前不久移植了支付宝官方的SDK,以适用ASP.NET Core使用支付宝支付,但是最近有好几位用户反应在Linux下使用会出错,调试发现是RSA加密的错误,下面具体讲一讲。
以前我们使用RSA加密主要是使用RSACryptoServiceProvider
这个类,在.NET Core中也有这个类,但是这个类并不支持跨平台,所以如果你是用这个类来进行加/解密在windows上运行是完全没有错误的,但是只要你一放到Linux下就会出现异常。
查阅资料得知,要解决这个问题,需要改用 System.Security.Cryptography.RSA.Create()
工厂方法,使用它之后,在 Windows 上创建的是 System.Security.Cryptography.RSACng
的实例,在 Mac 与 Linux 上创建的是 System.Security.Cryptography.RSAOpenSsl
的实例,它们都继承自 System.Security.Cryptography.RSA
抽象类。
相关资料:https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.security.cryptography.rsacng?view=netcore-2.0
相关资料:https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.security.cryptography.rsaopenssl?view=netcore-2.0
这里的RSA加密/解密主要是针对于由OpenSSL生成的公钥/私钥字符串。ssh-keygen -t rsa 命令生成的公钥私钥是不行的。
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQC7PyjMEuniN6BPn8oqzIZ6AO1N
jSTO9R3adCCIwKfKIEoWXXM+tHDpktdPKSaAsWJPTNAGvEvtxOfzXib/EMXKqD0e
Uy5MatfpRjRdf1hJVimmfrb09Qx2j7CsKLy7nD23m4xubdYBwvkjMwt/L3JxB5D6
qryW1wei/j1c+/OCxQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIICXQIBAAKBgQC7PyjMEuniN6BPn8oqzIZ6AO1NjSTO9R3adCCIwKfKIEoWXXM+
tHDpktdPKSaAsWJPTNAGvEvtxOfzXib/EMXKqD0eUy5MatfpRjRdf1hJVimmfrb09Qx2j7CsKLy7nD23m4xubdYBwvkjMwt/L3JxB5D6qryW1wei/j1c+/OCxQIDAQAB
AoGAT7vGYJgRNf4f6qgNS4pKHTu10RcwPFyOOM7IZ9M5380+HyXuBB6MEjowKwpH1fcy+LepwaR+5KG7b5uBGY4H2ticMtdysBd9gLwnY4Eh4j7LCWE54HvELpeWXkWp
FQdb/NQhcqMAGwYsTnRPdBqkrUmJBTYqEGkIlqCQ5vUJOCECQQDhe0KGmbq1RWp6
TDvgpA2dUmlt2fdP8oNW8O7MvbDaQRduoZnVRTPYCDKfzFqpNXL1hAYgth1N0vzD
nv3VoLcpAkEA1JcY+rLv5js1g5Luv8LaI5/3uOg0CW7fmh/LfGuz8k/OxASN+cAO
UjPHrxtc5xn1zat4/bnV5GEdlOp/DhquPQJBAIV2Fsdi4M+AueiPjPWHRQO0jvDV
jfwFOFZSn5YSRUa6NmtmPY6tumUJXSWWqKb1GwlVTuc3xBqXYsNLLUWwLhkCQQDJ
UJCiD0LohhdGEqUuSKnj5H9kxddJO4pZXFSI7UEJbJQDwcBkyn+FTm2BH+tZGZdQ
fVnlA89OJr0poOpSg+eNAkAKY85SR9KASaTiDBoPpJ8N805XEhd0Kq+ghzSThxL3
fVtKUQLiCh7Yd8oMd/G5S3xWJHUXSioATT8uPRH2bOb/
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Windows&MAC_OSX可以使用有支付宝开发的RSA密钥生成工具:
使用此工具生成的时候一定要选择,PKCS1
下载地址:https://doc.open.alipay.com/docs/doc.htm?treeId=291&articleId=105971&docType=1
此外还可以使用OpenSSL工具命令来生成:https://doc.open.alipay.com/docs/doc.htm?articleId=106130&docType=1
这里要讲一下RSA2算法。
什么是RSA2 ?RSA2 是在原来SHA1WithRSA签名算法的基础上,新增了支持SHA256WithRSA的签名算法。该算法比SHA1WithRSA有更强的安全能力。
算法名称 | 标准签名算法名称 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
RSA2 | SHA256WithRSA | (强烈推荐使用),强制要求RSA密钥的长度至少为2048 |
RSA | SHA1WithRSA | 对RSA密钥的长度不限制,推荐使用2048位以上 |
签名的作用:保证数据完整性,机密性和发送方角色的不可抵赖性
这里来一发干货,我已经封装好的RSA/RSA2算法,支持加密/解密/签名/验证签名。
///
/// RSA加解密 使用OpenSSL的公钥加密/私钥解密
/// 作者:李志强
/// 创建时间:2017年10月30日15:50:14
/// QQ:501232752
///
public class RSAHelper{
private readonly RSA _privateKeyRsaProvider;
private readonly RSA _publicKeyRsaProvider;
private readonly HashAlgorithmName _hashAlgorithmName;
private readonly Encoding _encoding; ///
/// 实例化RSAHelper
///
/// 加密算法类型 RSA SHA1;RSA2 SHA256 密钥长度至少为2048
/// 编码类型
/// 私钥
/// 公钥
public RSAHelper(RSAType rsaType, Encoding encoding, string privateKey, string publicKey = null) {
_encoding = encoding;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(privateKey))
{
_privateKeyRsaProvider = CreateRsaProviderFromPrivateKey(privateKey);
} if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(publicKey))
{
_publicKeyRsaProvider = CreateRsaProviderFromPublicKey(publicKey);
}
_hashAlgorithmName = rsaType == RSAType.RSA ? HashAlgorithmName.SHA1 : HashAlgorithmName.SHA256;
} #region 使用私钥签名
///
/// 使用私钥签名
///
/// 原始数据
///
public string Sign(string data) {
byte[] dataBytes = _encoding.GetBytes(data);
var signatureBytes = _privateKeyRsaProvider.SignData(dataBytes, _hashAlgorithmName, RSASignaturePadding.Pkcs1);
return Convert.ToBase64String(signatureBytes);
} #endregion
#region 使用公钥验证签名
///
/// 使用公钥验证签名
///
/// 原始数据
/// 签名
///
public bool Verify(string data,string sign) {
