mysql练习:经典50道基础题

目录

  • 一、环境准备
  • 50道题目练习
    • 1、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
    • 2、查询学生选课存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null)
    • 3、查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
    • 4、查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息
    • 5、查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的成绩总和
    • 6、查询「李」姓老师的数量
    • 7、查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息
    • 8、查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
    • 9、查询至少有一门课与学号为"01"的同学所学相同的同学的信息
    • 10、查询和"01"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
    • 11、查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
    • 12、查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩
    • 13、查询"01"课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息
    • 14、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
    • 15、查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分
    • 16、按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时保留名次空缺
    • 17、查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时保留名次空缺
    • 18、查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时不保留名次空缺
    • 19、统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,[100-85),[85-70),[70-60),[60-0] 及所占百分比
    • 20、查询各科成绩前三名的记录
    • 21、查询每门课程被选修的学生数
    • 22、查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名
    • 23、查询男生、女生人数
    • 24、查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息
    • 25、查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数
    • 26、查询 1990 年出生的学生名单
    • 27、查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列
    • 28、 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
    • 29、查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数
    • 30、查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)
    • 31、查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
    • 32、查询不及格的课程
    • 33、查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 60 分以上的学生的学号和姓名
    • 34、求每门课程的学生人数
    • 35、成绩没有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
    • 36、成绩有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
    • 37、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
    • 38、查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名
    • 39、统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)
    • 40、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
    • 41、查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
    • 42、查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算
    • 43、按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一
    • 44、查询本周过生日的学生
    • 45、查询下周过生日的学生
    • 46、查询本月过生日的学生
    • 47、查询下月过生日的学生
    • 48、查询下周过生日的学生
    • 49、查询本月过生日的学生
    • 50、查询下月过生日的学生
  • 参考文章

一、环境准备

建表共4张表,分别对应学生信息(Student)、课程信息(Course)、教师信息(Teacher)以及成绩信息(SC)

--  学生表
create table Student(sid varchar(10),sname varchar(10),sage datetime,ssex nvarchar(10));
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');
-- 课程表
create table Course(cid varchar(10),cname varchar(10),tid varchar(10));
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
-- 教师表
create table Teacher(tid varchar(10),tname varchar(10));
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');
-- 成绩表
create table SC(sid varchar(10),cid varchar(10),score decimal(18,1));
insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98);

50道题目练习

1、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

SELECT student.*,t3.sid FROM 
(SELECT t1.sid,t1.score FROM 
	(SELECT sid,score FROM sc WHERE cid = "01") as t1 
	JOIN 
	(SELECT sid,score FROM sc WHERE cid = "02") as t2
	ON 
	t1.sid = t2.sid WHERE t1.score > t2.score) as t3 
JOIN student
ON t3.sid = student.sid;

结果:

+-----+-------+---------------------+------+-----+
| sid | sname | sage                | ssex | sid |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+-----+
| 02  | 钱电  | 1990-12-21 00:00:00 || 02  |
| 04  | 李云  | 1990-08-06 00:00:00 || 04  |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+-----+
2 rows in set

解析:
先将课程为01和02的课程及对应分数筛选出来,再join,on为01.sid = 02.sid,条件为01.score >02.score,结果’存’为新表t3,再将Student表和t3表join

2、查询学生选课存在" 01 “课程但可能不存在” 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null)

SELECT * FROM 
(SELECT * FROM sc WHERE cid = "01") as t1 
LEFT JOIN 
(SELECT * FROM sc WHERE cid = "02") as t2
ON t1.sid = t2.sid;

结果:

+-----+-----+-------+------+------+-------+
| sid | cid | score | sid  | cid  | score |
+-----+-----+-------+------+------+-------+
| 01  | 01  | 80.0  | 01   | 02   | 90.0  |
| 02  | 01  | 70.0  | 02   | 02   | 60.0  |
| 03  | 01  | 80.0  | 03   | 02   | 80.0  |
| 04  | 01  | 50.0  | 04   | 02   | 30.0  |
| 05  | 01  | 76.0  | 05   | 02   | 87.0  |
| 06  | 01  | 31.0  | NULL | NULL | NULL  |
+-----+-----+-------+------+------+-------+
6 rows in set

解析:
即找出学生选了01课程没有选02课程的情况,用left join即可

3、查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩

#多表联合查询
SELECT  sc.sid,student.sname,avg(sc.score) FROM sc ,student WHERE sc.sid = student.sid  GROUP BY  sc.sid  HAVING avg(sc.score) > 60;
#多表连接查询
SELECT  sc.sid,student.sname,avg(sc.score) FROM sc JOIN student on sc.sid = student.sid  GROUP BY  sc.sid  HAVING avg(sc.score) > 60;

结果:

+-----+-------+---------------+
| sid | sname | avg(sc.score) |
+-----+-------+---------------+
| 01  | 赵雷  | 89.66667      |
| 02  | 钱电  | 70.00000      |
| 03  | 孙风  | 80.00000      |
| 05  | 周梅  | 81.50000      |
| 07  | 郑竹  | 93.50000      |
+-----+-------+---------------+
5 rows in set

解析:
首先确定的是两张表,student和sc,这里使用多表联合查询和多表连接查的方式都可以,关联条件是sid,然后分组,最后加一个having函数,条件是平均成绩大于60,即可查询出来

4、查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息

#多表联合查询方式
SELECT  t1.*,t2.score FROM student t1, sc t2 WHERE t1.sid = t2.sid  GROUP BY t1.sid;

