量)收集的 4850 名认知正常
老年人(CN)、1416 名主观记忆主诉患者(SMC)、2968 名早期轻度认知障碍患者(EMCI)、5236 名晚期轻度认知障碍患者(LMCI)和 1738 名阿尔茨海默病患者(AD)的具体信息特征。请利用附录中提供的不同类别人群的大脑结构特征和认知行为特征,构建阿尔茨海默病识别模型,设计智能诊断方法,准确诊断阿尔茨海默病。
(1) Preprocess the characteristic indicators of the attached data to investigate the correlation between data characteristics and the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.
(1) 对所附数据的特征指标进行预处理,考察数据特征与阿尔茨海默病诊断的相关性。
(2) Use the attached structural brain features and cognitive behavioral features to design an intelligent diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.
(2) 利用附带的结构脑特征和认知行为特征,设计阿尔茨海默病的智能诊断。
(3) First, cluster CN, MCI and AD into three major classes. Then, for the three subclasses contained in MCI (SMC, EMCI, and LMCI), the clustering was continued to be refined into three subclasses.
(3) 首先,将 CN、MCI 和 AD 分成三大类。然后,对于 MCI 中包含的三个子类 (SMC、EMCI 和 LMCI ),聚类继续细化为三个子类。
(4) The same sample in the annex contains features collected at different time points, please analyze them in relation to the time points to uncover patterns in the evolution of different categories of diseases over time.
(4) 附件中的相同样本包含在不同时间点收集的特征,请分析它们与时间点的关系,以揭示不同类别疾病随时间演变的模式。
(5) Please consult the relevant literature to describe the early intervention and diagnostic criteria for the five categories of CN, SMC, EMCI, LMCI, and AD.
(5) 请参考相关文献来描述 CN、SMC、EMCI、LMCI 和 AD 五种类型的早期干预和诊断标准。
题目既然说了对数据进行预处理,那预处理在本题就是蛮重要的一个部分。我们不能简单的对缺失值删除或者填充0啊这样就结束了。