byte[] dataBytes = _encoding.GetBytes(data);
byte[] signBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(sign);
var verify = _publicKeyRsaProvider.VerifyData(dataBytes, signBytes, _hashAlgorithmName, RSASignaturePadding.Pkcs1);
return verify;
} #endregion
#region 解密
public string Decrypt(string cipherText) { if (_privateKeyRsaProvider == null)
{
throw new Exception("_privateKeyRsaProvider is null");
}
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(_privateKeyRsaProvider.Decrypt(Convert.FromBase64String(cipherText), RSAEncryptionPadding.Pkcs1));
} #endregion
#region 加密
public string Encrypt(string text) {
if (_publicKeyRsaProvider == null)
{
throw new Exception("_publicKeyRsaProvider is null");
}
return Convert.ToBase64String(_publicKeyRsaProvider.Encrypt(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text), RSAEncryptionPadding.Pkcs1));
} #endregion
#region 使用私钥创建RSA实例
public RSA CreateRsaProviderFromPrivateKey(string privateKey) { var privateKeyBits = Convert.FromBase64String(privateKey);
var rsa = RSA.Create();
var rsaParameters = new RSAParameters();
using (BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(new MemoryStream(privateKeyBits)))
{ byte bt = 0;
ushort twobytes = 0;
twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
if (twobytes == 0x8130)
binr.ReadByte();
else if (twobytes == 0x8230)
binr.ReadInt16();
else
throw new Exception("Unexpected value read binr.ReadUInt16()");
twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
if (twobytes != 0x0102)
throw new Exception("Unexpected version");
bt = binr.ReadByte();
if (bt != 0x00)
throw new Exception("Unexpected value read binr.ReadByte()");
rsaParameters.Modulus = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
rsaParameters.Exponent = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
rsaParameters.D = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
rsaParameters.P = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
rsaParameters.Q = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
rsaParameters.DP = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
rsaParameters.DQ = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
rsaParameters.InverseQ = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
}
rsa.ImportParameters(rsaParameters);
return rsa;
} #endregion
#region 使用公钥创建RSA实例
public RSA CreateRsaProviderFromPublicKey(string publicKeyString) { // encoded OID sequence for PKCS #1 rsaEncryption szOID_RSA_RSA = "1.2.840.113549.1.1.1"
byte[] seqOid = { 0x30, 0x0D, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2A, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xF7, 0x0D, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00 };
byte[] seq = new byte[15];
var x509Key = Convert.FromBase64String(publicKeyString); // --------- Set up stream to read the asn.1 encoded SubjectPublicKeyInfo blob ------
using (MemoryStream mem = new MemoryStream(x509Key))
{ using (BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(mem)) //wrap Memory Stream with BinaryReader for easy reading
{ byte bt = 0; ushort twobytes = 0;
twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16(); if (twobytes == 0x8130) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Sequence is 30 81)
binr.ReadByte(); //advance 1 byte
else if (twobytes == 0x8230)
binr.ReadInt16(); //advance 2 bytes
else
return null;
seq = binr.ReadBytes(15); //read the Sequence OID
if (!CompareBytearrays(seq, seqOid)) //make sure Sequence for OID is correct
return null;
twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16(); if (twobytes == 0x8103) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Bit String is 03 81)
binr.ReadByte(); //advance 1 byte
else if (twobytes == 0x8203)
binr.ReadInt16(); //advance 2 bytes
else
return null;