#多表连接查询方式
SELECT a.*,b.score FROM student as a 
    JOIN sc AS b 
    ON a.sid = b.sid 
    GROUP BY a.sid;

结果:

+-----+-------+---------------------+------+-------+
| sid | sname | sage                | ssex | score |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+-------+
| 01  | 赵雷  | 1990-01-01 00:00:00 || 80.0  |
| 02  | 钱电  | 1990-12-21 00:00:00 || 70.0  |
| 03  | 孙风  | 1990-05-20 00:00:00 || 80.0  |
| 04  | 李云  | 1990-08-06 00:00:00 || 50.0  |
| 05  | 周梅  | 1991-12-01 00:00:00 || 76.0  |
| 06  | 吴兰  | 1992-03-01 00:00:00 || 31.0  |
| 07  | 郑竹  | 1989-07-01 00:00:00 || 89.0  |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+-------+
7 rows in set

解析:
确定是两个表,student和sc,关联条件还是sid消除笛卡尔积,然后再group by,最后select 取需要的信息

5、查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的成绩总和

#多表联合查询方式
SELECT t1.sid as 学生编号,t1.sname as 学生姓名,COUNT(t2.cid) as 选课总数,SUM(t2.score) as 课程成绩总和 FROM student t1, sc t2 WHERE t1.sid = t2.sid  GROUP BY t1.sid;

#多表连接查询
SELECT t1.sid as 学生编号,t1.sname as 学生姓名,COUNT(t2.cid) as 选课总数,SUM(t2.score) as 课程成绩总和 FROM student t1 JOIN sc t2 ON t1.sid = t2.sid  GROUP BY t1.sid;

结果:

+----------+----------+----------+--------------+
| 学生编号 | 学生姓名 | 选课总数 | 课程成绩总和 |
+----------+----------+----------+--------------+
| 01       | 赵雷     |        3 | 269.0        |
| 02       | 钱电     |        3 | 210.0        |
| 03       | 孙风     |        3 | 240.0        |
| 04       | 李云     |        3 | 100.0        |
| 05       | 周梅     |        2 | 163.0        |
| 06       | 吴兰     |        2 | 65.0         |
| 07       | 郑竹     |        2 | 187.0        |
+----------+----------+----------+--------------+
7 rows in set

解析:
两个聚合函数(统计函数)一个count(cid),一个sum(score),同样join student表和sc表,再group by sid即可

6、查询「李」姓老师的数量

SELECT COUNT(t.tid) FROM teacher t WHERE t.tname like "%李%";

结果:

+--------------+
| COUNT(t.tid) |
+--------------+
|            1 |
+--------------+
1 row in set

解析:
count加条件函数加通配符即可

7、查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息

SELECT s.*,y.tname FROM 
    (SELECT sc.sid,x.tname FROM 
        (SELECT t.tname,c.cid FROM teacher AS t
            JOIN course AS c 
            ON t.tid = c.tid
                WHERE t.tname = '张三') AS x
        JOIN sc
        ON x.cid = sc.cid) AS y
JOIN student AS s
ON y.sid = s.sid;

结果:

+-----+-------+---------------------+------+-------+
| sid | sname | sage                | ssex | tname |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+-------+
| 01  | 赵雷  | 1990-01-01 00:00:00 || 张三  |
| 02  | 钱电  | 1990-12-21 00:00:00 || 张三  |
| 03  | 孙风  | 1990-05-20 00:00:00 || 张三  |
| 04  | 李云  | 1990-08-06 00:00:00 || 张三  |
| 05  | 周梅  | 1991-12-01 00:00:00 || 张三  |
| 07  | 郑竹  | 1989-07-01 00:00:00 || 张三  |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+-------+
6 rows in set

解析:
四表连接,teacher表里的tid与course表里的tid,条件为tname=‘张三’,再course表里的cid与sc表里的cid,最后sc表里的sid与student里的sid

8、查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

SELECT a.*,count(b.cid) AS 所学课程数
FROM student AS a
    LEFT JOIN sc AS b
    ON a.sid = b.sid
        GROUP BY a.sid
            HAVING COUNT(b.cid) < (SELECT COUNT(c.cid) FROM course as c);

结果:

+-----+-------+---------------------+------+------------+
| sid | sname | sage                | ssex | 所学课程数 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+------------+
| 05  | 周梅  | 1991-12-01 00:00:00 ||          2 |
| 06  | 吴兰  | 1992-03-01 00:00:00 ||          2 |
| 07  | 郑竹  | 1989-07-01 00:00:00 ||          2 |
| 08  | 王菊  | 1990-01-20 00:00:00 ||          0 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+------------+

解析:
先查询总课程数,再查询所有同学的信息,筛选条件为其所学课程数小于总课程数

9、查询至少有一门课与学号为"01"的同学所学相同的同学的信息

SELECT s.* FROM student AS s
    JOIN sc
    ON s.sid  = sc.sid 
        WHERE sc.cid in 
                    (SELECT sc.cid FROM sc AS sc WHERE sc.sid = '01') 
        GROUP bY s.sid 
             HAVING s.sid != '01';

结果:

+-----+-------+---------------------+------+
| sid | sname | sage                | ssex |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+
| 02  | 钱电  | 1990-12-21 00:00:00 ||
| 03  | 孙风  | 1990-05-20 00:00:00 ||
| 04  | 李云  | 1990-08-06 00:00:00 ||
| 05  | 周梅  | 1991-12-01 00:00:00 ||
| 06  | 吴兰  | 1992-03-01 00:00:00 ||
| 07  | 郑竹  | 1989-07-01 00:00:00 ||
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+
6 rows in set

解析:
先从成绩表里查询学号为01的同学所学的课程编号,筛选条件为sc.cid in 01同学所学编号,再使用学生表和成绩表两表关联,关联字段为sid,并且把课程编号作为子查询的条件,刷选,然后再group by sid 最后通过having筛选sid 不等于01

10、查询和"01"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息

select * from student t1 where t1.sid not in
        (select p.sid fro

        	
                (select t.*,sc.sid sc_sid ,sc.cid sc_cid from
                        (select * from student ,
                                (select cid from sc where sid = "01") s ) t 
                        left join sc on t.sid = sc.sid and t.cid = sc.cid) p where sc_sid is null)
        and t1.sid != "01"
and (SELECT count(t3.cid) from sc t3 where t3.sid = t1.sid) = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sc t2 WHERE t2.sid = "01");

结果:

+-----+-------+---------------------+------+---------------+
| sid | sname | sage                | ssex | count(t3.cid) |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+---------------+
| 02  | 钱电  | 1990-12-21 00:00:00 ||             3 |
| 03  | 孙风  | 1990-05-20 00:00:00 ||             3 |
| 04  | 李云  | 1990-08-06 00:00:00 ||             3 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+---------------+
3 rows in set

解析:
先从成绩表中查询学号为01的总课程数,然后使用学生表和成绩表关联查询,关联字段为sid,消除笛卡尔积,where条件语句过滤学号01,并且用学号字段分组,并且使用having函数,统计课程总数=学号为1的课程总数

11、查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

#多表联合查询方式
SELECT student.sname FROM student 
    WHERE student.sid NOT IN 
        (SELECT sc.sid FROM sc     
                    JOIN course 
                    ON sc.cid=course.cid
                    JOIN teacher 
                    ON course.tid=teacher.tid 
        WHERE tname='张三' );

#多表连接查询方式
SELECT student.sname FROM student 
    WHERE student.sid NOT IN 
        (SELECT sc.sid FROM sc,course,teacher where sc.cid = course.cid and course.tid=teacher.tid and tname='张三');


结果:

+-------+
| sname |
+-------+
| 吴兰  |
| 王菊  |
+-------+
2 rows in set

解析:
先找出所有学生选课信息及sid,再找出张三老师授课课程,将其连接,再用student里的sid not in 前面的sid

12、查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩

SELECT c.sname, b.*
FROM student c
    JOIN ((
        SELECT sid, COUNT(cid)
        FROM sc
        WHERE score < 60
        GROUP BY sid
        HAVING COUNT(cid) >= 2
    ) a
        JOIN (
            SELECT sid, avg(score)
            FROM sc
            GROUP BY sid
        ) b
        ON a.sid = b.sid) ON c.sid = b.sid;

结果:

+-------+-----+------------+
| sname | sid | avg(score) |
+-------+-----+------------+
| 李云  | 04  | 33.33333   |
| 吴兰  | 06  | 32.50000   |
+-------+-----+------------+
2 rows in set

解析:
先查询出不及格两门或两门以上的数据,再查询出不及格的平均成绩,再三张表嵌套关联

13、查询"01"课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息

#多表联合查询方式
SELECT b.*, a.score
FROM student b
    JOIN (
        SELECT *
        FROM sc
        WHERE cid = '01'
            AND score < 60
        ORDER BY score DESC
    ) a
    ON a.sid = b.sid;

#多表连接查询方式
SELECT b.*, a.score
FROM student b,
    (
        SELECT *
        FROM sc
        WHERE cid = '01'
            AND score < 60
        ORDER BY score DESC
    ) a
    where a.sid = b.sid;

结果:

+-----+-------+---------------------+------+-------+
| sid | sname | sage                | ssex | score |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+-------+
| 04  | 李云  | 1990-08-06 00:00:00 || 50.0  |
| 06  | 吴兰  | 1992-03-01 00:00:00 || 31.0  |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+-------+
2 rows in set

解析:
先查询出01课程分数小于60的sid ,按照分数降序,然后和学生表关联

14、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

SELECT a.sid, a.score, a.cid, b.`平均成绩`
FROM sc a
    JOIN (
        SELECT sid, avg(score) AS 平均成绩
        FROM sc
        GROUP BY sid
    ) b
    ON a.sid = b.sid
ORDER BY b.`平均成绩` DESC;

结果:

+-----+-------+-----+----------+
| sid | score | cid | 平均成绩 |
+-----+-------+-----+----------+
| 07  | 89.0  | 02  | 93.50000 |
| 07  | 98.0  | 03  | 93.50000 |
| 01  | 80.0  | 01  | 89.66667 |
| 01  | 90.0  | 02  | 89.66667 |
| 01  | 99.0  | 03  | 89.66667 |
| 05  | 76.0  | 01  | 81.50000 |
| 05  | 87.0  | 02  | 81.50000 |
| 03  | 80.0  | 01  | 80.00000 |
| 03  | 80.0  | 02  | 80.00000 |
| 03  | 80.0  | 03  | 80.00000 |
| 02  | 70.0  | 01  | 70.00000 |
| 02  | 60.0  | 02  | 70.00000 |
| 02  | 80.0  | 03  | 70.00000 |
| 04  | 50.0  | 01  | 33.33333 |
| 04  | 30.0  | 02  | 33.33333 |
| 04  | 20.0  | 03  | 33.33333 |
| 06  | 31.0  | 01  | 32.50000 |
| 06  | 34.0  | 03  | 32.50000 |
+-----+-------+-----+----------+
18 rows in set

