基于Python + Django 开发一款学生管理系统(附源码）
文章目录
-
-
- 1.开发环境
- 源码分享&技术交流
- 2.项目实战
-
- 1）创建`Django`项目
- 2）创建应用
- 3）配置MySQL
- 4）数据模型层创建
- 5）路由配置
- 6）增删改查视图函数
- 7）模板页面创建
- 8）启动web服务
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1.开发环境
开发工具：Pycharm 2020.1.1
开发语言：Python 3.8.5
Web框架：Djanjo 3.0.3
前端框架：bootstrap 3.3.7
数据库：MySQL 8.0.21 + Navicat Premium 15.0.17
操作系统：macOS 10.14.6
源码分享&技术交流
技术要学会分享、交流，不建议闭门造车。 本文技术由粉丝群小伙伴分享汇总。源码、数据、技术交流提升，均可加交流群获取，群友已超过2000人，添加时最好的备注方式为：来源+兴趣方向，方便找到志同道合的朋友。
方式①、添加微信号：dkl88191，备注：来自CSDN +学管系统
方式②、微信搜索公众号：Python学习与数据挖掘，后台回复：学管系统
2.项目实战
1）创建Django项目
Pycharm创建Django
- 目录结构如下
2）创建应用
- 打开
Pycharm的终端，输入如下命令，创建Web应用
python manage.py startapp Web # Web名字可以任意取
- 在
settings.py文件里INSTALLED_APPS下面添加Web完成应用注册
3）配置MySQL
- 修改
settings.py文件中的sqlite3为MySQL
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'eleven',
'USER': 'root',
'Pw': '123456',
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
'PORT': 3306
}
}
4）数据模型层创建
- 在应用
Web下的models.py添加Student模型
class Student(models.Model):
student_no = models.CharField(max_length = 32, unique=True)
student_name = models.CharField(max_length = 32)
执行如下命令，在数据库生成表结构
# 生成文件记录模型的变化
python manage.py makemigrations Web
# 将模型变化同步至数据库，我们可以在数据库生成对应的表结构
python manage.py migrate Web
数据库中生成的表
5）路由配置
在el_sms里面的urls.py里面添加Web的路由配置
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url, include
# 请求路径url和处理方法的映射配置
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^Web/', include('Web.urls'))
]
然后在Web创建一个urls.py文件，添加路由配置如下：
# coding=utf-8
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.index),
url(r'^add/$', views.add),
url(r'^edit/$', views.edit),
url(r'^delete/$', views.delete)
]
6）增删改查视图函数
在应用Web的视图层文件views.py添加对学生信息增删改查的处理函数
import MySQLdb
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
# Create your views here.
# 连接MySQL数据库
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", pw="123456", db="eleven", charset='utf8')
# 学生信息列表处理函数
def index(request):
with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute("SELECT id,student_no,student_name FROM Web_student")
students = cursor.fetchall()
return render(request, 'student/index.html', {'students': students})
# 学生信息新增处理函数
def add(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
return render(request, 'student/add.html')
else:
student_no = request.POST.get('student_no', '')
student_name = request.POST.get('student_name', '')
with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO Web_student (student_no,student_name) "
"values (%s,%s)", [student_no, student_name])
conn.commit()
return redirect('../')
# 学生信息修改处理函数
def edit(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
id = request.GET.get("id")
with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute("SELECT id,student_no,student_name FROM Web_student where id =%s", [id])
student = cursor.fetchone()
return render(request, 'student/edit.html', {'student': student})
else:
id = request.POST.get("id")
student_no = request.POST.get('student_no', '')
student_name = request.POST.get('student_name', '')
with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute("UPDATE Web_student set student_no=%s,student_name=%s where id =%s",
[student_no, student_name, id])
conn.commit()
return redirect('../')
# 学生信息删除处理函数
def delete(request):
id = request.GET.get("id")
with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute("DELETE FROM Web_student WHERE id =%s", [id])
conn.commit()
return redirect('../')
7）模板页面创建
学生信息列表页
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生列表title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"
integrity="sha384-rHyoN1iRsVXV4nD0JutlnGaslCJuC7uwjduW9SVrLvRYooPp2bWYgmgJQIXwl/Sp" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"
integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa"
crossorigin="anonymous">script>
head>
<body>
<div class="container page-header">
<div class="container page-body">
<div class="col-md-9" role="main">
<table class="table table-striped">
<a class="btn btn-warning" href="../Web/add" role="button">添加a>
<tr>
<th>编号th>
<th>学号th>
<th>姓名th>
<th>操作th>
tr>
{% for student in students %}
<tr>
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}td>
<td>{{ student.student_no }}td>
<td>{{ student.student_name }}td>
<td>
<a class="btn btn-danger" href="../Web/delete?id={{ student.id }}">删除a>
<a class="btn btn-warning" href="../Web/edit?id={{ student.id }}">修改a>
td>
tr>
{% endfor %}
table>
div>
div>
div>
body>
html>
学生信息新增页
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生添加</title>
<!-- ⌘⌥L 格式化代码 -->
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- 可选的 Bootstrap 主题文件（一般不用引入） -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"
integrity="sha384-rHyoN1iRsVXV4nD0JutlnGaslCJuC7uwjduW9SVrLvRYooPp2bWYgmgJQIXwl/Sp" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"
integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container page-header">
<div class="container page-body">
<form class="form-horizontal" method="post" action="../add/">
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">学号</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入学号" name="student_no"/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入姓名" name="student_name"/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
学生信息编辑页
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生修改</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- 可选的 Bootstrap 主题文件（一般不用引入） -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"
integrity="sha384-rHyoN1iRsVXV4nD0JutlnGaslCJuC7uwjduW9SVrLvRYooPp2bWYgmgJQIXwl/Sp" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"
integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container page-header">
<div class="container page-body">
<form class="form-horizontal" method="post" action="../edit/">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="{{ student.id }}"/>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">学号</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Text input" name="student_no"
value="{{ student.student_no }}"/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Text input" name="student_name"
value="{{ student.student_name }}"/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">修改</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
8）启动web服务
Terminal终端输入以下命令启动web服务
python manage.py runserver
服务启动后,打开浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1:8000/Web即可进入学生信息管理列表页
