一般的用客户端实现Webservice有两种方式,一种是基于SOAP协议,另外一种是基于REST,并且REST协议目前是越来越流行。使用C#或者java来开发REST客户端目前是比较快捷方便的,毕竟可用的库或资源很多,但使用C++开发REST client的话就不容易了,毕竟原生C++在网络库这一块是没有标注库的,以前开发时候使用过libcurl库(C语言编写)和VC++ 的http client,或者使用Qt的QNetworkAccessManager库来进行后台api的调用,实现post、get请求进行数据处理,但或多或少都遇到过一些问题,再到后来别人推荐了微软开源的casablanca,或者叫CPP REST SDK库。下面整理一下CPP REST SDK库的使用及一些入门示例代码。
c++REST SDK,又叫卡萨布兰卡是一个微软发布的C++基于云的客户机-服务器通信库。该库基于现代化的C++异步API,即Promise模型或叫链式异步模型设计,c++开发人员可以方便地连接并与服务交互。
SDK内容
cpprestsdk编译
cpprestsdk的源代码可以在github下载:下载地址,但编译的过程比较复杂,因为依赖了boost、openssl等库,需要先编译这些库。常用方法有下面三种:
(1)使用vcpkg安装,但vcpkg这个工具本身需要先下载依赖库的各种源码,此外下载过程中很容易出现资源下载不下来的问题,相对较为麻烦,优点是自动化,只要解决vcpkg下载中的各种问题,编译什么的都是自动的。
(2)使用Visual studio自带的NuGet package包管理器。在visual studio 新建一个c++工程,点击 “工具——NuGet 程序包管理器——管理解决方案的NuGet 程序包”,打开NuGet包管理器。然后搜索cpprestsdk即可找到,本人用的VS2017IDE,效果如下:
点击“安装”按钮进行安装,安装完成后,visual studio自动将cpprestsdk (编译后的lib、include头文件、dll文件)下载到当前项目工程文件所在的路径中。
当然为了方便实用,也可以将编译后的lib、include头文件、dll文件拷贝到自己指定的文件夹下,作为普通的第三方库进行使用。
官方示例提供的是一个Get请求,获取url = "http://www.bing.com/search?q=cpprestsdk github"返回的html文件,运行结果是将请求到的html网页数据流保存生成results.html文件。
示例代码如下:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include
#include
using namespace utility; // Common utilities like string conversions
using namespace web; // Common features like URIs.
using namespace web::http; // Common HTTP functionality
using namespace web::http::client; // HTTP client features
using namespace concurrency::streams; // Asynchronous streams
// 官方示例
//Get请求:获取url = "http://www.bing.com/search?q=cpprestsdk github"返回的html文件;
//运行结果:将请求到的html网页数据流保存生成results.html文件
/* std::wstring wsServersite = L"http://www.bing.com/";
std::wstring wsURI = L"/search";
std::wstring wsName = L"q";
std::wstring wsValue = L"cpprestsdk github";
*/
void OfficialExample(const std::wstring& wsServersite, const std::wstring& wsURI, const std::wstring& wsURIName, const std::wstring& wsURIValue)
{
auto fileStream = std::make_shared<ostream>();
// Open stream to output file.
pplx::task<void> requestTask = fstream::open_ostream(U("../x64/results.html")).then([=](ostream outFile)
{
*fileStream = outFile;
// Create http_client to send the request.
http_client client(wsServersite); //wsServersite = http://www.bing.com/
// Build request URI and start the request.
uri_builder builder(wsURI);
builder.append_query(wsURIName, wsURIValue);
//std::wstring s1 = builder.to_string().c_str();
//std::wcout << s1 << std::endl;
return client.request(methods::GET, builder.to_string());
})
// Handle response headers arriving.
.then([=](http_response response)
{
printf("Received response status code:%u\n", response.status_code());
// Write response body into the file.
return response.body().read_to_end(fileStream->streambuf());
})
// Close the file stream.
.then([=](size_t)
{
return fileStream->close();
});
// Wait for all the outstanding I/O to complete and handle any exceptions
try
{
requestTask.wait();
}
catch (const std::exception &e)
{
printf("Error exception:%s\n", e.what());
}
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
// 官方示例测试
std::wstring wsServersite = L"http://www.bing.com/";
std::wstring wsURI = L"/search";
std::wstring wsName = L"q";
std::wstring wsValue = L"cpprestsdk github";
OfficialExample(wsServersite, wsURI, wsName, wsValue);
}
官方代码用的C++11新特性.then实现的异步请求,如果不适应的话可以改为同步请求数据:
void OfficialExample()
{
auto fileStream = std::make_shared<ostream>();
ostream outFile = fstream::open_ostream(U("results.html")).get();
*fileStream = outFile;
// Create http_client to send the request.
http_client client(U("http://www.bing.com/"));
// Build request URI and start the request.
uri_builder builder(U("/search"));
builder.append_query(U("q"), U("cpprestsdk github"));
http_response response = client.request(methods::GET, builder.to_string()).get();
// Write response body into the file.
response.body().read_to_end(fileStream->streambuf()).get();
fileStream->close().get();
}
// 个人测试
// POST请求:通过传入Json参数获取返回状态
/* std::wstring userName = L"admin";
std::wstring password = L"123456";
std::wstring wsServersite = L"http://10.31.222.186:80/";
std::wstring wsURI = L"/auth/web/login";
*/
void TestPostRequest(const std::wstring& wsServersite, const std::wstring& wsURI, const std::wstring &userName, const std::wstring &passWord);
核心代码:
utility::stringstream_t msgStream;
try
{
json::value reqMsg;
reqMsg[U("userName")] = json::value::string(userName);
reqMsg[U("userPassword")] = json::value::string(passWord);
reqMsg.serialize(msgStream);
}
catch (const std::exception &e)
{
std::cerr << e.what() << '\n';
return;
}
……………………………………
// request,同步方式
http_response response = client.request(Request).get();
if (response.status_code() == status_codes::OK)
{
try
{
// 输出返回的所有json内容
std::wstring result_msg = response.extract_string().get();
std::wcout.imbue(std::locale("chs"));
std::wcout << "result_msg: " << result_msg << std::endl;
}
catch (const std::exception &e)
{
std::wcout << e.what() << std::endl;
}
}
//Get请求:获取url = "http://10.31.222.186:80/messag/projects/count?projectId=a6a6aa80-140f--412a7f4d"返回的json文件;
/* std::wstring wsServersite = L"http://10.31.222.186:80/";
std::wstring wsURI = L"/messag/projects/count";
std::wstring wsName = L"projectId";
std::wstring wsValue = L"a6a6aa80-140f--412a7f4d";
*/
核心代码:
// default timeout is 30s, set to 10s
http_client_config config;
config.set_timeout(utility::seconds(10));
// Create http_client to send the request.
http_client client(wsServersite);
// Add Header
http_request Request(methods::GET);
Request.headers().add(L"x-userid", L"9084572");
Request.headers().add(L"Authorization", L"Bearer cn-4146-b6d4-45c338da581d");
// request,同步方式
……………………………………
if (response.status_code() == status_codes::OK)
{
// 输出返回的所有json内容
std::wstring result_msg = response.extract_string().get();
std::wcout.imbue(std::locale("chs"));
std::wcout << "result_msg: " << result_msg << std::endl;
}
else
{
std::wcout << "error:" << response.status_code() << std::endl;
}
cppRestSdk包采用了vc141编译,可以支持VS2015 / VS2017 / VS2019的使用,包含:include、lib、dll文件夹,提供x64位debug和release编译结果。
下载地址:下载地址