MacOS安装python sklearn库等

一、python库管理

• 查看python版本

dulei@duleideMacBook-Pro ~ % python -V
Python 2.7.16

• 查看python安装位置

dulei@duleideMacBook-Pro ~ % where python
/usr/bin/python

• 更新pip3

pip3 install --upgrade pip

dulei@duleideMacBook-Pro ~ % pip3 install --upgrade pip
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already satisfied: pip in ./Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages (21.2.4)
Collecting pip
  Downloading pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.7 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 1.7 MB 651 kB/s 
Installing collected packages: pip
  Attempting uninstall: pip
    Found existing installation: pip 21.2.4
    Uninstalling pip-21.2.4:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-21.2.4
  WARNING: The scripts pip, pip3 and pip3.8 are installed in '/Users/dulei/Library/Python/3.8/bin' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Successfully installed pip-21.3.1

• 查看已安装库

dulei@duleideMacBook-Pro ~ % pip3 list
Package    Version
---------- -------
imageio    2.9.0
numpy      1.21.2
Pillow     8.3.1
pip        21.3.1
setuptools 49.2.1
six        1.15.0
wheel      0.33.1

• 查看可以更新的第三方库

dulei@duleideMacBook-Pro ~ % pip3 list --outdated
Package    Version Latest Type
---------- ------- ------ -----
imageio    2.9.0   2.13.3 wheel
numpy      1.21.2  1.21.4 wheel
Pillow     8.3.1   8.4.0  wheel
setuptools 49.2.1  59.6.0 wheel
six        1.15.0  1.16.0 wheel
wheel      0.33.1  0.37.0 wheel

• 更新库操作

pip3 install --upgrade 库名

dulei@duleideMacBook-Pro ~ % pip3 install --upgrade numpy
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in ./Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages (1.21.2)
Collecting numpy
  Using cached numpy-1.21.4-cp38-cp38-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl (12.3 MB)
Installing collected packages: numpy
  Attempting uninstall: numpy
    Found existing installation: numpy 1.21.2
    Uninstalling numpy-1.21.2:
      Successfully uninstalled numpy-1.21.2
  WARNING: The scripts f2py, f2py3 and f2py3.8 are installed in '/Users/dulei/Library/Python/3.8/bin' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Successfully installed numpy-1.21.4
dulei@duleideMacBook-Pro ~ % pip3 list --outdated      

• 卸载库

pip3 uninstall 库名

二、安装库

• 安装sklearn库

1. 安装numpy

pip3 install numpy  

dulei@duleideMacBook-Pro ~ % pip3 install numpy        
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in ./Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages (1.21.2)

2. 安装scipy
   依赖fortran库

pip3 install scipy     

dulei@duleideMacBook-Pro ~ % pip3 install matplotlib
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting matplotlib
  Downloading matplotlib-3.5.1-cp38-cp38-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl (7.2 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 7.2 MB 8.4 kB/s            
Requirement already satisfied: pillow>=6.2.0 in ./Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages (from matplotlib) (8.3.1)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.17 in ./Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages (from matplotlib) (1.21.4)
Collecting packaging>=20.0
  Downloading packaging-21.3-py3-none-any.whl (40 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 40 kB 12 kB/s             
Collecting cycler>=0.10
  Downloading cycler-0.11.0-py3-none-any.whl (6.4 kB)
Collecting pyparsing>=2.2.1
  Downloading pyparsing-3.0.6-py3-none-any.whl (97 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 97 kB 18 kB/s            
Collecting kiwisolver>=1.0.1
  Downloading kiwisolver-1.3.2-cp38-cp38-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl (59 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 59 kB 11 kB/s             
Collecting fonttools>=4.22.0
  Downloading fonttools-4.28.3-py3-none-any.whl (884 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 884 kB 13 kB/s              
Collecting python-dateutil>=2.7
  Downloading python_dateutil-2.8.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (247 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 247 kB 11 kB/s            
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from python-dateutil>=2.7->matplotlib) (1.15.0)
Installing collected packages: pyparsing, python-dateutil, packaging, kiwisolver, fonttools, cycler, matplotlib
  WARNING: The scripts fonttools, pyftmerge, pyftsubset and ttx are installed in '/Users/dulei/Library/Python/3.8/bin' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Successfully installed cycler-0.11.0 fonttools-4.28.3 kiwisolver-1.3.2 matplotlib-3.5.1 packaging-21.3 pyparsing-3.0.6 python-dateutil-2.8.2

3. 安装matplotlib

pip3 install matplotlib     

4. 安装sklearn

scikit-learn官网

pip3 install --pre --extra-index https://pypi.anaconda.org/scipy-wheels-nightly/simple scikit-learn

三、测试库

如下所示即为安装成功

dulei@duleideMacBook-Pro bp_demo % python3
Python 3.8.9 (default, Aug  3 2021, 19:21:54) 
[Clang 13.0.0 (clang-1300.0.29.3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import scipy
>>> import numpy
>>> import sklearn
>>> 

四、VSCode使用Python库

• 测试代码
  注意：第一行要加入下面一行
  python的默认编码文件是用的ASCII码，而你的python文件中使用了中文等非英语字符。

# coding=UTF-8

# coding=UTF-8
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(0, 20, 100)  # 创建在一定范围内间隔均匀数字列表
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x))       # 绘制每个x点的正弦值
plt.show()                   # 显示列表

• 测试结果，可以调用库
  

此人抄袭MacOS安装python sklearn库等