bt = binr.ReadByte(); if (bt != 0x00) //expect null byte next
return null;
twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16(); if (twobytes == 0x8130) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Sequence is 30 81)
binr.ReadByte(); //advance 1 byte
else if (twobytes == 0x8230) binr.ReadInt16(); //advance 2 bytes else return null; twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
byte lowbyte = 0x00;
byte highbyte = 0x00;
if (twobytes == 0x8102) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Integer is 02 81) lowbyte = binr.ReadByte(); // read next bytes which is bytes in modulus else if (twobytes == 0x8202) { highbyte = binr.ReadByte(); //advance 2 bytes lowbyte = binr.ReadByte(); } else return null;
byte[] modint = { lowbyte, highbyte, 0x00, 0x00 }; //reverse byte order since asn.1 key uses big endian order int modsize = BitConverter.ToInt32(modint, 0); int firstbyte = binr.PeekChar();
if (firstbyte == 0x00) { //if first byte (highest order) of modulus is zero, don't include it binr.ReadByte(); //skip this null byte modsize -= 1; //reduce modulus buffer size by 1 } byte[] modulus = binr.ReadBytes(modsize); //read the modulus bytes if (binr.ReadByte() != 0x02)
//expect an Integer for the exponent data return null;
int expbytes = (int)binr.ReadByte();
// should only need one byte for actual exponent data (for all useful values) byte[] exponent = binr.ReadBytes(expbytes); // ------- create RSACryptoServiceProvider instance and initialize with public key ----- var rsa = RSA.Create(); RSAParameters rsaKeyInfo = new RSAParameters { Modulus = modulus, Exponent = exponent }; rsa.ImportParameters(rsaKeyInfo);
return rsa; } } } #endregion #region 导入密钥算法 private int GetIntegerSize(BinaryReader binr) {
byte bt = 0; int count = 0; bt = binr.ReadByte();
if (bt != 0x02)
return 0; bt = binr.ReadByte();
if (bt == 0x81) count = binr.ReadByte();
else if (bt == 0x82) {
var highbyte = binr.ReadByte();
var lowbyte = binr.ReadByte();
byte[] modint = { lowbyte, highbyte, 0x00, 0x00 }; count = BitConverter.ToInt32(modint, 0); }
else { count = bt; }
while (binr.ReadByte() == 0x00) { count -= 1; } binr.BaseStream.Seek(-1, SeekOrigin.Current);
return count; }
private bool CompareBytearrays(byte[] a, byte[] b) {
if (a.Length != b.Length)
return false;
int i = 0;
foreach (byte c in a) {
if (c != b[i])
return false; i++; } return true; } #endregion}
///
/// RSA算法类型
///
public enum RSAType {
/// /// SHA1 /// RSA = 0, /// /// RSA2 密钥长度至少为2048 /// SHA256 /// RSA2 }
static void Main(string[] args){ //2048 公钥
string publicKey = "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAoQh0wEqx/R2H1v00IU12Oc30fosRC/frhH89L6G+fzeaqI19MYQhEPMU13wpeqRONCUta+2iC1sgCNQ9qGGf19yGdZUfueaB1Nu9rdueQKXgVurGHJ+5N71UFm+OP1XcnFUCK4wT5d7ZIifXxuqLehP9Ts6sNjhVfa+yU+VjF5HoIe69OJEPo7OxRZcRTe17khc93Ic+PfyqswQJJlY/bgpcLJQnM+QuHmxNtF7/FpAx9YEQsShsGpVo7JaKgLo+s6AFoJ4QldQKir2vbN9vcKRbG3piElPilWDpjXQkOJZhUloh/jd7QrKFimZFldJ1r6Q59QYUyGKZARUe0KZpMQIDAQAB"; //2048 私钥
string privateKey = "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"; var rsa = new RSAHelper(RSAType.RSA2,Encoding.UTF8, privateKey, publicKey); string str = "博客园 http://www.cnblogs.com/";
Console.WriteLine("原始字符串:"+str); //加密
string enStr = rsa.Encrypt(str);
Console.WriteLine("加密字符串:"+enStr); //解密
string deStr = rsa.Decrypt(enStr);
Console.WriteLine("解密字符串:"+deStr); //私钥签名
string signStr = rsa.Sign(str);
Console.WriteLine("字符串签名:" + signStr); //公钥验证签名
bool signVerify = rsa.Verify(str,signStr);
Console.WriteLine("验证签名:" + signVerify);
Console.ReadKey();
}
运行:
http://www.cnblogs.com/dudu/p/dotnet-core-rsa-openssl.html
本文Demo:https://github.com/stulzq/DotnetCore.RSA
.NET Core 交流群:4656606
原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/stulzq/p/7757915.html
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