Kubernetes v1.25 搭建单节点集群用于Debug K8S源码

参考说明

参考自：v1.25.0-CentOS-binary-install-IPv6-IPv4-Three-Masters-Two-Slaves.md，按照自己的理解修改了下。

搭建好的单节点v1.25.4版本集群

1. 集群环境准备

1.1. 主机规划

IP	主机名	主机角色	操作系统	安装组件
192.168.11.71	k8s-master1	master,worker	Centos7.9	api-server, controller-manager, scheduler, etcd, kubectl, kubelet, kube-proxy, containerd, runc

1.2. 软件版本

软件	版本	备注
kubernetes	v1.25.4
etcd	v3.5.4
calico	v3.19.4
corends	v1.8.4
containerd	v1.6.10
runc	v1.1.0
crictl	v1.24.2
cni	v1.1.1
cfssl	v1.6.3

1.3. 网络分配

网络名称	网段	备注
Node网络	192.168.11.0/24
Service网络	10.96.0.0/12
Pod网络	172.16.0.0/12

2. 集群部署

2.1. 主机准备

UUID也需要修改，每个主机的UUID必须要设置不一致，MAC地址也必须不一样，对于通过虚拟机clone的方式尤其需要注意，它们的UUID, MAC地址是一样的
分别修改每台主机的IP地址，以及hostname；由于我这里每台主机都是通过VMware克隆出来的，所以其主机IP都是一样的

sed -i 's/IPADDR=192.168.11.11/IPADDR=192.168.11.71/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master1
reboot

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.11.71 k8s-master1
EOF

# 时间同步
yum install -y chrony
systemctl start chronyd
systemctl enable chronyd
chronyc sources

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl disable --now firewalld

# 关闭selinux
setenforce 0
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
sestatus

# 关闭交换分区
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
cat /etc/fstab

# 时间同步
yum install -y chrony
systemctl start chronyd
systemctl enable chronyd
chronyc sources

# 网络配置
# 方式一
# systemctl disable --now NetworkManager
# systemctl start network && systemctl enable network

# 方式二
cat > /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/calico.conf << EOF
[keyfile]
unmanaged-devices=interface-name:cali*;interface-name:tunl*
EOF
systemctl restart NetworkManager

# 主机系统优化
ulimit -SHn 65535
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* seft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimitedd
EOF

yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y

tee /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf << 'EOF'
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
EOF

systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service

# 查看模块是否已经被启用
lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

# 优化内核参数
tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << 'EOF'
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384

net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 0
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 0
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1

EOF

sysctl --system

# 加载containerd相关内核模块
modprobe overlay
modprobe br_netfilter

tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf << 'EOF'
overlay
br_netfileter
EOF

systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service

# 安装必备工具
yum -y install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools tree telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git network-scripts tar curl tree -y

reboot

重启之后需要查看一下ipvs, containerd相关模块加载情况

lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

lsmod | egrep 'br_netfilter | overlay'

2.2. 下载etcd, k8s, cfssl软件安装包

K8S版本可以参考该链接：github参考地址

# 创建工作目录
mkdir -p /data/work
cd /data/work

# 下载cfssl工具
CFSSL_VERSION=1.6.3
wget -O cfssl_linux-amd64 https://ghproxy.com/https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v${CFSSL_VERSION}/cfssl_${CFSSL_VERSION}_linux_amd64
wget -O cfssljson_linux-amd64 https://ghproxy.com/https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v${CFSSL_VERSION}/cfssljson_${CFSSL_VERSION}_linux_amd64
wget -O cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 https://ghproxy.com/https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v${CFSSL_VERSION}/cfssl-certinfo_${CFSSL_VERSION}_linux_amd64

chmod +x cfssl*
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo



ETCD_VERSION=v3.5.4
wget https://ghproxy.com/https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/${ETCD_VERSION}/etcd-${ETCD_VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf etcd-${ETCD_VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp -ar etcd-${ETCD_VERSION}-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/etcd*
ls -ll /usr/local/bin/etcd*
etcdctl version


CONTAINERD_VERSION=1.6.10
wget https://ghproxy.com/https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v${CONTAINERD_VERSION}/cri-containerd-cni-${CONTAINERD_VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvzf cri-containerd-cni-*-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /

RUNC_VERSION=1.1.4
wget https://ghproxy.com/https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v${RUNC_VERSION}/runc.amd64
mv runc.amd64 runc && chmod +x runc && mv -f runc /usr/local/sbin/


K8S_VERSION=v1.25.4
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/${K8S_VERSION}/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd  kubernetes/server/bin/

cp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl kubelet kube-proxy /usr/local/bin/

