【进阶一】Python实现MDCVRP常见求解算法——遗传算法(GA)

基于python语言,实现经典遗传算法(GA)对多车场车辆路径规划问题(MDCVRP)进行求解。

目录

  • 往期优质资源
  • 1. 适用场景
  • 2. 求解效果
  • 3. 代码分析
  • 4. 数据格式
  • 5. 分步实现
  • 6. 完整代码
  • 参考

往期优质资源

  • python实现6种智能算法求解CVRP问题
  • python实现7种智能算法求解MDVRP问题
  • python实现7种智能算法求解MDVRPTW问题
  • Python版MDHFVRPTW问题智能求解算法代码【TS算法】
  • Python版MDHFVRPTW问题智能求解算法代码【SA算法】
  • Python版MDHFVRPTW问题智能求解算法代码【GA算法】
  • Python版MDHFVRPTW问题智能求解算法代码【DPSO算法】
  • Python版MDHFVRPTW问题智能求解算法代码【DE算法】
  • Python版MDHFVRPTW问题智能求解算法代码【ACO算法】
  • Python版HVRP问题智能求解算法代码【GA算法】
  • Python版HVRP问题智能求解算法代码【DPSO算法】

1. 适用场景

  • 求解MDCVRP 问题
  • 车辆类型单一
  • 车辆容量不小于需求节点最大需求
  • 多车辆基地
  • 各车场车辆总数满足实际需求

2. 求解效果

(1)收敛曲线
【进阶一】Python实现MDCVRP常见求解算法——遗传算法(GA)_第1张图片
(2)车辆路径
【进阶一】Python实现MDCVRP常见求解算法——遗传算法(GA)_第2张图片

3. 代码分析

车俩路径规划问题按照车场数量可分为单一车场路径规划问题和多车场路径规划问题。针对单一车场条件下仅考虑车辆容量限制的路径规划问题前边帖子中已实现GA算法求解,本文采用GA算法对多车场条件下仅考虑车辆容量限制的路径规划问题进行求解。为了保持代码的延续性以及求解思路的一致性,这里对上述GA算法代码进行如下主要修正实现MDCVRP问题的求解。

  • Model数据结构类中采用demand_dict属性存储需求节点集合,depot_dict属性储存车场节点集合,demand_id_list属性储存需求节点id集合,distance_matrix属性储存任意节点间的欧式距离;
  • Node数据结构类中去掉node_seq属性,增加depot_capacity属性记录车场的车队限制
  • splitRoutes函数中分割车辆路径时分配最近车场作为其车辆提供基地(满足车场车队数量限制)

4. 数据格式

以csv文件储存数据,其中demand.csv文件记录需求节点数据,共包含需求节点id,需求节点横坐标,需求节点纵坐标,需求量;depot.csv文件记录车场节点数据,共包含车场id,车场横坐标,车场纵坐标,车队数量。需要注意的是:需求节点id应为整数,车场节点id任意,但不可与需求节点id不可重复。 可参考github主页相关文件。

5. 分步实现

(1)数据结构
定义Sol()类,Node()类,Model()类,其属性如下表:

  • Sol()类,表示一个可行解
属性 描述
node_id_list 需求节点id有序排列集合,对应TSP的解
obj 优化目标值
fit 解的适应度
routes 车辆路径集合,对应MDCVRP的解
  • Node()类,表示一个网络节点
属性 描述
id 物理节点id,需唯一
x_coord 物理节点x坐标
y_coord 物理节点y坐标
demand 物理节点需求
depot_capacity 车辆基地车队规模
  • Model()类,存储算法参数
属性 描述
best_sol 全局最优解,值类型为Sol()
demand_dict 需求节点集合(字典),值类型为Node()
depot_dict 车场节点集合(字典),值类型为Node()
demand_id_list 需求节点id集合
sol_list 种群,值类型为Sol()
distance_matrix 节点距离矩阵
opt_type 优化目标类型,0:最小车辆数,1:最小行驶距离
vehicle_cap 车辆容量
pc 交叉概率
pm 突变概率
n_select 优良个体选择数量
popsize 种群规模

