activity, fragment
Fragment 和 FragmentActivity的使用
Fragment 和 FragmentActivity的使用（二）
public void onInflate(Activity activity, AttributeSet attrs, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
public Animation onCreateAnimation(int transit, boolean enter, int nextAnim) {
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container,
@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
public void onViewCreated(View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
}
public void onActivityCreated(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
public void onViewStateRestored(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
public void onStart() {
public void onResume() {
public void onPause() {
public void onStop() {
public void onLowMemory() {
public void onDestroyView() {
public void onDestroy() {
public void onDetach() {
// 加入fragment
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener
{
private LinearLayout mTabWeixin;
private LinearLayout mTabFriend;
private ContentFragment mWeixin;
private FriendFragment mFriend;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// 初始化控件和声明事件
mTabWeixin = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.tab_bottom_weixin);
mTabFriend = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.tab_bottom_friend);
mTabWeixin.setOnClickListener(this);
mTabFriend.setOnClickListener(this);
// 设置默认的Fragment
setDefaultFragment();
}
private void setDefaultFragment()
{
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
mWeixin = new ContentFragment();
transaction.replace(R.id.id_content, mWeixin);
transaction.commit();
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
// 开启Fragment事务
FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
switch (v.getId())
{
case R.id.tab_bottom_weixin:
if (mWeixin == null)
{
mWeixin = new ContentFragment();
}
// 使用当前Fragment的布局替代id_content的控件
transaction.replace(R.id.id_content, mWeixin);
break;
case R.id.tab_bottom_friend:
if (mFriend == null)
{
mFriend = new FriendFragment();
}
transaction.replace(R.id.id_content, mFriend);
break;
}
// transaction.addToBackStack();
// 事务提交
transaction.commit();
}
}
动态加载
public class FriendFragment extends Fragment
{
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_friend, container, false);
}
}
API
Fragment常用的三个类：
android.app.Fragment 主要用于定义Fragment
android.app.FragmentManager 主要用于在Activity中操作Fragment
android.app.FragmentTransaction 保证一些列Fragment操作的原子性
a、获取FragmentManage的方式：
当遇到这种嵌套多层的Fragment的时候：第一层的FragmentManager，可以通过getSupportFragmentManager()或者getFragmentManager()获得，第二层的fragment中必须用getChildFragmentManager()。
b、主要的操作都是FragmentTransaction的方法
FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.benginTransatcion();//开启一个事务
transaction.add()
往Activity中添加一个Fragment
transaction.remove()
从Activity中移除一个Fragment，如果被移除的Fragment没有添加到回退栈（回退栈后面会详细说），这个Fragment实例将会被销毁。
transaction.replace()
使用另一个Fragment替换当前的，实际上就是remove()然后add()的合体~
transaction.hide()
隐藏当前的Fragment，仅仅是设为不可见，并不会销毁
transaction.show()
显示之前隐藏的Fragment
detach()
将此Fragment从Activity中分离，会销毁其布局，但不会销毁该实例（detach()->onPause()->onStop()->onDestroyView()）
attach()
将从Activity中分离的Fragment，重新关联到该Activity，重新创建其视图层次（attach()->onCreateView()->onActivityCreated()->onStart()->onResume()）
transatcion.commit()//提交一个事务
管理Fragment回退栈：加入回退栈的是事务
FragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(String)
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/id_content"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
</FrameLayout>
</RelativeLayout>
replace 与 addToBackStack(null); 连用，则该实例不会销毁（但视图层会销毁）
FragmentTwo fTwo = new FragmentTwo(); FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager(); FragmentTransaction tx = fm.beginTransaction(); tx.replace(R.id.id_content, fTwo, "TWO"); tx.addToBackStack(null); tx.commit();
避免视图重绘
FragmentThree fThree = new FragmentThree(); FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager(); FragmentTransaction tx = fm.beginTransaction(); tx.hide(this); tx.add(R.id.id_content , fThree, "THREE"); tx.addToBackStack(null); tx.commit();
fragment与activity的通信：
getFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag()或者findFragmentById()
getActivity()
package com.zhy.zhy_fragments;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
public class FragmentOne extends Fragment implements OnClickListener
{
private Button mBtn;
/**
* 设置按钮点击的回调
* @author zhy
*
*/
public interface FOneBtnClickListener
{
void onFOneBtnClick();
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_one, container, false);
