Java---GUI编程详解
GUI编程
组件：
- 窗口
- 弹窗
- 面板
- 文本框
- 列表框
- 按钮
- 图片
- 监听事件
- 鼠标
- 键盘事件
- 破解工具
1、简介
1.1.gui的核心技术：Swing AWT
1.2.不流行：
- 界面不美观
- 需要jre环境
2、AWT
2.1、Awt介绍
1.包含了很多类和接口。GUI：图形用户界面编程
2.元素：窗口，按钮，文本框
2.2、 组件和容器
1.Frame
/关于Frame的一些方法
package gui_study;
import java.awt.*;
//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//frame
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图像界面窗口");
//需要设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);
//设置背景颜色
frame.setBackground(new Color(85,150,68));
//设置弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);
//设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
}
}
问题：弹窗关闭不了，只能结束程序
/打开多个窗口
package gui_study;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//展示多个窗口 new
MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.blue);
MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.yellow);
MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.red);
MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300,300,200,200,Color.green);
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
static int id = 0; // 可能存在多个窗口，我们需要一个计数器
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
super("Myframe+"+(++id));
setBackground(color);
setBounds(x,y,w,h);
setVisible(true);
}
}
2、面板Panel
解决了主动关闭问题
package gui_study;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
//可以看成是一个空间
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//布局
Panel panel = new Panel();
Panel panel1 = new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
//坐标
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(40,161,35));
//panel设置坐标，相对于Frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,100,100);
panel.setBackground(new Color(193,15,60));
panel1.setBounds(200,50,100,100);
panel1.setBackground(new Color(193,15,60));
//frame.add(panel)
frame.add(panel);
frame.add(panel1);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit()
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//结束程序
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
3、布局管理器
- 流式布局
package gui_study;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//组件-按钮
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
//设置为流式布局
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
frame.setSize(200,200);
//把按钮添加上去
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
- 东西南北中
package gui_study;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestBorderLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
Button east = new Button("East");
Button west = new Button("west");
Button south = new Button("south");
Button north = new Button("north");
Button center = new Button("center");
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(200,200);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
- 表格布局
package gui_study;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");
Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn2 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn3 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn4 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn5 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn6 = new Button("btn1");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(btn1);
frame.add(btn2);
frame.add(btn3);
frame.add(btn4);
frame.add(btn5);
frame.add(btn6);
frame.pack();//Java函数，自动填充
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
4、事件监听
事件监听：当某个事情发生的时候，干什么？
package gui_study;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionEvent {
//按下按钮，触发一些事件
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button = new Button();
//因为addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener，所以我们构造了一个ActionListener
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
windowClose(frame);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
//关闭窗体的事件
private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("aaa");
}
}
- 多个按钮可以共享监听
5、输入框TextFile
package gui_study;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestText01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//启动
new MyFrame();
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
public MyFrame(){
TextField textField = new TextField();
add(textField);
//监听这个文本框输入的文字
MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
//按下enter，就会触发这个输入框的事件
textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
//设置替换编码
textField.setEchoChar('*');//在显示端用*代替
setVisible(true);
pack();
}
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回的一个对象
System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框的文本
field.setText("");//null
}
}
6、简易计算器，组合+内部类
package gui_study;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
public Calculator(){
//3个文本框
TextField field1 = new TextField(10);
TextField field2 = new TextField(20);
TextField field3 = new TextField(30);
//一个按钮
Button button = new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(field1,field2,field3));
//一个标签
Label label = new Label("+");
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(field1);
add(label);
add(field2);
add(button);
add(field3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//获取三个变量
private TextField field1,field2,field3;
public MyCalculatorListener(TextField field1,TextField field2,TextField field3){
this.field1=field1;
this.field2=field2;
this.field3=field3;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1、获得加数和被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt( field1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt( field2.getText());
//2、将这个值+运算后，放到第三个框
field3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3、清除前两个框
field1.setText("");
field2.setText("");
}
}
7、画笔
package gui_study;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
public void loadFrame(){
setBounds(200,200,600,500);
setVisible(true);
}
//画笔
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画笔，需要有颜色，可以画画
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
g.setColor(Color.green);
//画笔用完，将它还原到最初的颜色
}
}
8、鼠标监听、
目标：想要实现鼠标画画
package gui_study;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("画图");
}
}
//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame {
//画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前位置，需要集合来存储这个点
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame(String title){
super(title);
setBounds(200,200,400,300);
//存鼠标的点
points= new ArrayList<>();
setVisible(true);
//鼠标监听器，正对这个窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画画，监听鼠标的事件
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()){
Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
}
}
//添加一个点到界面上
public void addPaint(Point point){
points.add(point);
}
//适配器模式
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
//鼠标 按下，弹起，按住不放
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
