[介词] prep
释义:介词也叫前置词,不能单独做句子成分,一般用在名词或者代词、数词和动名词前面,介词和这些词语一起构成介词短语
in / of | at | on | about |
as | before | behind | below |
beside | between | by | during |
for | from | inside | like |
near | off | past | around |
to | since | through | under |
up | with | against | among |
across | out of | int to | along |
outs |
in at on with for from of
[例1]:in Guangxi (介词 + 名词) 表示在...地方
[例2]:in the school 可数名词不能单独用 在这所学校里面
[例3]:in 1998 在1998年
[动词短语和介词短语的区别]
动词短语:动词和介词构成动词短语也叫复合动词属于实义动词
动词短语一般充当 谓语
① look at 及物动词 看
[例1]:I look at him. 我看着他
② get up 不及物动词 起床
③ look for 及物动词 寻找
[例2]:I look for a chance every day. 我每天都在寻找一个机会
④ look after 及物动词 照顾
介词短语:介词短语的介词是放在开头的,跟后面的 名词、代词、数词、动名词 一起构成短语
[介词宾语]
Tip: 介词后面的词语叫介词宾语
能充当介词宾语的词语 名词、人称代词宾格、数词、动名词
[例1]:in Guangxi 名词 Guangxi 做介词宾语
[例2]:Under the tree 名词 the tree 做介词宾语
① 介词 + 名词 = 介词短语
这个也需要注意可数名词单数问题
in Guangxi under the tree 在树下 beside Nick 在尼克旁边
behind my house 在我房子的后面 beside the computer 在电脑旁边
② 介词 + 人称代词宾格 = 介词短语
beside me 在我旁边 before you 在你前面 behind him 在她后面
③ 介词 + 数词 = 介词短语
in 1998 在1998年 at 5:30 在5点30分
④ 介词 + 动名词 = 介词短语
before having dinner about learning English by watching TV
[ in ] [介词的用法]
① 在...地方 In Guangxi 在广西
② 在...里面 in my room 在我房间里面
③ 表时间 在某年、在某月 in 1990 在1998年 in May 在5月
④ 在...之后 in three days 三天之后
⑤ in + 颜色 = 穿...颜色的衣服 in red 穿红色的衣服
⑥ 用...语言 in English 用英语
[ about ] [介词的用法]
Tip: 关于
about English (名词)关于英语 about six (数词)大概六点
about me (人称代词宾格)关于我 about having a party (动名词)关于举行一个聚会
[介词的分类]
1. 简单介词
in after about with on at
2. 复合介词
inside into throughout
3. 分词介词
including following
4. 短语介词 一个词构成的介词
in front of in the middle of 在...的中间 according to 据说 instead of 代替
because of
[介词短语的用法]
做状语 做后置定语 做表语 做宾补 做主补
地点状语
主语 + 系动词 + 表语 + 介词短语(地点状语)
[例1]:I am happy in Guangxi now.
[例2]:I was sad in Guangxi before.
[例3]:They are busy in Beijing.
[例4]:They will be busy in Beijing next week.
主语 + 谓语 + (宾语) + 介词短语(地点状语)
[例1]:I work in Guangxi.
[例2]:I live in Guangxi.
[例3]:She learns English in Beijing.
时间状语
[例1]:I was young in 1998. 介词短语做时间状语
[例2]:He bought a bike in 2015.
[例3]:We will be famous in 2026.
[例4]:I get up at six.
方式状语
[例1]:Can you write in English?
[例2]:I tell stories in English.
后置定语
Tip: 用来修饰名词或者某些代词的词语 什么是定语、前置定语、后置定语?
前置定语 放在名词前面用来修饰名词的
后置定语 放在名词后面用来修饰名词的
名词所有格做后置定语
注意:1. 在英语中表示地点位置的介词短语才可以做普通名词的后置定语
2. 专有名词不可以加后置定语
3. 凡是有后置定语修饰的名词,需要加定冠词 the
[例1]:The mountains in Guangxi 广西的山
[例1]:The mountains in Guangxi are very beautiful. 广西的山很美
[例2]:The air in Beijing 北京的空气
[例2]:The air in Beijing is dirty. 北京的空气很浑浊
[例3]:The table under the tree 这棵树下面的桌子
[例3]:The table under the tree is very big. 这棵树下面的桌子很大
如何区分 介词做地点状语和介词做后置定语的情况
注意:状语只跟谓语有关 后置定语修饰名词
[例1]:I like the girl under the tree. 我喜欢这个在树下的女孩 后置定语
[例2]:The girl from Sichuan are beautiful.
[例3]:He likes the girls from Sichuan. 他喜欢来自四川的女孩
做表语
Tip: 大部分表示位置的介词短语,都可以做表语
主语 + be + 介词短语(表语)
[例1]:I am in Guangxi.
[例2]:I was in Beijing before.
[例3]:I will be in Beijing in the future.
[例4]:My students are behind my house.
做宾补
Tip:
[例1]:I put my money in my drawer.
[例2]:I put my coat under the tree.
[例3]:They must keep these machines in good condition.
做主语补足语
[例1]:My coat was put on the bed by me. 我的大衣被我放在床上
固定的介词短语
on fire 固定的介词短语 着火
[例1]:The house is on fire. 这个房子着火了
[例1]:The house on fire is hers. 这个着火的房子是她的