(2)文件读取

def readCsvFile(demand_file,depot_file,model):
    with open(demand_file,'r') as f:
        demand_reader=csv.DictReader(f)
        for row in demand_reader:
            node = Node()
            node.id = int(row['id'])
            node.x_coord = float(row['x_coord'])
            node.y_coord = float(row['y_coord'])
            node.demand = float(row['demand'])
            model.demand_dict[node.id] = node
            model.demand_id_list.append(node.id)

    with open(depot_file,'r') as f:
        depot_reader=csv.DictReader(f)
        for row in depot_reader:
            node = Node()
            node.id = row['id']
            node.x_coord=float(row['x_coord'])
            node.y_coord=float(row['y_coord'])
            node.depot_capacity=float(row['capacity'])
            model.depot_dict[node.id] = node

(3)计算距离矩阵

def calDistance(model):
    for i in range(len(model.demand_id_list)):
        from_node_id = model.demand_id_list[i]
        for j in range(i+1,len(model.demand_id_list)):
            to_node_id=model.demand_id_list[j]
            dist=math.sqrt( (model.demand_dict[from_node_id].x_coord-model.demand_dict[to_node_id].x_coord)**2
                            +(model.demand_dict[from_node_id].y_coord-model.demand_dict[to_node_id].y_coord)**2)
            model.distance_matrix[from_node_id,to_node_id]=dist
            model.distance_matrix[to_node_id,from_node_id]=dist
        for _,depot in model.depot_dict.items():
            dist = math.sqrt((model.demand_dict[from_node_id].x_coord - depot.x_coord) ** 2
                             + (model.demand_dict[from_node_id].y_coord -depot.y_coord)**2)
            model.distance_matrix[from_node_id, depot.id] = dist
            model.distance_matrix[depot.id, from_node_id] = dist

(4)初始解生成

def generateInitialSol(model):
    demand_id_list=copy.deepcopy(model.demand_id_list)
    for i in range(model.popsize):
        seed=int(random.randint(0,10))
        random.seed(seed)
        random.shuffle(demand_id_list)
        sol=Sol()
        sol.node_id_list=copy.deepcopy(demand_id_list)
        model.sol_list.append(sol)

(5)适应度计算
适应度计算依赖" splitRoutes “函数对TSP可行解分割得到车辆行驶路线和所需车辆数,在得到各车辆形式路线后在满足车场车队规模条件下分配最近车场,” calDistance "函数计算行驶距离。

def selectDepot(route,depot_dict,model):
    min_in_out_distance=float('inf')
    index=None
    for _,depot in depot_dict.items():
        if depot.depot_capacity>0:
            in_out_distance=model.distance_matrix[depot.id,route[0]]+model.distance_matrix[route[-1],depot.id]
            if in_out_distance<min_in_out_distance:
                index=depot.id
                min_in_out_distance=in_out_distance
    if index is None:
        print("there is no vehicle to dispatch")
    route.insert(0,index)
    route.append(index)
    depot_dict[index].depot_capacity=depot_dict[index].depot_capacity-1
    return route,depot_dict


def splitRoutes(node_id_list,model):
    num_vehicle = 0
    vehicle_routes = []
    route = []
    remained_cap = model.vehicle_cap
    depot_dict=copy.deepcopy(model.depot_dict)
    for node_id in node_id_list:
        if remained_cap - model.demand_dict[node_id].demand >= 0:
            route.append(node_id)
            remained_cap = remained_cap - model.demand_dict[node_id].demand
        else:
            route,depot_dict=selectDepot(route,depot_dict,model)
            vehicle_routes.append(route)
            route = [node_id]
            num_vehicle = num_vehicle + 1
            remained_cap =model.vehicle_cap - model.demand_dict[node_id].demand

    route, depot_dict = selectDepot(route, depot_dict, model)
    vehicle_routes.append(route)

    return num_vehicle,vehicle_routes

def calRouteDistance(route,model):
    distance=0
    for i in range(len(route)-1):
        from_node=route[i]
        to_node=route[i+1]
        distance +=model.distance_matrix[from_node,to_node]
    return distance