mBtn = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.id_fragment_one_btn);
mBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
return view;
}
/**
* 交给宿主Activity处理，如果它希望处理
*/
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
if (getActivity() instanceof FOneBtnClickListener)
{
((FOneBtnClickListener) getActivity()).onFOneBtnClick();
}
}
}
package com.zhy.zhy_fragments;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
public class FragmentTwo extends Fragment implements OnClickListener
{
private Button mBtn ;
private FTwoBtnClickListener fTwoBtnClickListener ;
public interface FTwoBtnClickListener
{
void onFTwoBtnClick();
}
//设置回调接口
public void setfTwoBtnClickListener(FTwoBtnClickListener fTwoBtnClickListener)
{
this.fTwoBtnClickListener = fTwoBtnClickListener;
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_two, container, false);
mBtn = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.id_fragment_two_btn);
mBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
return view ;
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
if(fTwoBtnClickListener != null)
{
fTwoBtnClickListener.onFTwoBtnClick();
}
}
}
package com.zhy.zhy_fragments;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Window;
import com.zhy.zhy_fragments.FragmentOne.FOneBtnClickListener;
import com.zhy.zhy_fragments.FragmentTwo.FTwoBtnClickListener;
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements FOneBtnClickListener,
FTwoBtnClickListener
{
private FragmentOne mFOne;
private FragmentTwo mFTwo;
private FragmentThree mFThree;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mFOne = new FragmentOne();
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction tx = fm.beginTransaction();
tx.add(R.id.id_content, mFOne, "ONE");
tx.commit();
}
/**
* FragmentOne 按钮点击时的回调
*/
@Override
public void onFOneBtnClick()
{
if (mFTwo == null)
{
mFTwo = new FragmentTwo();
mFTwo.setfTwoBtnClickListener(this);
}
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction tx = fm.beginTransaction();
tx.replace(R.id.id_content, mFTwo, "TWO");
tx.addToBackStack(null);
tx.commit();
}
/**
* FragmentTwo 按钮点击时的回调
*/
@Override
public void onFTwoBtnClick()
{
if (mFThree == null)
{
mFThree = new FragmentThree();
}
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction tx = fm.beginTransaction();
tx.hide(mFTwo);
tx.add(R.id.id_content, mFThree, "THREE");
// tx.replace(R.id.id_content, fThree, "THREE");
tx.addToBackStack(null);
tx.commit();
}
}
避免屏幕旋转或切入后台引起的页面重绘时重复添加fragment,用onSaveInstanceState同步保存数据。
if(savedInstanceState == null)
{
mFOne = new FragmentOne();
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction tx = fm.beginTransaction();
tx.add(R.id.id_content, mFOne, "ONE");
tx.commit();
}
Fragmeny与ActionBar和MenuItem集成
Fragment可以添加自己的MenuItem到Activity的ActionBar或者可选菜单中。
a、在Fragment的onCreate中调用 setHasOptionsMenu(true);
b、然后在Fragment子类中实现onCreateOptionsMenu
c、如果希望在Fragment中处理MenuItem的点击，也可以实现onOptionsItemSelected；当然了Activity也可以直接处理该MenuItem的点击事件。
package com.zhy.zhy_fragments;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class FragmentOne extends Fragment
{
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setHasOptionsMenu(true);
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_one, container, false);
return view;
}
@Override
public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater)
{
inflater.inflate(R.menu.fragment_menu, menu);
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)
{
switch (item.getItemId())
{
case R.id.id_menu_fra_test:
Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "FragmentMenuItem1", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
}
return true;
}
}
package com.zhy.zhy_fragments;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.Window;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
private static final String TAG = "FragmentOne";
private FragmentOne mFOne;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Log.e(TAG, savedInstanceState + "");
if (savedInstanceState == null)
{
mFOne = new FragmentOne();
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction tx = fm.beginTransaction();
tx.add(R.id.id_content, mFOne, "ONE");
tx.commit();
}
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)
{
super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)
{
switch (item.getItemId())
{
case R.id.action_settings:
Toast.makeText(this, "setting", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
default:
//如果希望Fragment自己处理MenuItem点击事件，一定不要忘了调用super.xxx
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
}