K8S学习之Prometheus+Grafana+Alertmanager搭建全方位的监控告警系统

Prometheus+Grafana+Alertmanager搭建全方位的监控告警系统

部署prometheus、grafana、alertmanager，并且配置prometheus的动态、静态服务发现，实现对容器、物理节点、service、pod等资源指标监控，并在Grafana的web界面展示prometheus的监控指标，然后通过配置自定义告警规则，通过alertmanager实现qq、钉钉、微信报警。

prometheus特点

1.多维度数据模型
时间序列数据由metrics名称和键值对来组成
可以对数据进行聚合，切割等操作
所有的metrics都可以设置任意的多维标签。
2.灵活的查询语言（PromQL）可以对采集的metrics指标进行加法，乘法，连接等操作
3.可以直接在本地部署，不依赖其他分布式存储；
4.通过基于HTTP的pull方式采集时序数据；
5.可以通过中间网关pushgateway的方式把时间序列数据推送到prometheus server端；
6.可通过服务发现或者静态配置来发现目标服务对象（targets）。
7.有多种可视化图像界面，如Grafana等。
8.高效的存储，每个采样数据占3.5 bytes左右，300万的时间序列，30s间隔，保留60天，消耗磁盘大概200G。

prometheus组件介绍

1.Prometheus Server: 用于收集和存储时间序列数据。

2.Client Library: 客户端库，检测应用程序代码，当Prometheus抓取实例的HTTP端点时，客户端库会将所有跟踪的metrics指标的当前状态发送到prometheus server端。

3.Exporters: prometheus支持多种exporter，通过exporter可以采集metrics数据，然后发送到prometheus server端

4.Alertmanager: 从 Prometheus server 端接收到 alerts 后，会进行去重，分组，并路由到相应的接收方，发出报警，常见的接收方式有：电子邮件，微信，钉钉, slack等。

5.Grafana**：**监控仪表盘

6.pushgateway: 各个目标主机可上报数据到pushgatewy，然后prometheus server统一从pushgateway拉取数据。

prometheus工作流程：

1.Prometheus server可定期从活跃的（up）目标主机上（target）拉取监控指标数据，目标主机的监控数据可通过配置静态job或者服务发现的方式被prometheus server采集到，这种方式默认的pull方式拉取指标；也可通过pushgateway把采集的数据上报到prometheus server中；还可通过一些组件自带的exporter采集相应组件的数据；

2.Prometheus server把采集到的监控指标数据保存到本地磁盘或者数据库；

3.Prometheus采集的监控指标数据按时间序列存储，通过配置报警规则，把触发的报警发送到alertmanager

4.Alertmanager通过配置报警接收方，发送报警到邮件，微信或者钉钉等

5.Prometheus 自带的web ui界面提供PromQL查询语言，可查询监控数据

6.Grafana可接入prometheus数据源，把监控数据以图形化形式展示出

安装node-exporter组件

[root@master ~]# vim node-export.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: monitor-sa
  labels:
    name: node-exporter
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
     name: node-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: node-exporter
    spec:
      hostPID: true
      hostIPC: true
      hostNetwork: true
      containers:
      - name: node-exporter
        image: prom/node-exporter:v0.16.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9100
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 0.15
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        args:
        - --path.procfs
        - /host/proc
        - --path.sysfs
        - /host/sys
        - --collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points
        - '"^/(sys|proc|dev|host|etc)($|/)"'
        volumeMounts:
        - name: dev
          mountPath: /host/dev
        - name: proc
          mountPath: /host/proc
        - name: sys
          mountPath: /host/sys
        - name: rootfs
          mountPath: /rootfs
      tolerations:
      - key: "node-role.kubernetes.io/master"
        operator: "Exists"
        effect: "NoSchedule"
      volumes:
        - name: proc
          hostPath:
            path: /proc
        - name: dev
          hostPath:
            path: /dev
        - name: sys
          hostPath:
            path: /sys
        - name: rootfs
          hostPath:
            path: /