# 退出目录，回到/data/work工作目录中，后续所有的操作依然在本目录中
cd /data/work/

2.3. 生成CA证书

cat > ca-csr.json   << EOF
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "Kubernetes",
      "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
    }
  ],
  "ca": {
    "expiry": "876000h"
  }
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json  | cfssljson -bare ca

cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "876000h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
        "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ],
        "expiry": "876000h"
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki
cp ca*.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki/

2.4. 部署ETCD

# 生成ETCD CA请求文件
tee etcd-ca-csr.json << 'EOF'
{
  "CN": "etcd",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "etcd",
      "OU": "Etcd Security"
    }
  ],
  "ca": {
    "expiry": "876000h"
  }
}
EOF

# 创建etcd csr请求文件
tee etcd-csr.json << 'EOF'
{
  "CN": "etcd",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "etcd",
      "OU": "Etcd Security"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 生成ETCD CA证书
cfssl gencert -initca etcd-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd-ca

# 生成etcd相关证书
cfssl gencert \
   -ca=etcd-ca.pem \
   -ca-key=etcd-ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -hostname=127.0.0.1,k8s-master1,192.168.11.71 \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd
ls -ll etcd*.pem

# 创建ETCD服务配置文件
tee etcd-config.yml << 'EOF'
name: 'etcd1'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.11.71:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://192.168.11.71:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.11.71:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://192.168.11.71:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'etcd1=https://192.168.11.71:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-v2: true
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  peer-client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false
EOF

# 创建etcd服务启动文件
tee etcd.service << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Service
Documentation=https://coreos.com/etcd/docs/latest/
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd --config-file=/etc/etcd/etcd-config.yml
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=etcd3.service
EOF

mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl
cp etcd*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl/
cp etcd-config.yml /etc/etcd/
cp etcd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd /var/lib/etcd
ln -s /etc/etcd/ssl/* /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/

# 启动ETCD
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable etcd.service && systemctl start etcd.service


# 查看ETCD各节点的健康状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 && /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.11.71:2379 endpoint health

# 查看成员列表
ETCDCTL_API=3 && /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.11.71:2379 member list

# 查看数据库大小以及哪个节点是Leader节点
ETCDCTL_API=3 && /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.11.71:2379 endpoint status

# 检查ETCD的性能
ETCDCTL_API=3 && /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.11.71:2379 check perf

执行结果

[root@k8s-master1 work]# # 查看ETCD各节点的健康状态
[root@k8s-master1 work]# ETCDCTL_API=3 && /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.11.71:2379 endpoint health
+----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
|          ENDPOINT          | HEALTH |    TOOK     | ERROR |
+----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| https://192.168.11.71:2379 |   true | 14.286573ms |       |
+----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
[root@k8s-master1 work]#
[root@k8s-master1 work]# # 查看成员列表
[root@k8s-master1 work]# ETCDCTL_API=3 && /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.11.71:2379 member list
+------------------+---------+-------+----------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
|        ID        | STATUS  | NAME  |         PEER ADDRS         |        CLIENT ADDRS        | IS LEARNER |
+------------------+---------+-------+----------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
| 5ce02800cf5f635d | started | etcd1 | https://192.168.11.71:2380 | https://192.168.11.71:2379 |      false |
+------------------+---------+-------+----------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
[root@k8s-master1 work]#
[root@k8s-master1 work]# # 查看数据库大小以及哪个节点是Leader节点
[root@k8s-master1 work]# ETCDCTL_API=3 && /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.11.71:2379 endpoint status
+----------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
|          ENDPOINT          |        ID        | VERSION | DB SIZE | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS |
+----------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
| https://192.168.11.71:2379 | 5ce02800cf5f635d |   3.5.4 |   20 kB |      true |      false |         2 |          5 |                  5 |        |
+----------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
[root@k8s-master1 work]#
[root@k8s-master1 work]# # 检查ETCD的性能
[root@k8s-master1 work]# ETCDCTL_API=3 && /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.11.71:2379 check perf
 59 / 60 Booooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooom  !  98.33%PASS: Throughput is 150 writes/s
PASS: Slowest request took 0.073586s
PASS: Stddev is 0.002288s
PASS
[root@k8s-master1 work]#