MyFrame myFrame =(MyFrame) e.getSource();
//点击的时候，在界面产生一个点
//这个点就是鼠标的点
myFrame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
//每次点击鼠标都要重新画一遍
myFrame.repaint();//刷新
}
}
}
9、窗口监听
package gui_study;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame(){
setBackground(Color.BLUE);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
setVisible(true);
addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
}
class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
setVisible(true);//隐藏窗口
System.exit(0);//正常退出
}
}
}
10、键盘监听
package gui_study;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
//键
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame {
public KeyFrame(){
setBounds(1,2,300,400);
setVisible(true);
this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
//键盘按下
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
//获得键盘下的键是哪一个，当前的码
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//不需要记录这个数值，直接使用静态属性，
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
System.out.println("你按下了上键");
}
}
});
}
}
3、Swing
1、窗口、面板
-
- //init():初始化
- swing是顶级窗口，需要容器实例化
package gui_study.Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JFrameDemo {
//init():初始化
public void init(){
//顶级窗口
JFrame frame = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
frame.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
//设置文字 JLabel
JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("欢迎学习java");
frame.add(jLabel);
//让文本居中
jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.CENTER);
//需要容器实例化
Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();
contentPane.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
//关闭事件
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//建立一个窗口
new JFrameDemo().init();
}
}
2、JDialog弹窗
- JDialog，用来被弹出，默认就有关闭事件！
package gui_study.Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
public DialogDemo(){
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(700,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//JFrame 放东西，容器
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//绝对布局
container.setLayout(null);
//按钮
JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");//创建
button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
//点击按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗
button.addActionListener(new AbstractAction() {//监听器
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//弹窗
new MyDialogDemo();
}
});
container.add(button);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DialogDemo();
}
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
public MyDialogDemo() {
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(null);
container.add(new Label("欢迎学习java"));
}
}
3、标签
label
new JLabel("xxx")
图标Icon
package gui_study.Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//图标，需要实现类，Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
private int width;
private int height;
public IconDemo(){
//无参构造
}
public IconDemo(int width,int height){
this.width=width;
this.height=height;
}
public void init(){
IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15,15);
//图标放在标签，也可以放在按钮上
JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container =getContentPane();
container.add(jLabel);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new IconDemo().init();
}
@Override
public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
}
@Override
public int getIconWidth() {
return this.width;
}
@Override
public int getIconHeight() {
return this.height;
}
}
4、面板
JPanel
package gui_study.Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
public JPanelDemo(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));
JPanel jPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
container.add(jPanel);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPanelDemo();
}
}
JScrollPanel滚动面板
package gui_study.Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
textArea.setText("欢迎学习Java");
//Scroll面板
JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(jScrollPane);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
5、按钮
普通按钮
package gui_study.Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo01(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JButton button = new JButton();
button.setToolTipText("图片变成按钮");
container.add(button);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(300,300,200,200);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo01();
}
}
- 单选按钮
package gui_study.Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo02(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//单选框(只能选一个)
JRadioButton jRadioButton01 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01");
JRadioButton jRadioButton02 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02");
JRadioButton jRadioButton03 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03");
//由于单选框只能选择一个，用分组，因为一个组中只能选一个
ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton01);
buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton02);
buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton03);
container.add(jRadioButton01,BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(jRadioButton02,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(jRadioButton03,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(300,300,200,200);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo02();
}
}
- 复选按钮
//多选框
JCheckBox box01 = new JCheckBox("box01");
JCheckBox box02 = new JCheckBox("box02");
JCheckBox box03 = new JCheckBox("box03");
container.add(box01,BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(box02,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(box03,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
6、列表
- 下拉框
package gui_study.Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
public TestComboboxDemo01(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JComboBox box = new JComboBox();
box.addItem(null);
box.addItem("正在上映");
box.addItem("已下架");
box.addItem("即将上映");
container.add(box);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo01();
}
}
- 列表框
String contents ={"1","2","3"};
JList jlist = new JList(contents);
container.add(jlist)
- 应用场景
- 选择地区，或者一些单个选项
- 列表，展示信息，一般是动态扩容
7、文本框
- 文本框
package gui_study.Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {
public TestTextDemo01(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JTextField textField = new JTextField("hello");
JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("world",20);
container.add(textField,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTextDemo01();
}
}
- 密码框
new JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();
passwordField.setEchoChar('*');
container.add(passwordField);