[root@master ~]# kubectl create namespace monitor-sa
namespace/monitor-sa created
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f node-export.yaml
daemonset.apps/node-exporter created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n monitor-sa -owide
NAME    			  READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP     NODE        
node-exporter-jd8fh   1/1     Running   0   2m29s   192.168.1.12   node1 
node-exporter-kq6dr   1/1     Running   0   2m29s   192.168.1.11  master 
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.1.12:9100/metrics
# HELP go_gc_duration_seconds A summary of the GC invocation durations.
# TYPE go_gc_duration_seconds summary
.....
# HELP 		解释当前指标的含义
# TYPE      当前指标的数据类型
# HELP node_cpu_guest_seconds_total Seconds the cpus spent in guests (VMs) for each mode.
# TYPE node_cpu_guest_seconds_total counter
node_cpu_guest_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="nice"} 0
node_cpu_guest_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="user"} 0
node_cpu_guest_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="nice"} 0
node_cpu_guest_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="user"} 0

#创建一个sa账号

[root@master ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount monitor -n monitor-sa
serviceaccount/monitor created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get sa -n monitor-sa
NAME      SECRETS   AGE
monitor   1         13s

把sa账号monitor通过clusterrolebing绑定到clusterrole上

[root@master ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding monitor-clusterrolebinding -n monitor-sa --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=monitor-sa:monitor

2.创建数据目录 node1上操作如下命令：

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /data
[root@node1 ~]# chmod 777 /data/

3.安装prometheus，以下步骤均在在k8s集群的master1节点操作
1）创建一个configmap存储卷，用来存放prometheus配置信息

[root@master ~]# vim prometheus-cfg.yaml
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: monitor-sa
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval: 15s
      scrape_timeout: 10s
      evaluation_interval: 1m
    scrape_configs:
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-node'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        regex: '(.*):10250'
        replacement: '${1}:9100'
        target_label: __address__
        action: replace
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-node-cadvisor'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role:  node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiserver'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name 

promtheus-cfg.yaml文件需要手动修改部分${1}  $1  $2   
22行的replacement: ':9100'变成replacement: '${1}:9100'
42行的replacement: /api/v1/nodes//proxy/metrics/cadvisor变成
              replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
73行的replacement:  变成replacement: $1:$2

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply  -f  prometheus-cfg.yaml
configmap/prometheus-config created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get configmaps -n monitor-sa
NAME                DATA   AGE
prometheus-config   1      18s

2）通过deployment部署prometheus

cat  >prometheus-deploy.yaml <

注意：在上面的prometheus-deploy.yaml文件有个nodeName字段，这个就是用来指定创建的这个prometheus的pod调度到哪个节点上，我们这里让nodeName=node1，也即是让pod调度到node1节点上，因为node1节点我们创建了数据目录/data，所以大家记住：你在k8s集群的哪个节点创建/data，就让pod调度到哪个节点。

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yaml
deployment.apps/prometheus-server created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n monitor-sa
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
node-exporter-jd8fh                  1/1     Running   0          5m
node-exporter-kq6dr                  1/1     Running   0          5m
prometheus-server-86c6ff4ffb-ztxnt   1/1     Running   0          25s

3）给prometheus pod创建一个service

cat  > prometheus-svc.yaml << EOF
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: monitor-sa
  labels:
    app: prometheus
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 9090
      targetPort: 9090
      protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app: prometheus
    component: server
EOF

[root@master ~]# kubectl  apply -f prometheus-svc.yaml
service/prometheus created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc -n monitor-sa
NAME         TYPE       CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
prometheus   NodePort   10.105.149.225           9090:30035/T  17s

浏览器访问

prometheus热更新
为了每次修改配置文件可以热加载prometheus，也就是不停止prometheus，就可以使配置生效，如修改prometheus-cfg.yaml，想要使配置生效可用如下热加载命令：

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n monitor-sa -o wide | grep prometheus
prometheus-server-86  1/1     Running   0          7m25s   10.244.1.8
[root@master ~]# curl -X POST http://10.244.1.8:9090/-/reload