解析:
先求平均成绩,注意,这里的平均成绩一定要取别名,然后取所有人的成绩,再关联,然后按照平均成绩降序排列

15、查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分

以如下形式显示:

课程 id,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率
  及格为>=60,中等为:[70,80),优良为:[80-90),优秀为:>=90
  要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序

SELECT cid AS 课程id, MAX(score) AS 最高分, MIN(score) AS 最低分, AVG(score) AS 平均分
    , SUM(CASE 
        WHEN score >= 60 THEN 1
        ELSE 0
    END) / COUNT(sid) AS 及格率
    , SUM(CASE 
        WHEN score >= 70
            AND score < 80
        THEN 1
        ELSE 0
    END) / count(sid) AS 中等率
    , SUM(CASE 
        WHEN score >= 80
            AND score < 90
        THEN 1
        ELSE 0
    END) / count(sid) AS 优良率
    , SUM(CASE 
        WHEN score >= 90 THEN 1
        ELSE 0
    END) / count(sid) AS 优秀率
FROM sc
GROUP BY cid
ORDER BY cid ASC;

结果:

+--------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 课程id | 最高分 | 最低分 | 平均分   | 及格率 | 中等率 | 优良率 | 优秀率 |
+--------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 01     | 80.0   | 31.0   | 64.50000 | 0.6667 | 0.3333 | 0.3333 | 0.0000 |
| 02     | 90.0   | 30.0   | 72.66667 | 0.8333 | 0.0000 | 0.5000 | 0.1667 |
| 03     | 99.0   | 20.0   | 68.50000 | 0.6667 | 0.0000 | 0.3333 | 0.3333 |
+--------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
3 rows in set

解析:
重点在case when语句的用法,其实case when 就类似于 if函数 if x>某个值,then 1 else 0。就只用一个表,只是对表头需要做修改,用聚合函数+AS

16、按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时保留名次空缺

-- MySql8.0以上
select *, rank() over(partition by cid order by score desc) AS ranked from sc;

-- MySql5.7为实现分组组内排名
select s.*, @rank:=@rank+1  as ranked from sc as s,(SELECT @rank:=0) as p  ORDER BY score desc;

结果:

+-----+-----+-------+--------+
| sid | cid | score | ranked |
+-----+-----+-------+--------+
| 01  | 01  | 80.0  |      1 |
| 03  | 01  | 80.0  |      1 |
| 05  | 01  | 76.0  |      3 |
| 02  | 01  | 70.0  |      4 |
| 04  | 01  | 50.0  |      5 |
| 06  | 01  | 31.0  |      6 |
| 01  | 02  | 90.0  |      1 |
| 07  | 02  | 89.0  |      2 |
| 05  | 02  | 87.0  |      3 |
| 03  | 02  | 80.0  |      4 |
| 02  | 02  | 60.0  |      5 |
| 04  | 02  | 30.0  |      6 |
| 01  | 03  | 99.0  |      1 |
| 07  | 03  | 98.0  |      2 |
| 02  | 03  | 80.0  |      3 |
| 03  | 03  | 80.0  |      3 |
| 06  | 03  | 34.0  |      5 |
| 04  | 03  | 20.0  |      6 |
+-----+-----+-------+--------+
18 rows in set

解析:
注意:mysql8.0之前 是没有rank函数
MySQL可以实现Oracle中的排名公式,一共有三种

  1. rank() over(order by col_name desc)
  2. dense_rank() over()
  3. row_number() over()
    第一个是如果出现了相同排名都为同一排名,下个排名跳过,例如1,1,3,4
    第二个是如果出现了相同排名都为同一排名,下个排名不跳过,例如1,1,2,3
    第三个是直接对行进行排名不分是否有相同值

此题目要按照各科成绩进行排序 over()中要填partition by col_name order by col_name
第一个colname 为分组的内容,第二个是按什么值排的内容

17、查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时保留名次空缺

-- MySql8.0以上
SELECT a.*, rank() OVER (ORDER BY a.总成绩 DESC) AS Ranked
FROM (
    SELECT *, SUM(score) AS 总成绩
    FROM sc
    GROUP BY sid
) a;


-- MySql5.7
SELECT a.*, @rank := @rank + 1 AS ranked
FROM (
    SELECT s.*, SUM(score) AS 总成绩
    FROM sc s
    GROUP BY sid
) a, (
        SELECT @rank := 0
    ) p
ORDER BY a.总成绩 DESC;

结果:

+-----+-----+-------+--------+--------+
| sid | cid | score | 总成绩 | Ranked |
+-----+-----+-------+--------+--------+
| 01  | 01  | 80.0  | 269.0  |      1 |
| 03  | 01  | 80.0  | 240.0  |      2 |
| 02  | 01  | 70.0  | 210.0  |      3 |
| 07  | 02  | 89.0  | 187.0  |      4 |
| 05  | 01  | 76.0  | 163.0  |      5 |
| 04  | 01  | 50.0  | 100.0  |      6 |
| 06  | 01  | 31.0  | 65.0   |      7 |
+-----+-----+-------+--------+--------+
7 rows in set

