Linux下安装并配置FTP文件服务器

一、安装vsftpd

1. 运行如下代码安装vsftpd

yum install -y vsftpd

2. 运行以下命令设置FTP服务开机自启动

systemctl enable vsftpd.service

3. 运行以下命令启动FTP服务

systemctl start vsftpd.service

4. 运行以下命令查看FTP服务监听的端口

netstat -antup | grep ftp

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二、配置vsftpd

1. 运行以下命令为FTP服务创建一个Linux用户。本示例中，该用户名为ftptest

adduser ftptest

3. 运行以下命令创建一个供FTP服务使用的文件目录

mkdir /mydata/ftp

4. 运行以下命令更改/var/ftp/test目录的拥有者为ftptest

chown -R ftptest:ftptest /mydata/ftp

5. 修改vsftpd.conf配置文件

1) 运行命令打开配置文件

vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

2) 根据如下内容，修改或添加相关配置参数

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
#anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
#local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
#listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
#listen_ipv6=YES
port_enable=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
#除下面提及的参数外，其他参数保持默认值即可。
#修改下列参数的值
#禁止匿名登录FTP服务器
anonymous_enable=NO
##允许本地用户登录FTP服务器
local_enable=YES
##监听IPv4 sockets
listen=YES
#在行首添加#注释掉以下参数，关闭监听IPv6 sockets
listen_ipv6=NO
#添加下列参数
#设置本地用户登录后所在目录
local_root=/mydata/ftp
#全部用户被限制在主目录
chroot_local_user=YES
#启用例外用户名单
chroot_list_enable=YES
#指定例外用户列表文件，列表中用户不被锁定在主目录
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#开启被动模式
pasv_enable=YES
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
#Linux实例公网IP
pasv_address= ******
#设置被动模式下，建立数据传输可使用的端口范围的最小值
pasv_min_port=40000
#设置被动模式下，建立数据传输可使用的端口范围的最大值
pasv_max_port=40100
userlist_deny=NO
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list

建议您把端口范围设置在一段比较高的范围内，例如50000~50010，有助于提高访问FTP服务器的安全性。

3）创建chroot_list文件，并在文件中写入例外用户名单

vim /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

4）运行以下命令重启vsftpd服务

systemctl restart vsftpd.service

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三、解决无法创建文件、无法连接到服务问题

1. 暂时关闭防火墙测试

systemctl stop firewalld.service

2. 暂时关闭SELINUX安全系统

setenforce 0

3. centos7防火墙操作

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=22/tcp (开放22端口)
firewall-cmd --reload
sudo systemctl start firewalld
sudo systemctl stop firewalld
sudo systemctl status firewalld

四、vsftp配置文件及参数说明

1. /etc/vsftpd目录下文件说明如下：

• /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 是vsftpd的核心配置文件。
• /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers 是黑名单文件，此文件中的用户不允许访问FTP服务器。
• /etc/vsftpd/user_list是白名单文件，此文件中的用户允许访问FTP服务器。

2. 配置文件vsftpd.conf参数说明如下：

参数	说明
pasv_enable=YES	开启被动模式
pasv_enable=NO	开启主动模式
不设置该参数	配置文件中默认不设置该参数，表示使用被动模式

3. 用户登录控制参数说明如下表所示：

参数	说明
anonymous_enable=YES	接受匿名用户
no_anon_password=YES	匿名用户login时不询问口令
anon_root=（none）	匿名用户主目录
local_enable=YES	接受本地用户
local_root=（none）	本地用户主目录

4. 用户权限控制参数说明如下表所示：

参数	说明
write_enable=YES	可以上传文件（全局控制）
local_umask=022	本地用户上传的文件权限
file_open_mode=0666	上传文件的权限配合umask使用
anon_upload_enable=NO	匿名用户可以上传文件
anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO	匿名用户可以建目录
anon_other_write_enable=NO	匿名用户修改删除
chown_username=lightwiter	匿名上传文件所属用户名