2.5. 部署apiserver

tee kube-apiserver-csr.json << 'EOF'
{
  "CN": "kube-apiserver",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "Kubernetes",
      "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 生成apiserver证书
cfssl gencert   \
  -ca=ca.pem   \
  -ca-key=ca-key.pem   \
  -config=ca-config.json   \
  -hostname=10.96.0.1,127.0.0.1,kubernetes,kubernetes.default,kubernetes.default.svc,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,192.168.11.71  \
  -profile=kubernetes   kube-apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-apiserver



cat > front-proxy-ca-csr.json  << EOF
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {
     "algo": "rsa",
     "size": 2048
  },
  "ca": {
    "expiry": "876000h"
  }
}
EOF

cat > front-proxy-client-csr.json  << EOF
{
  "CN": "front-proxy-client",
  "key": {
     "algo": "rsa",
     "size": 2048
  }
}
EOF


# 生成apiserver聚合证书
cfssl gencert -initca front-proxy-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare front-proxy-ca

cfssl gencert  \
  -ca=front-proxy-ca.pem   \
  -ca-key=front-proxy-ca-key.pem   \
  -config=ca-config.json   \
  -profile=kubernetes   front-proxy-client-csr.json | cfssljson -bare front-proxy-client

# 创建ServiceAccount Key ——secret
openssl genrsa -out sa.key 2048
openssl rsa -in sa.key -pubout -out sa.pub

# 这里必须使用cat命令，不能使用tee命令，否者这里的$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')不会被解析
cat > token.csv << EOF
$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '),kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF


# 创建apiserver配置文件
tee kube-apiserver.conf << 'EOF'
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--v=4  \
      --allow-privileged=true  \
      --bind-address=0.0.0.0  \
      --secure-port=6443  \
      --advertise-address=192.168.11.71 \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12  \
      --service-node-port-range=30000-50000  \
      --etcd-servers=https://192.168.11.71:2379 \
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem  \
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem  \
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem  \
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/kube-apiserver.pem  \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/kube-apiserver-key.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/kube-apiserver.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/kube-apiserver-key.pem  \
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub  \
      --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key  \
      --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \
      --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem  \
      --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem  \
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \
      --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \
      --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
      --enable-aggregator-routing=true"
EOF

# 创建apiserver服务启动文件
tee kube-apiserver.service << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=etcd.service
Wants=etcd.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 移动apiserver配置文件到相应位置
cp kube-apiserver*.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki/
cp front-proxy*.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki/
cp sa.pub sa.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/
cp kube-apiserver.conf token.csv /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-apiserver.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
# 所有节点都需要执行
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/manifests/ /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes

# 启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-apiserver && systemctl start kube-apiserver


systemctl status kube-apiserver

curl --insecure https://192.168.11.71:6443/

执行结果

[root@k8s-master1 ~]# systemctl status kube-apiserver
● kube-apiserver.service - Kubernetes API Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service; enabled;                                                                                vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-11-17 22:16:20 CST; 1min 25s ago
     Docs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 Main PID: 52956 (kube-apiserver)
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-apiserver.service
           └─52956 /usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver --enable-admission-plugi...

Nov 17 22:17:22 k8s-master1 kube-apiserver[52956]: I1117 22:17:22.478545 ...
Nov 17 22:17:22 k8s-master1 kube-apiserver[52956]: I1117 22:17:22.484930 ...
Nov 17 22:17:32 k8s-master1 kube-apiserver[52956]: I1117 22:17:32.464028 ...
Nov 17 22:17:32 k8s-master1 kube-apiserver[52956]: I1117 22:17:32.469795 ...
Nov 17 22:17:32 k8s-master1 kube-apiserver[52956]: I1117 22:17:32.481656 ...
Nov 17 22:17:32 k8s-master1 kube-apiserver[52956]: I1117 22:17:32.485503 ...
Nov 17 22:17:42 k8s-master1 kube-apiserver[52956]: I1117 22:17:42.463590 ...
Nov 17 22:17:42 k8s-master1 kube-apiserver[52956]: I1117 22:17:42.467854 ...
Nov 17 22:17:42 k8s-master1 kube-apiserver[52956]: I1117 22:17:42.480078 ...
Nov 17 22:17:42 k8s-master1 kube-apiserver[52956]: I1117 22:17:42.486241 ...
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@k8s-master1 ~]#
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# curl --insecure https://192.168.11.71:6443/
{
  "kind": "Status",
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "metadata": {},
  "status": "Failure",
  "message": "Unauthorized",
  "reason": "Unauthorized",
  "code": 401
[root@k8s-master1 ~]#

2.6. 部署controller-manager

tee kube-controller-manager-csr.json << 'EOF'
{
  "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
      "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 创建controller-manager证书
cfssl gencert \
   -ca=ca.pem \
   -ca-key=ca-key.pem \
   -hostname=127.0.0.1,192.168.11.71 \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager


# 创建Kube-controller-manager的kubeconfig
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://192.168.11.71:6443 \
     --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \
    --cluster=kubernetes \
    --user=system:kube-controller-manager \
    --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
     --client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem \
     --client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

# 设置当前上下文
kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

# 创建controller-manager配置文件
tee kube-controller-manager.conf << 'EOF'
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--v=4 \
      --bind-address=127.0.0.1 \
      --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
      --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
      --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
      --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key \
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
      --leader-elect=true \
      --use-service-account-credentials=true \
      --node-monitor-grace-period=40s \
      --node-monitor-period=5s \
      --pod-eviction-timeout=2m0s \
      --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
      --allocate-node-cidrs=true \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12 \
      --cluster-cidr=172.16.0.0/12 \
      --node-cidr-mask-size-ipv4=24 \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem"
EOF

# 创建服务启动文件
tee kube-controller-manager.service << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF


# 复制配置文件到对应目录
cp kube-controller-manager*.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki/
cp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-controller-manager.conf /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-controller-manager.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/


systemctl daemon-reload  &&systemctl enable kube-controller-manager && systemctl start kube-controller-manager && systemctl status kube-controller-manager

2.7. 部署scheduler

tee kube-scheduler-csr.json << 'EOF'
{
  "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "system:kube-scheduler",
      "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 创建证书
cfssl gencert \
   -ca=ca.pem \
   -ca-key=ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler


# 创建kube-scheduler的kubeconfig文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://192.168.11.71:6443 \
     --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \
     --client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem \
     --client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \
     --cluster=kubernetes \
     --user=system:kube-scheduler \
     --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

# 设置当前上下文
kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig


# 创建kube-scheduler的配置文件
tee kube-scheduler.conf << 'EOF'
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--v=4 \
      --bind-address=127.0.0.1 \
      --leader-elect=true \
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
EOF


# 创建kube-scheduler服务启动文件
tee kube-scheduler.service << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF


# 拷贝kube-scheduler到合适的集群节点中
cp kube-scheduler*.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki/
cp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-scheduler.conf /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-scheduler.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/


systemctl daemon-reload &&  systemctl enable kube-scheduler && systemctl start kube-scheduler && systemctl status kube-scheduler

2.8. 部署kubectl

tee admin-csr.json << 'EOF'
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 生成admin证书
cfssl gencert \
    -ca=ca.pem \
    -ca-key=ca-key.pem \
    -config=ca-config.json \
    -profile=kubernetes \
    admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin


kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=https://192.168.11.71:6443 \
  --kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig

# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubernetes-admin \
  --client-certificate=admin.pem \
  --client-key=admin-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig

# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kubernetes-admin \
  --kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig

# 设置当前上下文
kubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes \
  --kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig



mkdir -p /root/.kube; cp admin.kubeconfig /root/.kube/config
cp admin*.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki

yum install -y bash-completion
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
source <(kubectl completion bash)
kubectl completion bash > ~/.kube/completion.bash.inc
source '/root/.kube/completion.bash.inc'
source $HOME/.bash_profile


# 查看集群状态
kubectl cluster-info
kubectl get componentstatuses
kubectl get all --all-namespaces

2.9. 安装containerd

#创建服务启动文件
tee /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=containerd container runtime
Documentation=https://containerd.io
After=network.target local-fs.target

[Service]
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe overlay
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/containerd
Type=notify
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
LimitNOFILE=infinity
TasksMax=infinity
OOMScoreAdjust=-999

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 配置containerd所需要的模块
cat <<EOF | tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

# 加载overlay, br_netfilter模块
systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service

# 配置contaienrd所需要的内核参数
cat <<EOF | tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOF

# 加载内核参数
sysctl --system

# 创建默认配置文件
mkdir -p /etc/containerd
# 创建containerd默认配置文件
#containerd config default | tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
#sed -i "s#SystemdCgroup = false#SystemdCgroup = true#" /etc/containerd/config.toml
#sed -i "s#registry.k8s.io#registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers#" /etc/containerd/config.toml

# 直接生成配置文件，注意以下版本，这里生成的是containerd 1.6.10的配置，其它版本的配置应该生成默认的配置，然后进行更改
tee /etc/containerd/config.toml << 'EOF'
disabled_plugins = []
imports = []
oom_score = 0
plugin_dir = ""
required_plugins = []
root = "/var/lib/containerd"
state = "/run/containerd"
temp = ""
version = 2