解析:
跟上题一样用rank()over(),只是多了层嵌套

18、查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时不保留名次空缺

SELECT a.*, dense_rank() OVER (ORDER BY a.total_socre DESC) AS Ranked
FROM (
    SELECT *, SUM(score) AS total_socre
    FROM sc
    GROUP BY sid
) a;

结果:

+-----+-----+-------+-------------+--------+
| sid | cid | score | total_socre | Ranked |
+-----+-----+-------+-------------+--------+
| 01  | 01  | 80.0  | 269.0       |      1 |
| 03  | 01  | 80.0  | 240.0       |      2 |
| 02  | 01  | 70.0  | 210.0       |      3 |
| 07  | 02  | 89.0  | 187.0       |      4 |
| 05  | 01  | 76.0  | 163.0       |      5 |
| 04  | 01  | 50.0  | 100.0       |      6 |
| 06  | 01  | 31.0  | 65.0        |      7 |
+-----+-----+-------+-------------+--------+
7 rows in set

解析:
和上面一样,只是换成dense_rank () over(),只是总分没有重复无法看出区别

19、统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,[100-85),[85-70),[70-60),[60-0] 及所占百分比

SELECT cid AS 课程ID, 
SUM(CASE WHEN score <= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/count(sid) AS 百分比1,
SUM(CASE WHEN score >60 AND score <=70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/count(sid) AS 百分比2,
SUM(CASE WHEN score >70 AND score <=85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/count(sid) AS 百分比3,
SUM(CASE WHEN score >85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/count(sid) AS 百分比4
FROM sc GROUP BY cid ORDER BY cid;

结果:

+--------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| 课程ID | 百分比1 | 百分比2 | 百分比3 | 百分比4 |
+--------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| 01     | 0.3333  | 0.1667  | 0.5000  | 0.0000  |
| 02     | 0.3333  | 0.0000  | 0.1667  | 0.5000  |
| 03     | 0.3333  | 0.0000  | 0.3333  | 0.3333  |
+--------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
3 rows in set

解析:

使用case when

20、查询各科成绩前三名的记录

-- MySql8.0以上
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT *,rank() over(PARTITION by cid ORDER BY score desc) as ranked FROM sc) as a
WHERE a.ranked <=3;

-- MySql5.7
SELECT *
FROM sc
WHERE (
    SELECT count(*)
    FROM sc a
    WHERE sc.CId = a.CId
        AND sc.score < a.score
) < 3
ORDER BY CId ASC, sc.score DESC

结果:

+-----+-----+-------+--------+
| sid | cid | score | ranked |
+-----+-----+-------+--------+
| 01  | 01  | 80.0  |      1 |
| 03  | 01  | 80.0  |      1 |
| 05  | 01  | 76.0  |      3 |
| 01  | 02  | 90.0  |      1 |
| 07  | 02  | 89.0  |      2 |
| 05  | 02  | 87.0  |      3 |
| 01  | 03  | 99.0  |      1 |
| 07  | 03  | 98.0  |      2 |
| 02  | 03  | 80.0  |      3 |
| 03  | 03  | 80.0  |      3 |
+-----+-----+-------+--------+  
10 rows in set

解析:
与上面rank一样,用rank()over()where ranked <=3
注意!where 的执行顺序在select前,嵌套一个select 语句就好

MySql5.7版本:使用嵌套循环找出cid相同并且比自己score大但不超过三条的数据(前三名)

21、查询每门课程被选修的学生数

SELECT cid AS 课程id, COUNT(sid) AS 选修的学生数
FROM sc
GROUP BY cid
ORDER BY 课程id;

结果:

+--------+--------------+
| 课程id | 选修的学生数 |
+--------+--------------+
| 01     |            6 |
| 02     |            6 |
| 03     |            6 |
+--------+--------------+
3 rows in set

解析:
单表 查询,使用group by ,order by

22、查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

SELECT student.sname, a.*
FROM student
    JOIN (
        SELECT sid, count(cid) AS 选修课程数
        FROM sc
        GROUP BY sid
        HAVING 选修课程数 = 2
    ) a
    ON student.sid = a.sid;

结果:

+-------+-----+------------+
| sname | sid | 选修课程数 |
+-------+-----+------------+
| 周梅  | 05  |          2 |
| 吴兰  | 06  |          2 |
| 郑竹  | 07  |          2 |
+-------+-----+------------+
3 rows in set

解析:
先从成绩表中查询出只选修两门课程的学生id和课程数,再和学生表进行关联查询

23、查询男生、女生人数

SELECT ssex,COUNT(sid) FROM student GROUP BY ssex;

结果:

+------+------------+
| ssex | COUNT(sid) |
+------+------------+
||          4 |
||          4 |
+------+------------+
2 rows in set

解析:
根据ssex group by后再count()

24、查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息

SELECT * FROM student WHERE sname like "%风%";

结果:

+-----+-------+---------------------+------+
| sid | sname | sage                | ssex |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+
| 03  | 孙风  | 1990-05-20 00:00:00 ||
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+
1 row in set

解析:
通配符,%,‘%a’a结尾,‘a%’a开头,‘%a%’含有a

25、查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数

SELECT *, COUNT(sid) AS 同名人数
FROM (
    SELECT a.*
    FROM student a
        JOIN student b
    WHERE a.sname = b.sname
        AND a.ssex = b.ssex
) c
GROUP BY sid
HAVING 同名人数 >= 2;

