NGINX_初学文档
NGINX
Install
安装nginx。
-
安装插件
yum install gcc openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel -y -
解压nginx 安装包
root@localhost soft]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz -
安装nginx
prefix= 指定安装的位置
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx安装成功时，若是报错，则是环境配置出错。
Configuration summary + using system PCRE library + OpenSSL library is not used + using system zlib library nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx" nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules" nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf" nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log" nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log" nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp" nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp" nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp" nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp" nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp" -
编译成可执行程序
通过gcc 编译
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.0]# make -
安装可执行程序
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.0]# make install安装成功
[root@localhost local]# cd nginx/ [root@localhost nginx]# ll 总用量 4 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 14:12 conf drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 40 5月 3 14:12 html drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 3 14:12 logs drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 19 5月 3 14:12 sbin
Directory Structure
| 目录 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| conf | 配置文件中心 |
| html | 默认自带页面 |
| logs | 日志 |
| sbin | 启动程序 |
Starter
-
普通启动
[root@localhost nginx]# cd sbin/ [root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -
通过配置文件启动
[root@localhost sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf -
进程状态
nginx 进程状态；
master process 主线程，进行读取配置文件，并维护worker进程；
worker process 进程，对请求进行实际处理；
[root@localhost sbin]# ps -ef | grep nginx root 18751 1 0 14:26 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx nobody 18752 18751 0 14:26 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root 28913 18260 0 14:29 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx -
关闭nginx
-
正常关闭
./nginx -s stop/reload
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -s stop-
杀死进程；
如果该进程有任务则当该进程处理完后就关闭
kill -QUIT [主进程ID]
[root@localhost sbin]# ps -ef | grep nginx root 28948 1 0 14:39 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nobody 28949 28948 0 14:39 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root 28951 18260 0 14:39 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@localhost sbin]# kill -QUIT 28948-
快速关闭；
如果该进程有任务,立刻停止
kill -TERM [主进程ID]
[root@localhost sbin]# ps -ef | grep nginx root 28948 1 0 14:39 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nobody 28949 28948 0 14:39 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root 28951 18260 0 14:39 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@localhost sbin]# kill -TERM 28948 -
Configuration check
配置检查，检查配置文件是否正确
[root@localhost sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
Version Information
查看nginx版本信息
./nginx -v
./nginx -V
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.16.0
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.16.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC)
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
Configuration File Interpretation
nginx 核心配置文件有三部分构成：基本配置，events配置，HTTP配置。
### ========start 基本配置
## 配置worker进程运行用户 [nobody|root]
#user nobody;
## worker processes 进程数 通常等于CUP数量或者两倍CUP数量
worker_processes 1;
## 配置全局错误日志及类型 [debug|info|notice|warn|error|crit] 默认error crit-致命的错误
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
### ========end 基本配置
### ==========start events配置
## 配置工作模式和链接数
events {
#use epoll;
## 配置每个worker进程链接数上线，nginx支持的总连接数等于worker_processes * worker_connections [MAX=55535]
worker_connections 1024;
}
### ========end events配置
### =========start HTTP配置
http {
## 支持的媒体类型 [无jsp]
include mime.types;
## 默认文件类型
default_type application/octet-stream;
## 配置日志格式 [$__ 内部变量]
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
## 输出的日志文件路径
#access_log logs/access.log main;
## 开启高效文件传输模式
sendfile on;
## 防止网络阻塞，自动刷新
#tcp_nopush on;
## 长连接超时时间
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
## 开启gzip的压缩
#gzip on;
## HTTPS server 配置
server {
## 监听端口
listen 80;
## 服务名称
server_name localhost;
## 字符集 [koi8-r 俄罗斯字符集]
#charset koi8-r;
## 该server日志输出
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
## 匹配请求
location / { ## 当访问路径中有[/]时,会被该location匹配到并进行处理，默认是/
root html; ## 配置服务器的默认网站跟目录位置，默认为nginx安装主要目录下的html目录
index index.html index.htm; ## 首页文件名称
}
## 配置404页面
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
## 配置错误页面
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html { ## [=]精确匹配
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
## 禁止访问 .htaccess文件 禁止外网访问
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
## HTTPS 配置https服务 ，安全的网络传输协议，加密传输，端口443
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
## 证书 [wosign| 公司颁发公司...]
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
Main Application
Static Web Site
静态文件配置
URL = 本地IP地址 + location.server.listen + location [root]
location /cas {
root /usr/opt/cas-master;
index index.html index.htm;
}
| 静态符号 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| ~ | 表示正则匹配，后面的类容是正则表达式 |
| . | 任意字符 |
| \ | 转义字符 |
| | | 或 |
| $ | 正则表达式结束符号 |
| * | 一个或者多个字符 |
Load Balancing
deploy
负载均衡；无权重[weight] 则轮询访问，
upstream www.myweb.com {
server 127.0.0.1:8080;
server 127.0.0.1:8081;
}
有权重[weight]则按照权重比例分配访问。
upstream www.myweb.com {
server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=3; ## weight 服务权重
server 127.0.0.1:8081 weight=1;
}
按照ip hash地址分配访问路径。能解决session 丢失问题
upstream www.myweb.com {
ip_hash;
server 127.0.0.1:8080;
server 127.0.0.1:8081;
}
最少连接[least_conn] 地址访问
upstream www.myweb.com {
least_conn;
server 127.0.0.1:8080;
server 127.0.0.1:8081;
}
服务地址转发
sever{
...
location /myweb{
## 转发地址
proxy_pass http://www.myweb.com;
}
}
backups
备份
backup - 其他所有的非backup 机器 down 的时候，才请求backup机器。
down - server 是down,不参数负载均衡，处于关闭，不转发。
upstream backserver{
server 127.0.0.1:8080;
server 127.0.0.1:8081 backup|down;
}
Static Proxy
静态代理
location ~.*\.(js|css|htm|html|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ioc|rar|zip|txt|flv|mid|doc|ppt|pdf|xls|mp3|wma)${
root: /opt/static;
}
location ~.*/(css|js|img|images){
root: /opt/static;
}
Static And Dynamic Separation
静态代理与负载均衡同时使用
Virtual Host
多端口虚拟主机
server{
listen: 8080;
server_name: www.myweb.com;
location /myweb {
proxy_pass: http://www.myweb.com;
}
}
server{
listen: 8090;
server_name: www.myweb.com;
location /myweb {
proxy_pass: http://www.p2p.com;
}
}
域名的虚拟主机
server{
listen: 80;
server_name: www.shop.com;
location /myweb {
proxy_pass: http://www.shop.com;
}
}
server{
listen: 80;
server_name: www.p2p.com;
location /myweb {
proxy_pass: http://www.p2p.com;
}
}
include /usr/local/nginx/vhost.conf