[cgroup]
  path = ""

[debug]
  address = ""
  format = ""
  gid = 0
  level = ""
  uid = 0

[grpc]
  address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
  gid = 0
  max_recv_message_size = 16777216
  max_send_message_size = 16777216
  tcp_address = ""
  tcp_tls_ca = ""
  tcp_tls_cert = ""
  tcp_tls_key = ""
  uid = 0

[metrics]
  address = ""
  grpc_histogram = false

[plugins]

  [plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]
    deletion_threshold = 0
    mutation_threshold = 100
    pause_threshold = 0.02
    schedule_delay = "0s"
    startup_delay = "100ms"

  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
    device_ownership_from_security_context = false
    disable_apparmor = false
    disable_cgroup = false
    disable_hugetlb_controller = true
    disable_proc_mount = false
    disable_tcp_service = true
    enable_selinux = false
    enable_tls_streaming = false
    enable_unprivileged_icmp = false
    enable_unprivileged_ports = false
    ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
    max_concurrent_downloads = 3
    max_container_log_line_size = 16384
    netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false
    restrict_oom_score_adj = false
    sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6"
    selinux_category_range = 1024
    stats_collect_period = 10
    stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"
    stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
    stream_server_port = "0"
    systemd_cgroup = false
    tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true
    unset_seccomp_profile = ""

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]
      bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
      conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
      conf_template = ""
      ip_pref = ""
      max_conf_num = 1

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
      default_runtime_name = "runc"
      disable_snapshot_annotations = true
      discard_unpacked_layers = false
      ignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = false
      no_pivot = false
      snapshotter = "overlayfs"

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
          base_runtime_spec = ""
          cni_conf_dir = ""
          cni_max_conf_num = 0
          container_annotations = []
          pod_annotations = []
          privileged_without_host_devices = false
          runtime_engine = ""
          runtime_path = ""
          runtime_root = ""
          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"

          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
            BinaryName = ""
            CriuImagePath = ""
            CriuPath = ""
            CriuWorkPath = ""
            IoGid = 0
            IoUid = 0
            NoNewKeyring = false
            NoPivotRoot = false
            Root = ""
            ShimCgroup = ""
            SystemdCgroup = true

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options]

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]
      key_model = "node"

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
      config_path = ""

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."docker.io"]
          endpoint = ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn", "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"]
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."gcr.io"]
          endpoint = ["https://gcr.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."k8s.gcr.io"]
          endpoint = ["https://gcr.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/google-containers/"]
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."quay.io"]
          endpoint = ["https://quay.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]
      tls_cert_file = ""
      tls_key_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]
    path = "/opt/containerd"

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]
    interval = "10s"

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing"]
    sampling_ratio = 1.0
    service_name = "containerd"

  [plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]
    content_sharing_policy = "shared"

  [plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]
    no_prometheus = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]
    no_shim = false
    runtime = "runc"
    runtime_root = ""
    shim = "containerd-shim"
    shim_debug = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]
    platforms = ["linux/amd64"]
    sched_core = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]
    default = ["walking"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service"]
    rdt_config_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]
    async_remove = false
    base_image_size = ""
    discard_blocks = false
    fs_options = ""
    fs_type = ""
    pool_name = ""
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]
    root_path = ""
    upperdir_label = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp"]
    endpoint = ""
    insecure = false
    protocol = ""

[proxy_plugins]

[stream_processors]

  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"

  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"

[timeouts]
  "io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open" = "0s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"

[ttrpc]
  address = ""
  gid = 0
  uid = 0
EOF



systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now containerd
systemctl restart  containerd

# 验证containerd是否安装成功
crictl info

# 验证是否可以下载镜像
ctr images pull docker.io/library/redis:alpine

2.10. 部署kubelet

cat > bootstrap.secret.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: bootstrap-token-c8ad9c
  namespace: kube-system
type: bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token
stringData:
  description: "The default bootstrap token generated by 'kubelet '."
  token-id: c8ad9c
  token-secret: 2e4d610cf3e7426e
  usage-bootstrap-authentication: "true"
  usage-bootstrap-signing: "true"
  auth-extra-groups:  system:bootstrappers:default-node-token,system:bootstrappers:worker,system:bootstrappers:ingress
 
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubelet-bootstrap
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:node-bootstrapper
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Group
  name: system:bootstrappers:default-node-token
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: node-autoapprove-bootstrap
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Group
  name: system:bootstrappers:default-node-token
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: node-autoapprove-certificate-rotation
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Group
  name: system:nodes
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kube-apiserver
EOF