结果:

解析:
连接表student和student on ssname and ssex 在group by sid(因为id唯一,name可能重名),count sid

26、查询 1990 年出生的学生名单

SELECT * FROM student  WHERE YEAR(sage) = 1990;

结果:

+-----+-------+---------------------+------+
| sid | sname | sage                | ssex |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+
| 01  | 赵雷  | 1990-01-01 00:00:00 ||
| 02  | 钱电  | 1990-12-21 00:00:00 ||
| 03  | 孙风  | 1990-05-20 00:00:00 ||
| 04  | 李云  | 1990-08-06 00:00:00 ||
| 08  | 王菊  | 1990-01-20 00:00:00 ||
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+
5 rows in set

解析:
sage一列为datetime类型,用时间函数。MySQL里面能够对datetime类型函数截取年、月、周、日等等 ,用YEAR()来表示年,以此类推

27、查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列

SELECT cid,avg(score) AS 平均成绩 FROM sc GROUP BY cid ORDER BY 平均成绩 DESC,cid ASC;

结果:

+-----+----------+
| cid | 平均成绩 |
+-----+----------+
| 02  | 72.66667 |
| 03  | 68.50000 |
| 01  | 64.50000 |
+-----+----------+
3 rows in set

解析:
order by x desc,y,z,… 先根据x排序,再根据y,然后z…

28、 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

SELECT student.sname, a.*
FROM student
    JOIN (
        SELECT sid AS 学号, avg(score) AS 平均成绩
        FROM sc
        GROUP BY sid
        HAVING 平均成绩 > 85
    ) a
    ON student.sid = a.学号;

结果:

+-------+------+----------+
| sname | 学号 | 平均成绩 |
+-------+------+----------+
| 赵雷  | 01   | 89.66667 |
| 郑竹  | 07   | 93.50000 |
+-------+------+----------+
2 rows in set

解析:
先从成绩表中查询出平均成绩大于85的学生好和平均成绩(记住,这里需要取别名),然后再和学生表关联,关联字段为sid,获取到学生名字

29、查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数

SELECT student.sname, c.*
FROM student
    JOIN (
        SELECT t1.cname, t2.score, t2.sid
        FROM course t1
            JOIN sc t2 ON t1.cid = t2.cid
        WHERE t2.score < 60
            AND t1.cname = '数学'
    ) c
    ON student.sid = c.sid;

结果:

+-------+-------+-------+-----+
| sname | cname | score | sid |
+-------+-------+-------+-----+
| 李云  | 数学  | 30.0  | 04  |
+-------+-------+-------+-----+
1 row in set

解析:
先把课程表和成绩表关联,获取到低于60分的学生号、分数和课程名称,作为临时表,然后再和学生表关联,获取到最后一个字段,学生姓名

30、查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)

SELECT student.sname, c.*
FROM student
    JOIN (
        SELECT a.cname, b.sid, b.score
        FROM course a
            LEFT JOIN sc b ON a.cid = b.cid
    ) c
    ON student.sid = c.sid;

结果:

+-------+-------+-----+-------+
| sname | cname | sid | score |
+-------+-------+-----+-------+
| 赵雷  | 语文  | 01  | 80.0  |
| 赵雷  | 数学  | 01  | 90.0  |
| 赵雷  | 英语  | 01  | 99.0  |
| 钱电  | 语文  | 02  | 70.0  |
| 钱电  | 数学  | 02  | 60.0  |
| 钱电  | 英语  | 02  | 80.0  |
| 孙风  | 语文  | 03  | 80.0  |
| 孙风  | 数学  | 03  | 80.0  |
| 孙风  | 英语  | 03  | 80.0  |
| 李云  | 语文  | 04  | 50.0  |
| 李云  | 数学  | 04  | 30.0  |
| 李云  | 英语  | 04  | 20.0  |
| 周梅  | 语文  | 05  | 76.0  |
| 周梅  | 数学  | 05  | 87.0  |
| 吴兰  | 语文  | 06  | 31.0  |
| 吴兰  | 英语  | 06  | 34.0  |
| 郑竹  | 数学  | 07  | 89.0  |
| 郑竹  | 英语  | 07  | 98.0  |
+-------+-------+-----+-------+
18 rows in set

解析:
先把课程表和成绩表关联,关联字段为cid,获取到课程名称,学生号和学科成绩,作为临时表,然后再和学生表关联,关联字段为sid,获取到学生名字

31、查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数

SELECT student.sname, c.*
FROM student
    JOIN (
        SELECT a.cname, b.sid, b.score
        FROM course a
            LEFT JOIN sc b ON a.cid = b.cid
    ) c
    ON student.sid = c.sid
WHERE c.score > 70;

结果:

+-------+-------+-----+-------+
| sname | cname | sid | score |
+-------+-------+-----+-------+
| 赵雷  | 语文  | 01  | 80.0  |
| 赵雷  | 数学  | 01  | 90.0  |
| 赵雷  | 英语  | 01  | 99.0  |
| 钱电  | 英语  | 02  | 80.0  |
| 孙风  | 语文  | 03  | 80.0  |
| 孙风  | 数学  | 03  | 80.0  |
| 孙风  | 英语  | 03  | 80.0  |
| 周梅  | 语文  | 05  | 76.0  |
| 周梅  | 数学  | 05  | 87.0  |
| 郑竹  | 数学  | 07  | 89.0  |
| 郑竹  | 英语  | 07  | 98.0  |
+-------+-------+-----+-------+
11 rows in set