Grafana安装和配置

cat  >grafana.yaml <<  EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: monitoring-grafana
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      task: monitoring
      k8s-app: grafana
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        task: monitoring
        k8s-app: grafana
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: grafana
        image: k8s.gcr.io/heapster-grafana-amd64:v5.0.4
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
          name: ca-certificates
          readOnly: true
        - mountPath: /var
          name: grafana-storage
        env:
        - name: INFLUXDB_HOST
          value: monitoring-influxdb
        - name: GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT
          value: "3000"
          # The following env variables are required to make Grafana accessible via
          # the kubernetes api-server proxy. On production clusters, we recommend
          # removing these env variables, setup auth for grafana, and expose the grafana
          # service using a LoadBalancer or a public IP.
        - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
          value: "false"
        - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
          value: "true"
        - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
          value: Admin
        - name: GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL
          # If you're only using the API Server proxy, set this value instead:
          # value: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy
          value: /
      volumes:
      - name: ca-certificates
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/ssl/certs
      - name: grafana-storage
        emptyDir: {}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    # For use as a Cluster add-on (https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons)
    # If you are NOT using this as an addon, you should comment out this line.
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
    kubernetes.io/name: monitoring-grafana
  name: monitoring-grafana
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  # In a production setup, we recommend accessing Grafana through an external Loadbalancer
  # or through a public IP.
  # type: LoadBalancer
  # You could also use NodePort to expose the service at a randomly-generated port
  # type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 3000
  selector:
    k8s-app: grafana
  type: NodePort
EOF

[root@node1 ~]# docker load -i heapster-grafana-amd64_v5_0_4.tar.gz
####grafana上传到node节点
[root@master ~]# kubectl  apply -f grafana.yaml
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system  | grep  grafana
monitoring-grafana-7d7f6cf5c6-hvb2m   1/1     Running   0          9s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system  | grep  grafana
NAME        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)            AGE
monitoring-grafana   NodePort  10.108.0.93      80:31619/TCP       17s

访问192.168.1.12:31619,创建









安装配置kube-state-metrics组件

kube-state-metrics是什么？
kube-state-metrics通过监听API Server生成有关资源对象的状态指标，比如Deployment、Node、Pod，需要注意的是kube-state-metrics只是简单的提供一个metrics数据，并不会存储这些指标数据，所以我们可以使用Prometheus来抓取这些数据然后存储，主要关注的是业务相关的一些元数据，比如Deployment、Pod、副本状态等；调度了多少个replicas？现在可用的有几个？多少个Pod是running/stopped/terminated状态？Pod重启了多少次？我有多少job在运行中。

安装kube-state-metrics组件
1）创建sa，并对sa授权

[root@master ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubestate-clusterrolebinding -n kube-system --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:kubestate
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubestate-clusterrolebinding created
[root@master ~]# kubectl create sa kubestate -n kube-system
serviceaccount/kubestate created

2)安装kube-state-metrics组件
在k8s的master1节点生成一个kube-state-metrics-deploy.yaml文件

cat > kube-state-metrics-deploy.yaml <

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-deploy.yaml
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system | grep kube-state-metrics
kube-state-metrics-557f66c7d-bx5xp    1/1     Running   0          44s

3）创建service
在8s的master1节点生成一个kube-state-metrics-svc.yaml文件

cat >kube-state-metrics-svc.yaml <

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-svc.yaml
service/kube-state-metrics created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system | grep kube-state-metrics
kube-state-metrics   ClusterIP   10.101.125.39           8080/TCP   6s

**在grafana web界面导入Kubernetes Cluster (Prometheus)-1577674936972.json




安装和配置Alertmanager-发送报警到qq邮箱
在k8s的master1节点创建alertmanager-cm.yaml文件

cat >alertmanager-cm.yaml <

alertmanager配置文件解释说明：
smtp_smarthost: ‘smtp.163.com:25’ #用于发送邮件的邮箱的SMTP服务器地址+端口
smtp_from: ‘[email protected]’ #这是指定从哪个邮箱发送报警
smtp_auth_username: ‘15011572657’ #这是发送邮箱的认证用户，不是邮箱名
smtp_auth_password: ‘BDBPRMLNZGKWRFJP’ #这是发送邮箱的授权码而不是登录密码
email_configs: - to: ‘[email protected]’ #to后面指定发送到哪个邮箱