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     \
  --certificate-authority=ca.pem     \
  --embed-certs=true  \
  --server=https://192.168.11.71:6443     \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

## token的位置在bootstrap.secret.yaml，如果修改的话到这个文件修改
kubectl config set-credentials tls-bootstrap-token-user  \
  --token=c8ad9c.2e4d610cf3e7426e \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes     \
  --cluster=kubernetes     \
  --user=tls-bootstrap-token-user     \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes     \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig


cat > kubelet-conf.yml <<EOF
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
cgroupDriver: systemd
cgroupsPerQOS: true
clusterDNS:
- 10.96.0.10
clusterDomain: cluster.local
containerLogMaxFiles: 5
containerLogMaxSize: 10Mi
contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
cpuCFSQuota: true
cpuManagerPolicy: none
cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: 10s
enableControllerAttachDetach: true
enableDebuggingHandlers: true
enforceNodeAllocatable:
- pods
eventBurst: 10
eventRecordQPS: 5
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
evictionPressureTransitionPeriod: 5m0s
failSwapOn: true
fileCheckFrequency: 20s
hairpinMode: promiscuous-bridge
healthzBindAddress: 127.0.0.1
healthzPort: 10248
httpCheckFrequency: 20s
imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
imageMinimumGCAge: 2m0s
iptablesDropBit: 15
iptablesMasqueradeBit: 14
kubeAPIBurst: 10
kubeAPIQPS: 5
makeIPTablesUtilChains: true
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
nodeStatusUpdateFrequency: 10s
oomScoreAdj: -999
podPidsLimit: -1
registryBurst: 10
registryPullQPS: 5
resolvConf: /etc/resolv.conf
rotateCertificates: true
runtimeRequestTimeout: 2m0s
serializeImagePulls: true
staticPodPath: /etc/kubernetes/manifests
streamingConnectionIdleTimeout: 4h0m0s
syncFrequency: 1m0s
volumeStatsAggPeriod: 1m0s
EOF

# 创建kubelet服务启动配置文件
tee kubelet.service << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=containerd.service
Requires=containerd.service

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \
  --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml \
  --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock \
  --node-labels=node.kubernetes.io/node= \
  --v=8
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF


mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/manifests/ /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes
cp kubelet-conf.yml /etc/kubernetes/
cp kubelet.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
cp bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/


kubectl create -f bootstrap.secret.yaml


systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kubelet &&  systemctl start kubelet && systemctl status kubelet

echo "sleep 20s" && sleep 20
kubectl get nodes -owide
kubectl get csr

执行结果，注意kubelet的启动需要一定时间，等个一两分钟再执行此命令如果还不是该结果，那么多半是配置哪里出问题了

[root@k8s-master1 work]#
[root@k8s-master1 work]# kubectl get nodes -owide
NAME          STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION    INTERNAL-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   OS-IMAGE                KERNEL-VERSION              CONTAINER-RUNTIME
k8s-master1   Ready    <none>   53s   v1.21.14   192.168.11.71   <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   6.0.7-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64   containerd://1.6.10
[root@k8s-master1 work]# kubectl get csr
NAME        AGE     SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
csr-z56vc   2m12s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
[root@k8s-master1 work]#
[root@k8s-master1 work]#

2.11. 部署proxy

tee kube-proxy-csr.json << 'EOF'
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "system:kube-proxy",
      "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
    }
  ]
}
EOF


cfssl gencert \
   -ca=ca.pem \
   -ca-key=ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy


kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     \
  --certificate-authority=ca.pem     \
  --embed-certs=true     \
  --server=https://192.168.11.71:6443     \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy  \
  --client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem     \
  --client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem     \
  --embed-certs=true     \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context kube-proxy@kubernetes  \
  --cluster=kubernetes     \
  --user=kube-proxy     \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context kube-proxy@kubernetes \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig


tee kube-proxy.yaml << 'EOF'
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
clientConnection:
  acceptContentTypes: ""
  burst: 10
  contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
  qps: 5
clusterCIDR: 172.16.0.0/12
configSyncPeriod: 15m0s
conntrack:
  maxPerCore: 32768
  min: 131072
  tcpCloseWaitTimeout: 1h0m0s
  tcpEstablishedTimeout: 24h0m0s
enableProfiling: false
healthzBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10256
hostnameOverride: ""
iptables:
  masqueradeAll: false
  masqueradeBit: 14
  minSyncPeriod: 0s
  syncPeriod: 30s
ipvs:
  masqueradeAll: true
  minSyncPeriod: 5s
  scheduler: "rr"
  syncPeriod: 30s
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 127.0.0.1:10249
mode: "ipvs"
nodePortAddresses: null
oomScoreAdj: -999
portRange: ""
udpIdleTimeout: 250ms
EOF


tee kube-proxy.service << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml \
  --v=8
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

mkdir -p /var/lib/kube-proxy
cp kube-proxy*.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki/
cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-proxy.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/


systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-proxy && systemctl restart kube-proxy && systemctl status kube-proxy

