【pip安装包时gcc编译错误】pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.

前记：以前一直玩的都是微软的windows系列操作系统，最近刚转macOS 12版本，遇到各种各样奇奇怪怪的错误在所难免，不妨在此总结一下。

在mac OS中用pip安装《动手学深度学习》中介绍的d2l库时，发生了下面的错误：
pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.

error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

我用miniconda管理包，建立环境d2l再用pip install -U d2l安装d2l库，产生了报错（报错的信息有好几百行，只截取了我认为重要的信息）：

gcc: numpy/core/src/npymath/halffloat.c
            gcc: numpy/core/src/common/npy_longdouble.c
            gcc: numpy/core/src/common/numpyos.c
            gcc: /private/var/folders/g2/ssk3r1ms6yv_kncfrjk1m8yh0000gn/T/pip-install-n13kfd6f/numpy_e36e8d9c4ff249228d2bc9392e82e109/numpy/_build_utils/src/apple_sgemv_fix.c
            clang: error: the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec', please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly
            clang: error: the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec', please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly
            clang: error: the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec', please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly
            clang: error: the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec', please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly
            clang: error: the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec', please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly
            clang: error: the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec', please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly
            clang: error: the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec', please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly
            clang: error: the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec', please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly
            error: Command "gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I/Users/kongmu/miniconda3/envs/d2l/include -arch arm64 -I/Users/kongmu/miniconda3/envs/d2l/include -arch arm64 -DNPY_INTERNAL_BUILD=1 -DHAVE_NPY_CONFIG_H=1 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DNO_ATLAS_INFO=3 -DHAVE_CBLAS -Ibuild/src.macosx-11.1-arm64-3.8/numpy/core/src/umath -Ibuild/src.macosx-11.1-arm64-3.8/numpy/core/src/npymath -Ibuild/src.macosx-11.1-arm64-3.8/numpy/core/src/common -Inumpy/core/include -Ibuild/src.macosx-11.1-arm64-3.8/numpy/core/include/numpy -Inumpy/core/src/common -Inumpy/core/src -Inumpy/core -Inumpy/core/src/npymath -Inumpy/core/src/multiarray -Inumpy/core/src/umath -Inumpy/core/src/npysort -I/Users/kongmu/miniconda3/envs/d2l/include/python3.8 -Ibuild/src.macosx-11.1-arm64-3.8/numpy/core/src/common -Ibuild/src.macosx-11.1-arm64-3.8/numpy/core/src/npymath -Ibuild/src.macosx-11.1-arm64-3.8/numpy/core/src/common -Ibuild/src.macosx-11.1-arm64-3.8/numpy/core/src/npymath -c numpy/core/src/multiarray/alloc.c -o build/temp.macosx-11.1-arm64-cpython-38/numpy/core/src/multiarray/alloc.o -MMD -MF build/temp.macosx-11.1-arm64-cpython-38/numpy/core/src/multiarray/alloc.o.d -faltivec -I/System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers" failed with exit status 1
            [end of output]

错误信息中出现了很多gcc编译器的报错信息，初步猜测错误原因是macOS版本比较新，有些库pip没有找到与系统相匹配的whl包，于是就下载源码重新编译打包成whl包进行安装，结果造成无法编译的问题。

解决方法

在下面这些网站上找已经编译打包好的whl包：

Windows：
https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/
直接用Ctrl + F查找想要的包名和版本号然后点击下载链接就可以了。

Windows 和 macOS：

这里以pandas为例：

先访问pypi.org

然后在搜索框中搜索用pip在线安装不成功的库，比如pandas

点击导航栏上的Download files后，找到自己想要的版本下载即可（我是macOS 12系统，目前没有适配，并且我的python版本是3.11，那么可以选用padas-***-cp311-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl，这里架构选用arm64的）：

pandas库：https://pypi.org/project/pandas/#files

如果下载速度过慢，可以在清华源中查找包下载（这里找的是numpy）：
https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/numpy/

清华源：https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

查找到点击自己想要的包就可以直接在浏览器中下载完成，十分方便。