解析:
在上一题的基础上增加score > 70,使用where 或and都可以

32、查询不及格的课程

SELECT cname, a.*
FROM course
    JOIN (
        SELECT score, cid
        FROM sc
        WHERE score < 60
    ) a
    ON course.cid = a.cid;

结果

+-------+-------+-----+
| cname | score | cid |
+-------+-------+-----+
| 语文  | 50.0  | 01  |
| 数学  | 30.0  | 02  |
| 英语  | 20.0  | 03  |
| 语文  | 31.0  | 01  |
| 英语  | 34.0  | 03  |
+-------+-------+-----+
5 rows in set

解析:
先从成绩表中获取到不及格的课程id和成绩,然后再和课程表关联,关联字典为课程id,获取到课程名称

33、查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 60 分以上的学生的学号和姓名

SELECT student.sname,c.* FROM student 
JOIN
(SELECT  b.sid ,b.score,a.cid ,a.cname FROM course as a
JOIN
sc as b
ON a.cid = b.cid WHERE a.cid = "01" AND b.score > 60) as c  ON student.sid = c.sid;

结果:

+-------+-----+-------+-----+-------+
| sname | sid | score | cid | cname |
+-------+-----+-------+-----+-------+
| 赵雷  | 01  | 80.0  | 01  | 语文  |
| 钱电  | 02  | 70.0  | 01  | 语文  |
| 孙风  | 03  | 80.0  | 01  | 语文  |
| 周梅  | 05  | 76.0  | 01  | 语文  |
+-------+-----+-------+-----+-------+
4 rows in set

解析:
先从课程表和成绩表中获取到学生号、成绩、课程号和课程名称,关联字段为课程号,作为临时表,然后再和学生表关联,关联字段为学生号,获取到学生名字

34、求每门课程的学生人数

SELECT course.cname, a.*
FROM course
    JOIN (
        SELECT count(sid), cid
        FROM sc
        GROUP BY cid
    ) a
    ON course.cid = a.cid;

结果:

+-------+------------+-----+
| cname | count(sid) | cid |
+-------+------------+-----+
| 语文  |          6 | 01  |
| 数学  |          6 | 02  |
| 英语  |          6 | 03  |
+-------+------------+-----+
3 rows in set

解析:
先从成绩表中统计出每门课程的人数,再和课程表关联,关联字段为课程号,获取到课程名称

35、成绩没有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

SELECT student.sname, e.*
FROM student
    JOIN (
        SELECT MAX(d.score), c.*, d.sid
        FROM sc d
            JOIN (
                SELECT a.tid, a.tname, b.cid, b.cname
                FROM teacher a
                    JOIN course b ON a.tid = b.tid
                WHERE a.tname = '张三'
            ) c
            ON d.cid = c.cid
    ) e
    ON student.sid = e.sid;

结果:

+-------+--------------+-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+
| sname | MAX(d.score) | tid | tname | cid | cname | sid |
+-------+--------------+-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+
| 赵雷  | 90.0         | 01  | 张三  | 02  | 数学  | 01  |
+-------+--------------+-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+
1 row in set

解析:
教师表和课程表关联,获取到教师编号、教师名称和课程编号和课程名称,关联字段为教师编号
作为临时表再和成绩表关联,关联字段为课程编号
作为临时表再和学生表关联,关联字段为学生号

36、成绩有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

SELECT student.sname, e.*
FROM student
    JOIN (
        SELECT MAX(d.score), c.*, d.sid
            , rank() OVER (ORDER BY MAX(d.score)) AS Ranked
        FROM sc d
            JOIN (
                SELECT a.tid, a.tname, b.cid, b.cname
                FROM teacher a
                    JOIN course b ON a.tid = b.tid
                WHERE a.tname = '张三'
            ) c
            ON d.cid = c.cid
    ) e
    ON student.sid = e.sid
WHERE e.Ranked;

结果:

+-------+--------------+-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+--------+
| sname | MAX(d.score) | tid | tname | cid | cname | sid | Ranked |
+-------+--------------+-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+--------+
| 赵雷  | 90.0         | 01  | 张三  | 02  | 数学  | 01  |      1 |
+-------+--------------+-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+--------+
1 row in set

解析:
用rank函数,然后再嵌套一个select,where rank = 1

37、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

SELECT DISTINCT a.*
FROM sc a
    JOIN sc b
    ON a.score = b.score
        AND a.cid != b.cid;

结果:

+-----+-----+-------+
| sid | cid | score |
+-----+-----+-------+
| 02  | 03  | 80.0  |
| 03  | 02  | 80.0  |
| 03  | 03  | 80.0  |
| 01  | 01  | 80.0  |
| 03  | 01  | 80.0  |
+-----+-----+-------+
5 rows in set

解析:
sc表自连,distinct去重,cid 不同,score相同

38、查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名

-- MySql8.0以上
SELECT * FROM
    (SELECT *,dense_rank()over(PARTITION BY cid ORDER BY score DESC) AS ranked FROM sc ) a
WHERE a.ranked <=2;

-- MySql5.7
SELECT *
FROM sc
WHERE (
    SELECT count(*)
    FROM sc a
    WHERE sc.CId = a.CId
        AND sc.score < a.score
) < 2
ORDER BY CId ASC, sc.score DESC;