2.12. 部署网络组件calico

网友反映说 centos7 要升级libseccomp 不然 无法安装calico

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.24.1/manifests/calico.yaml -O

sed -i 's/# - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR/- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR/g' calico.yaml
sed -i 's/#   value: "192.168.0.0\/16"/  value: "172.16.0.0\/12"/g' calico.yaml
sed -i 's/"type": "calico-ipam"/"type": "calico-ipam",\n              "assign_ipv4": "true"/g' calico.yaml

#创建calico组件
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

#查看calico pod是否成功创建
kubectl get pods -n kube-system -owide

执行过程

[root@k8s-master1 work]#
[root@k8s-master1 work]#
[root@k8s-master1 work]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
configmap/calico-config created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ippools.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/kubecontrollersconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
daemonset.apps/calico-node created
serviceaccount/calico-node created
deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-kube-controllers created
Warning: policy/v1beta1 PodDisruptionBudget is deprecated in v1.21+, unavailable in v1.25+; use policy/v1 PodDisruptionBudget
poddisruptionbudget.policy/calico-kube-controllers created
[root@k8s-master1 work]#
[root@k8s-master1 work]#
[root@k8s-master1 work]#
[root@k8s-master1 work]#
[root@k8s-master1 work]#
[root@k8s-master1 work]#
[root@k8s-master1 work]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -owide
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP              NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
calico-kube-controllers-7cc8dd57d9-dpcqw   1/1     Running   0          3m16s   10.88.0.2       k8s-node1   <none>           <none>
calico-node-hr9f5                          1/1     Running   0          3m15s   192.168.11.74   k8s-node1   <none>           <none>
[root@k8s-master1 work]#

2.13. 部署CoreDNS

tee coredns.yaml  << 'EOF'
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
rules:
  - apiGroups:
    - ""
    resources:
    - endpoints
    - services
    - pods
    - namespaces
    verbs:
    - list
    - watch
  - apiGroups:
    - discovery.k8s.io
    resources:
    - endpointslices
    verbs:
    - list
    - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        health {
          lameduck 5s
        }
        ready
        kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
          fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
        }
        prometheus :9153
        forward . /etc/resolv.conf {
          max_concurrent 1000
        }
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  # replicas: not specified here:
  # 1. Default is 1.
  # 2. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      tolerations:
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      affinity:
         podAntiAffinity:
           preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
           - weight: 100
             podAffinityTerm:
               labelSelector:
                 matchExpressions:
                   - key: k8s-app
                     operator: In
                     values: ["kube-dns"]
               topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/coredns:1.8.6 
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 170Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
          readOnly: true
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - all
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8181
            scheme: HTTP
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.96.0.10 
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP
  - name: metrics
    port: 9153
    protocol: TCP
EOF

kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml

2.14. 安装Metric Server

tee metrics-server.yaml << 'EOF'
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-admin: "true"
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-edit: "true"
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-view: "true"
  name: system:aggregated-metrics-reader
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - metrics.k8s.io
  resources:
  - pods
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: system:metrics-server
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  - nodes
  - nodes/stats
  - namespaces
  - configmaps
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server-auth-reader
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: extension-apiserver-authentication-reader
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server:system:auth-delegator
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:auth-delegator
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: system:metrics-server
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:metrics-server
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - name: https
    port: 443
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: https
  selector:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: metrics-server
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: metrics-server
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - --cert-dir=/tmp
        - --secure-port=4443
        - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname
        - --kubelet-use-node-status-port
        - --metric-resolution=15s
        - --kubelet-insecure-tls
        - --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem # change to front-proxy-ca.crt for kubeadm
        - --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
        - --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group
        - --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-
        image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/metrics-server:0.5.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        livenessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 3
          httpGet:
            path: /livez
            port: https
            scheme: HTTPS
          periodSeconds: 10
        name: metrics-server
        ports:
        - containerPort: 4443
          name: https
          protocol: TCP
        readinessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 3
          httpGet:
            path: /readyz
            port: https
            scheme: HTTPS
          initialDelaySeconds: 20
          periodSeconds: 10
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 200Mi
        securityContext:
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
          runAsNonRoot: true
          runAsUser: 1000
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /tmp
          name: tmp-dir
        - name: ca-ssl
          mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/pki
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: metrics-server
      volumes:
      - emptyDir: {}
        name: tmp-dir
      - name: ca-ssl
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/kubernetes/pki