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f alertmanager-cm.yaml
[root@master ~]# kubectl get configmaps -n monitor-sa
NAME                DATA   AGE
alertmanager        1      78s

**在k8s的master1节点重新生成一个prometheus-cfg.yaml文件
**
cat prometheus-cfg.yaml

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: monitor-sa
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    rule_files:
    - /etc/prometheus/rules.yml
    alerting:
      alertmanagers:
      - static_configs:
        - targets: ["localhost:9093"]
    global:
      scrape_interval: 15s
      scrape_timeout: 10s
      evaluation_interval: 1m
    scrape_configs:
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-node'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        regex: '(.*):10250'
        replacement: '${1}:9100'
        target_label: __address__
        action: replace
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-node-cadvisor'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role:  node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiserver'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name 
    - job_name: kubernetes-pods
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: pod
      relabel_configs:
      - action: keep
        regex: true
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape
      - action: replace
        regex: (.+)
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path
        target_label: __metrics_path__
      - action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        source_labels:
        - __address__
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port
        target_label: __address__
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_namespace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
        target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-schedule'
      scrape_interval: 5s
      static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.1.11:10251']
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-controller-manager'
      scrape_interval: 5s
      static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.1.11:10252']
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-kube-proxy'
      scrape_interval: 5s
      static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.1.11:10249','192.168.1.12:10249']
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-etcd'
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/k8s-certs/etcd/ca.crt
        cert_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/k8s-certs/etcd/server.crt
        key_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/k8s-certs/etcd/server.key
      scrape_interval: 5s
      static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.1.11:2379']
  rules.yml: |
    groups:
    - name: example
      rules:
      - alert: kube-proxy的cpu使用率大于80%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
      - alert:  kube-proxy的cpu使用率大于90%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy"}[1m]) * 100 > 90
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
      - alert: scheduler的cpu使用率大于80%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-schedule"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
      - alert:  scheduler的cpu使用率大于90%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-schedule"}[1m]) * 100 > 90
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
      - alert: controller-manager的cpu使用率大于80%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
      - alert:  controller-manager的cpu使用率大于90%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"}[1m]) * 100 > 0
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
      - alert: apiserver的cpu使用率大于80%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-apiserver"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
      - alert:  apiserver的cpu使用率大于90%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-apiserver"}[1m]) * 100 > 90
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
      - alert: etcd的cpu使用率大于80%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-etcd"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
      - alert:  etcd的cpu使用率大于90%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-etcd"}[1m]) * 100 > 90
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
      - alert: kube-state-metrics的cpu使用率大于80%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{k8s_app=~"kube-state-metrics"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.k8s_app}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
          value: "{{ $value }}%"
          threshold: "80%"      
      - alert: kube-state-metrics的cpu使用率大于90%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{k8s_app=~"kube-state-metrics"}[1m]) * 100 > 0
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.k8s_app}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
          value: "{{ $value }}%"
          threshold: "90%"      
      - alert: coredns的cpu使用率大于80%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{k8s_app=~"kube-dns"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.k8s_app}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
          value: "{{ $value }}%"
          threshold: "80%"      
      - alert: coredns的cpu使用率大于90%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{k8s_app=~"kube-dns"}[1m]) * 100 > 90
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.k8s_app}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
          value: "{{ $value }}%"
          threshold: "90%"      
      - alert: kube-proxy打开句柄数>600
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy"}  > 600
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>600"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kube-proxy打开句柄数>1000
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy"}  > 1000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>1000"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-schedule打开句柄数>600
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-schedule"}  > 600
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>600"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-schedule打开句柄数>1000
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-schedule"}  > 1000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>1000"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-controller-manager打开句柄数>600
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"}  > 600
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>600"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-controller-manager打开句柄数>1000
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"}  > 1000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>1000"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-apiserver打开句柄数>600
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-apiserver"}  > 600
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>600"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-apiserver打开句柄数>1000
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-apiserver"}  > 1000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>1000"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-etcd打开句柄数>600