def calFit(model):
    #calculate fit value:fit=Objmax-obj
    max_obj=-float('inf')
    best_sol=Sol()#record the local best solution
    best_sol.obj=float('inf')

    for sol in model.sol_list:
        node_id_list=sol.node_id_list
        num_vehicle, vehicle_routes = splitRoutes(node_id_list, model)
        if model.opt_type==0:
            sol.obj=num_vehicle
            sol.routes=vehicle_routes
            if sol.obj>max_obj:
                max_obj=sol.obj
            if sol.obj<best_sol.obj:
                best_sol=copy.deepcopy(sol)
        else:
            distance=0
            for route in vehicle_routes:
                distance+=calRouteDistance(route,model)
            sol.obj=distance
            sol.routes=vehicle_routes
            if sol.obj>max_obj:
                max_obj=sol.obj
            if sol.obj < best_sol.obj:
                best_sol = copy.deepcopy(sol)
    #calculate fit value
    for sol in model.sol_list:
        sol.fit=max_obj-sol.obj
    #update the global best solution
    if best_sol.obj<model.best_sol.obj:
        model.best_sol=best_sol

(6)优良个体选择

def selectSol(model):
    sol_list=copy.deepcopy(model.sol_list)
    model.sol_list=[]
    for i in range(model.n_select):
        f1_index=random.randint(0,len(sol_list)-1)
        f2_index=random.randint(0,len(sol_list)-1)
        f1_fit=sol_list[f1_index].fit
        f2_fit=sol_list[f2_index].fit
        if f1_fit<f2_fit:
            model.sol_list.append(sol_list[f2_index])
        else:
            model.sol_list.append(sol_list[f1_index])

(7)交叉

def crossSol(model):
    sol_list=copy.deepcopy(model.sol_list)
    model.sol_list=[]
    while True:
        f1_index = random.randint(0, len(sol_list) - 1)
        f2_index = random.randint(0, len(sol_list) - 1)
        if f1_index!=f2_index:
            f1 = copy.deepcopy(sol_list[f1_index])
            f2 = copy.deepcopy(sol_list[f2_index])
            if random.random() <= model.pc:
                cro1_index=int(random.randint(0,len(model.demand_id_list)-1))
                cro2_index=int(random.randint(cro1_index,len(model.demand_id_list)-1))
                new_c1_f = []
                new_c1_m=f1.node_id_list[cro1_index:cro2_index+1]
                new_c1_b = []
                new_c2_f = []
                new_c2_m=f2.node_id_list[cro1_index:cro2_index+1]
                new_c2_b = []
                for index in range(len(model.demand_id_list)):
                    if len(new_c1_f)<cro1_index:
                        if f2.node_id_list[index] not in new_c1_m:
                            new_c1_f.append(f2.node_id_list[index])
                    else:
                        if f2.node_id_list[index] not in new_c1_m:
                            new_c1_b.append(f2.node_id_list[index])
                for index in range(len(model.demand_id_list)):
                    if len(new_c2_f)<cro1_index:
                        if f1.node_id_list[index] not in new_c2_m:
                            new_c2_f.append(f1.node_id_list[index])
                    else:
                        if f1.node_id_list[index] not in new_c2_m:
                            new_c2_b.append(f1.node_id_list[index])
                new_c1=copy.deepcopy(new_c1_f)
                new_c1.extend(new_c1_m)
                new_c1.extend(new_c1_b)
                f1.nodes_seq=new_c1
                new_c2=copy.deepcopy(new_c2_f)
                new_c2.extend(new_c2_m)
                new_c2.extend(new_c2_b)
                f2.nodes_seq=new_c2
                model.sol_list.append(copy.deepcopy(f1))
                model.sol_list.append(copy.deepcopy(f2))
            else:
                model.sol_list.append(copy.deepcopy(f1))
                model.sol_list.append(copy.deepcopy(f2))
            if len(model.sol_list)>model.popsize:
                break

