VMware虚拟机部署k8s集群

VMware虚拟机部署k8s集群

最近在学k8s，奈何云服务器有点小贵，就尝试用VMware虚拟机搭建了k8s集群，与大家分享，欢迎指点。

VMware安装CentOs7.9虚拟机

• VMware 下载地址：VMware下载（此处给的是16的下载地址）
  安装教程可以参考VMware安装教程
• CentOs7.9下载地址：CnetOs 7.9
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

至此算是完成一半了，

Vmware 网络配置

我的设置：

• master节点IP： 172.31.0.3
• node01节点IP：172.31.0.4
• node02节点IP：172.31.0.5
• 子网掩码：255.255.0.0
• 网关：172.31.0.2
• DNS:114.114.114.114
  首先在Vmware中设置如下：
  
  主页—>编辑—>虚拟网络编辑器
  
  需要设置为静态ip，因此取消勾选DHCP服务
  
  下面就可以开启刚刚安装好的虚拟机了，

CentOS 7.9安装配置

安装过程这语言选择中文。

这些内容根据自己需要设置

主要是网络和主机名需要提前设置好，不然后期改配置文件很头疼

设置好密码就可以漫长的等待了

安装完毕后重启，输入账户与密码，
输入ip addr 查看ip设置是否正确

ping www.baidu.com检查是否可以ping通

至此，就大功告成啦，接下来大家也可以按照上述流程分别安装node01与node02,当然，想要偷懒的也可直接克隆，不过克隆后要记得去配置文件里面修改ip地址。

安装docker

移除以前的docker

yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

配置yum源，镜像用的是阿里云

sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

安装指定版本的docker并启动

yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.7 docker-ce-cli-20.10.7  containerd.io-1.4.6
systemctl enable docker --now

配置加速

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker       # 创建文件夹
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://82m9ar63.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],   
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

至此docker就安装成功

安装kubeadm

设置基础环境

# 将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式（相当于将其禁用）
sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

#关闭swap
swapoff -a  
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

#允许 iptables 检查桥接流量
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system

安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

# 配置k8s 下载的地址
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
   http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl
EOF

# 安装3大件
sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.20.9 kubeadm-1.20.9 kubectl-1.20.9 --disableexcludes=kubernetes

# 启动kubelet
sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet

构建集群

下载镜像

# 下载镜像 总共7个

sudo tee ./images.sh <<-'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
images=(
kube-apiserver:v1.20.9
kube-proxy:v1.20.9
kube-controller-manager:v1.20.9
kube-scheduler:v1.20.9
coredns:1.7.0
etcd:3.4.13-0
pause:3.2
)
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/$imageName
done
EOF
   
chmod +x ./images.sh && ./images.sh

主节点初始化

#所有机器添加master域名映射，以下IP地址需要修改为自己的
echo "172.31.0.3  cluster-endpoint" >> /etc/hosts     # master节点   每个节点都需要执行，让每个节点知道master节点



#主节点初始化   # 只需要在master节点运行

kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=172.31.0.3 \
--control-plane-endpoint=cluster-endpoint \
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16


# 以下是各个命令的备注不需要执行
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=172.31.0.4 \   # master 节点ip
--control-plane-endpoint=cluster-endpoint \  # 域名值
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \   # 镜像仓库
--kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \  # k8s 版本 
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \     # 网络范围  一般不用改   网络范围不重叠
--pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16   # k8s 给pod分配网络ip的范围   一般不用改

#所有网络范围不重叠

# 我自己的运行结果

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
# 组建集群 需要执行以下命令
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
# 部署pod网络插件    连接k8s所有网络
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:
# 加入master节点
  kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token uu0mpy.fdsjy3wojwwpatyj \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3d0c32c41667faf5424f6a3506e330bdaa57edda63c3d0f09bb4346c0b7c5b4f \
    --control-plane 

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
# 加入工作node节点
kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token uu0mpy.fdsjy3wojwwpatyj \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3d0c32c41667faf5424f6a3506e330bdaa57edda63c3d0f09bb4346c0b7c5b4f

根据上述运行结果的提示进行下一步操作

设置.kube/config

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

使用下面命令，确保所有的pod都处于running状态

kubectl get pod --all-namespaces -o wide

安装网络组件

curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml -O
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml   # 部署 calico 网络插件

加入node节点

kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token uu0mpy.fdsjy3wojwwpatyj \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3d0c32c41667faf5424f6a3506e330bdaa57edda63c3d0f09bb4346c0b7c5b4f

#查看集群所有节点
kubectl get nodes

提示如下则安装成功：

部署 k8s可视化界面dashboard

联网部署

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.3.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

离线部署

vi dashboard.yaml  # 创建yaml文件
# 下面内容放入dashboard.yaml中

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.3.1
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.6
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

然后执行

kubectl apply -f dashboard.yaml

设置访问端口

kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard
# 将 type: ClusterIP 改为 type: NodePort

如下图

查询端口

kubectl get svc -A |grep kubernetes-dashboard

如上所示，Dashboard已经在32002端口上公开，现在可以在外部使用https://:32002进行访问。需要注意的是，在多节点的集群中，必须找到运行Dashboard节点的IP来访问，而不是Master节点的IP可以通过如下命令查询

kubectl get pod -owide --namespace kubernetes-dashboard

可以看到dashboard 部署在node01,而本例中，node01的ip为：172.31.0.4
故访问：https://172.31.0.4:32002
界面如下：

创建访问账号

#创建访问账号，准备一个yaml文件； vi dash.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

# 执行下面语句
kubectl apply -f dash.yaml

令牌访问

#获取访问令牌
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get sa/admin-user -o jsonpath="{.secrets[0].name}") -o go-template="{{.data.token | base64decode}}"

将运行结果下述白色内容复制到之前dashboard的登陆界面，

登陆成功如下图所示：

完结撒花

参考

云原生Java架构师的第一课K8s+Docker
kubernetes-dashboard(1.8.3)部署与踩坑
kubernetes dashboard创建后无法打开页面问题解决方法