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-etcd"}  > 600
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>600"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-etcd打开句柄数>1000
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-etcd"}  > 1000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>1000"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: coredns
        expr: process_open_fds{k8s_app=~"kube-dns"}  > 600
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning 
        annotations:
          description: "插件{{$labels.k8s_app}}({{$labels.instance}}): 打开句柄数超过600"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: coredns
        expr: process_open_fds{k8s_app=~"kube-dns"}  > 1000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "插件{{$labels.k8s_app}}({{$labels.instance}}): 打开句柄数超过1000"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kube-proxy
        expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy"}  > 2000000000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: scheduler
        expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{job=~"kubernetes-schedule"}  > 2000000000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-controller-manager
        expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"}  > 2000000000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-apiserver
        expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{job=~"kubernetes-apiserver"}  > 2000000000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-etcd
        expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{job=~"kubernetes-etcd"}  > 2000000000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kube-dns
        expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{k8s_app=~"kube-dns"}  > 2000000000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "插件{{$labels.k8s_app}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: HttpRequestsAvg
        expr: sum(rate(rest_client_requests_total{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy|kubernetes-kubelet|kubernetes-schedule|kubernetes-control-manager|kubernetes-apiservers"}[1m]))  > 1000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): TPS超过1000"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "1000"   
      - alert: Pod_restarts
        expr: kube_pod_container_status_restarts_total{namespace=~"kube-system|default|monitor-sa"} > 0
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "在{{$labels.namespace}}名称空间下发现{{$labels.pod}}这个pod下的容器{{$labels.container}}被重启,这个监控指标是由{{$labels.instance}}采集的"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "0"
      - alert: Pod_waiting
        expr: kube_pod_container_status_waiting_reason{namespace=~"kube-system|default"} == 1
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "空间{{$labels.namespace}}({{$labels.instance}}): 发现{{$labels.pod}}下的{{$labels.container}}启动异常等待中"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "1"   
      - alert: Pod_terminated
        expr: kube_pod_container_status_terminated_reason{namespace=~"kube-system|default|monitor-sa"} == 1
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "空间{{$labels.namespace}}({{$labels.instance}}): 发现{{$labels.pod}}下的{{$labels.container}}被删除"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "1"
      - alert: Etcd_leader
        expr: etcd_server_has_leader{job="kubernetes-etcd"} == 0
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 当前没有leader"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "0"
      - alert: Etcd_leader_changes
        expr: rate(etcd_server_leader_changes_seen_total{job="kubernetes-etcd"}[1m]) > 0
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 当前leader已发生改变"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "0"
      - alert: Etcd_failed
        expr: rate(etcd_server_proposals_failed_total{job="kubernetes-etcd"}[1m]) > 0
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 服务失败"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "0"
      - alert: Etcd_db_total_size
        expr: etcd_debugging_mvcc_db_total_size_in_bytes{job="kubernetes-etcd"} > 10000000000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}})：db空间超过10G"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "10G"
      - alert: Endpoint_ready
        expr: kube_endpoint_address_not_ready{namespace=~"kube-system|default"} == 1
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "空间{{$labels.namespace}}({{$labels.instance}}): 发现{{$labels.endpoint}}不可用"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "1"
    - name: 物理节点状态-监控告警
      rules:
      - alert: 物理节点cpu使用率
        expr: 100-avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) by(instance)*100 > 90
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: ccritical
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.instance }}cpu使用率过高"
          description: "{{ $labels.instance }}的cpu使用率超过90%,当前使用率[{{ $value }}],需要排查处理" 
      - alert: 物理节点内存使用率
        expr: (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes - (node_memory_MemFree_bytes + node_memory_Buffers_bytes + node_memory_Cached_bytes)) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100 > 90
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.instance }}内存使用率过高"
          description: "{{ $labels.instance }}的内存使用率超过90%,当前使用率[{{ $value }}],需要排查处理"
      - alert: InstanceDown
        expr: up == 0
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:   
          summary: "{{ $labels.instance }}: 服务器宕机"
          description: "{{ $labels.instance }}: 服务器延时超过2分钟"
      - alert: 物理节点磁盘的IO性能
        expr: 100-(avg(irate(node_disk_io_time_seconds_total[1m])) by(instance)* 100) < 60
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 流入磁盘IO使用率过高！"
          description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }} 流入磁盘IO大于60%(目前使用:{{$value}})"
      - alert: 入网流量带宽
        expr: ((sum(rate (node_network_receive_bytes_total{device!~'tap.*|veth.*|br.*|docker.*|virbr*|lo*'}[5m])) by (instance)) / 100) > 102400
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 流入网络带宽过高！"
          description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }}流入网络带宽持续5分钟高于100M. RX带宽使用率{{$value}}"
      - alert: 出网流量带宽
        expr: ((sum(rate (node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device!~'tap.*|veth.*|br.*|docker.*|virbr*|lo*'}[5m])) by (instance)) / 100) > 102400
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 流出网络带宽过高！"
          description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }}流出网络带宽持续5分钟高于100M. RX带宽使用率{{$value}}"
      - alert: TCP会话
        expr: node_netstat_Tcp_CurrEstab > 1000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} TCP_ESTABLISHED过高！"
          description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }} TCP_ESTABLISHED大于1000%(目前使用:{{$value}}%)"
      - alert: 磁盘容量
        expr: 100-(node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}/node_filesystem_size_bytes {fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}*100) > 80
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 磁盘分区使用率过高！"
          description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }} 磁盘分区使用大于80%(目前使用:{{$value}}%)"