---
apiVersion: apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: APIService
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io
spec:
  group: metrics.k8s.io
  groupPriorityMinimum: 100
  insecureSkipTLSVerify: true
  service:
    name: metrics-server
    namespace: kube-system
  version: v1beta1
  versionPriority: 100
EOF

kubectl  apply -f metrics-server.yaml

2.15. 集群验证

tee deploy.yaml << 'EOF'
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  replicas: 3
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:alpine
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: nginx
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80
    nodePort: 30080
  type: NodePort
EOF

kubectl apply -f deploy.yaml

# 查看
kubectl get pod
kubectl get svc

2.16. 用pod解析默认命名空间中的kubernetes

kubectl get svc
#NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
#kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1            443/TCP   17h

kubectl exec  busybox -n default -- nslookup kubernetes
#3Server:    10.96.0.10
#Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

#Name:      kubernetes
#Address 1: 10.96.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

2.16.1. 测试跨命名空间是否可以解析

kubectl exec  busybox -n default -- nslookup kube-dns.kube-system
#Server:    10.96.0.10
#Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

#Name:      kube-dns.kube-system
#Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

2.16.2. 每个节点都必须要能访问Kubernetes的kubernetes svc 443和kube-dns的service 53

telnet 10.96.0.1 443
Trying 10.96.0.1...
Connected to 10.96.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.

 telnet 10.96.0.10 53
Trying 10.96.0.10...
Connected to 10.96.0.10.
Escape character is '^]'.

curl 10.96.0.10:53
curl: (52) Empty reply from server

2.16.3. Pod和Pod之前要能通

kubectl get po -owide
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP              NODE         NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
busybox   1/1     Running   0          17m   172.27.14.193   k8s-node02   <none>           <none>

 kubectl get po -n kube-system -owide
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE   IP               NODE           NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
calico-kube-controllers-5dffd5886b-4blh6   1/1     Running   0             77m   172.25.244.193   k8s-master01   <none>           <none>
calico-node-fvbdq                          1/1     Running   1 (75m ago)   77m   192.168.1.61     k8s-master01   <none>           <none>
calico-node-g8nqd                          1/1     Running   0             77m   192.168.1.64     k8s-node01     <none>           <none>
calico-node-mdps8                          1/1     Running   0             77m   192.168.1.65     k8s-node02     <none>           <none>
calico-node-nf4nt                          1/1     Running   0             77m   192.168.1.63     k8s-master03   <none>           <none>
calico-node-sq2ml                          1/1     Running   0             77m   192.168.1.62     k8s-master02   <none>           <none>
calico-typha-8445487f56-mg6p8              1/1     Running   0             77m   192.168.1.65     k8s-node02     <none>           <none>
calico-typha-8445487f56-pxbpj              1/1     Running   0             77m   192.168.1.61     k8s-master01   <none>           <none>
calico-typha-8445487f56-tnssl              1/1     Running   0             77m   192.168.1.64     k8s-node01     <none>           <none>
coredns-5db5696c7-67h79                    1/1     Running   0             63m   172.25.92.65     k8s-master02   <none>           <none>
metrics-server-6bf7dcd649-5fhrw            1/1     Running   0             61m   172.18.195.1     k8s-master03   <none>           <none>

# 进入busybox ping其他节点上的pod

kubectl exec -ti busybox -- sh
/ # ping 192.168.1.64
PING 192.168.1.64 (192.168.1.64): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.1.64: seq=0 ttl=63 time=0.358 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.64: seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.668 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.64: seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.637 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.64: seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.624 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.64: seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.907 ms

# 可以连通证明这个pod是可以跨命名空间和跨主机通信的

2.16.4. 创建三个副本，可以看到3个副本分布在不同的节点

cat > deployments.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: docker.io/library/nginx:1.14.2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

EOF

kubectl  apply -f deployments.yaml 
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created

kubectl  get pod 
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
busybox                            1/1     Running   0          6m25s
nginx-deployment-9456bbbf9-4bmvk   1/1     Running   0          8s
nginx-deployment-9456bbbf9-9rcdk   1/1     Running   0          8s
nginx-deployment-9456bbbf9-dqv8s   1/1     Running   0          8s

# 删除nginx

kubectl delete -f deployments.yaml