(8)突变

def muSol(model):
    sol_list=copy.deepcopy(model.sol_list)
    model.sol_list=[]
    while True:
        f1_index = int(random.randint(0, len(sol_list) - 1))
        f1 = copy.deepcopy(sol_list[f1_index])
        m1_index=random.randint(0,len(model.demand_id_list)-1)
        m2_index=random.randint(0,len(model.demand_id_list)-1)
        if m1_index!=m2_index:
            if random.random() <= model.pm:
                node1=f1.node_id_list[m1_index]
                f1.node_id_list[m1_index]=f1.node_id_list[m2_index]
                f1.node_id_list[m2_index]=node1
                model.sol_list.append(copy.deepcopy(f1))
            else:
                model.sol_list.append(copy.deepcopy(f1))
            if len(model.sol_list)>model.popsize:
                break

(9)绘制收敛曲线

def plotObj(obj_list):
    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] #show chinese
    plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # Show minus sign
    plt.plot(np.arange(1,len(obj_list)+1),obj_list)
    plt.xlabel('Iterations')
    plt.ylabel('Obj Value')
    plt.grid()
    plt.xlim(1,len(obj_list)+1)
    plt.show()

(10)绘制车辆路线

def plotRoutes(model):
    for route in model.best_sol.routes:
        x_coord=[model.depot_dict[route[0]].x_coord]
        y_coord=[model.depot_dict[route[0]].y_coord]
        for node_id in route[1:-1]:
            x_coord.append(model.demand_dict[node_id].x_coord)
            y_coord.append(model.demand_dict[node_id].y_coord)
        x_coord.append(model.depot_dict[route[-1]].x_coord)
        y_coord.append(model.depot_dict[route[-1]].y_coord)
        plt.grid()
        if route[0]=='d1':
            plt.plot(x_coord,y_coord,marker='o',color='black',linewidth=0.5,markersize=5)
        elif route[0]=='d2':
            plt.plot(x_coord,y_coord,marker='o',color='orange',linewidth=0.5,markersize=5)
        else:
            plt.plot(x_coord,y_coord,marker='o',color='b',linewidth=0.5,markersize=5)
    plt.xlabel('x_coord')
    plt.ylabel('y_coord')
    plt.show()

(11)输出结果

def outPut(model):
    work=xlsxwriter.Workbook('result.xlsx')
    worksheet=work.add_worksheet()
    worksheet.write(0,0,'opt_type')
    worksheet.write(1,0,'obj')
    if model.opt_type==0:
        worksheet.write(0,1,'number of vehicles')
    else:
        worksheet.write(0, 1, 'drive distance of vehicles')
    worksheet.write(1,1,model.best_sol.obj)
    for row,route in enumerate(model.best_sol.routes):
        worksheet.write(row+2,0,'v'+str(row+1))
        r=[str(i)for i in route]
        worksheet.write(row+2,1, '-'.join(r))
    work.close()

(12)主函数

def run(demand_file,depot_file,epochs,pc,pm,popsize,n_select,v_cap,opt_type):
    """
    :param demand_file: demand file path
    :param depot_file: depot file path
    :param epochs:Iterations
    :param pc:Crossover probability
    :param pm:Mutation probability
    :param popsize:Population size
    :param n_select:Number of excellent individuals selected
    :param v_cap:Vehicle capacity
    :param opt_type:Optimization type:0:Minimize the number of vehicles,1:Minimize travel distance
    :return:
    """
    model=Model()
    model.vehicle_cap=v_cap
    model.opt_type=opt_type
    model.pc=pc
    model.pm=pm
    model.popsize=popsize
    model.n_select=n_select

    readCsvFile(demand_file,depot_file,model)
    calDistance(model)
    generateInitialSol(model)
    history_best_obj = []
    best_sol=Sol()
    best_sol.obj=float('inf')
    model.best_sol=best_sol
    for ep in range(epochs):
        calFit(model)
        selectSol(model)
        crossSol(model)
        muSol(model)
        history_best_obj.append(model.best_sol.obj)
        print("%s/%s, best obj: %s" % (ep,epochs,model.best_sol.obj))
    plotObj(history_best_obj)
    plotRoutes(model)
    outPut(model)

6. 完整代码

代码和数据文件可获取:

https://download.csdn.net/download/python_n/37365542

参考

  1. https://blog.csdn.net/chc960609/article/details/109545208

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