修改自己的集群IP

[root@master ~]# cat -n prometheus-cfg.yaml | grep 192.168
   120        - targets: ['192.168.1.11:10251']
   124        - targets: ['192.168.1.11:10252']
   128        - targets: ['192.168.1.11:10249','192.168.1.12:10249']
   137        - targets: ['192.168.1.11:2379']

方便查看报警修改的实际的报警指标

[root@master ~]# cat -n prometheus-cfg.yaml | grep "> 0"
   178          expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"}[1m]) * 100 > 0
   222          expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{k8s_app=~"kube-state-metrics"}[1m]) * 100 > 0
   402          expr: kube_pod_container_status_restarts_total{namespace=~"kube-system|default|monitor-sa"} > 0
   438          expr: rate(etcd_server_leader_changes_seen_total{job="kubernetes-etcd"}[1m]) > 0
   447          expr: rate(etcd_server_proposals_failed_total{job="kubernetes-etcd"}[1m]) > 0

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
[root@master ~]# kubectl get configmaps -n monitor-sa
NAME                DATA   AGE
alertmanager        1      18m
prometheus-config   2      3h29m
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe configmaps prometheus-config -n monitor-sa

在k8s的master1节点重新生成一个prometheus-deploy.yaml文件

cat >prometheus-deploy.yaml <

生成一个etcd-certs，这个在部署prometheus需要

[root@master ~]# kubectl -n monitor-sa create secret generic etcd-certs --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt
secret/etcd-certs created
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yaml
deployment.apps/prometheus-server configured
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n monitor-sa | grep prometheus
prometheus-server-77c6dddd55-s4bzg   2/2     Running   0          13s

在k8s的master1节点重新生成一个alertmanager-svc.yaml文件

cat >alertmanager-svc.yaml <

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f alertmanager-svc.yaml
service/alertmanager created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc -n monitor-sa
NAME           TYPE       CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
alertmanager   NodePort   10.103.60.117            9093:30066/TCP   5s
prometheus     NodePort   10.109.238.217           9090:31467/TCP

此时邮箱已经收到报警了，或者再稍等会儿查看

访问prometheus的web界面 192.168.1.11:30066

配置Alertmanager报警-发送报警到钉钉

2.安装钉钉的webhook插件，在k8s的master1节点操作

cd prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-0.3.0.linux-amd64

启动钉钉报警插件

[root@master ~]# tar zxvf prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-0.3.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@master ~]# cd prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-0.3.0.linux-amd64
[root@master prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-0.3.0.linux-amd64]# nohup ./prometheus-webhook-dingtalk --web.listen-address="0.0.0.0:8060" --ding.profile="cluster1=https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=67276f5bfaa874341d544bd" &
##网址就是上面的webhook地址

重新生成一个新的alertmanager-cm.yaml文件

cat >alertmanager-cm.yaml <

通过kubectl apply使配置生效，不起效的话删除重新apply

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f alertmanager-cm.yaml
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yaml