结果:

+-----+-----+-------+--------+
| sid | cid | score | ranked |
+-----+-----+-------+--------+
| 01  | 01  | 80.0  |      1 |
| 03  | 01  | 80.0  |      1 |
| 05  | 01  | 76.0  |      2 |
| 01  | 02  | 90.0  |      1 |
| 07  | 02  | 89.0  |      2 |
| 01  | 03  | 99.0  |      1 |
| 07  | 03  | 98.0  |      2 |
+-----+-----+-------+--------+
7 rows in set

解析:
我认为最好的前两名是排名的前2个,即第一个排名1 和第二个排名2,如果有两个并列第一,一个第二,那么前两名应该是3个人,用dense_rank,排名不跳过;如果说是最好的前两个人,就用rank,排名跳过

39、统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)

SELECT  course.cname,a.* FROM course 
JOIN
(SELECT  cid,COUNT(sid) as 选修人数 FROM sc GROUP BY cid HAVING COUNT(sid) >5) as a
ON course.cid = a.cid;

结果:

+-------+-----+----------+
| cname | cid | 选修人数 |
+-------+-----+----------+
| 语文  | 01  |        6 |
| 数学  | 02  |        6 |
| 英语  | 03  |        6 |
+-------+-----+----------+
3 rows in set

解析:
group by,having聚合

40、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

SELECT student.sname, a.*
FROM student
    JOIN (
        SELECT sid, COUNT(cid) AS 选修课程总数
        FROM sc
        GROUP BY sid
        HAVING 选修课程总数 >= 2
    ) a
    ON student.sid = a.sid;

结果:

+-------+-----+--------------+
| sname | sid | 选修课程总数 |
+-------+-----+--------------+
| 赵雷  | 01  |            3 |
| 钱电  | 02  |            3 |
| 孙风  | 03  |            3 |
| 李云  | 04  |            3 |
| 周梅  | 05  |            2 |
| 吴兰  | 06  |            2 |
| 郑竹  | 07  |            2 |
+-------+-----+--------------+
7 rows in set

41、查询选修了全部课程的学生信息

SELECT student.*, c.`选修课程总数`
FROM student
    JOIN (
        SELECT b.sid, COUNT(a.cid) AS 选修课程总数
        FROM course a
            JOIN sc b ON a.cid = b.cid
        GROUP BY b.sid
        HAVING COUNT(a.cid) = (
            SELECT COUNT(cid)
            FROM course
        )
    ) c
    ON student.sid = c.sid;

结果:

+-----+-------+---------------------+------+--------------+
| sid | sname | sage                | ssex | 选修课程总数 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+--------------+
| 01  | 赵雷  | 1990-01-01 00:00:00 ||            3 |
| 02  | 钱电  | 1990-12-21 00:00:00 ||            3 |
| 03  | 孙风  | 1990-05-20 00:00:00 ||            3 |
| 04  | 李云  | 1990-08-06 00:00:00 ||            3 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------+--------------+
4 rows in set

解析:
从课程表中查询出总的课程数,作为后面子查询的条件
从成绩表中查询出选修了全部课程数的的学生号和选修的课程总数
作为临时表和学生表关联,关联字段为学生号,获取到全部的学生信息

42、查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算

SELECT  sname,YEAR(NOW()) - YEAR(sage) as 年龄 FROM student;

结果:

+-------+------+
| sname | 年龄 |
+-------+------+
| 赵雷  |   31 |
| 钱电  |   31 |
| 孙风  |   31 |
| 李云  |   31 |
| 周梅  |   30 |
| 吴兰  |   29 |
| 郑竹  |   32 |
| 王菊  |   31 |
+-------+------+
8 rows in set

解析:
使用year函数

43、按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一

SELECT sname
    , CASE 
        WHEN DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%m-%d') - DATE_FORMAT(sage, '%m-%d') < 0 THEN YEAR(NOW()) - YEAR(sage) - 1
        ELSE YEAR(NOW()) - YEAR(sage)
    END AS age
FROM student;

结果:

+-------+-----+
| sname | age |
+-------+-----+
| 赵雷  |  31 |
| 钱电  |  30 |
| 孙风  |  31 |
| 李云  |  31 |
| 周梅  |  29 |
| 吴兰  |  29 |
| 郑竹  |  32 |
| 王菊  |  31 |
+-------+-----+
8 rows in set

解析:
有两种方法,一种是利用date_format直接截取时间类型中的月日,直接比大小
另外一种是用month()先比大小,相等再用day()比大小

44、查询本周过生日的学生

SELECT sname FROM student  WHERE week(NOW()) = WEEK(sage);

结果:
Empty set

解析:
week() 返回的是今年的第几周,即如果本周过生,返回数字相等

45、查询下周过生日的学生

SELECT sname FROM student  WHERE week(NOW()) + 1 = WEEK(sage);

结果:
Empty set

解析:
加一就行

46、查询本月过生日的学生

SELECT sname FROM student  WHERE month(NOW()) = month(sage);

结果:
Empty set

解析:
使用month函数

47、查询下月过生日的学生

SELECT sname FROM student  WHERE month(NOW()) + 1 = month(sage);

结果:
Empty set

48、查询下周过生日的学生

SELECT st.*
FROM student st
WHERE week(now()) + 1 = week(date_format(st.s_birth,% Y % m % d’))

49、查询本月过生日的学生

SELECT st.*
FROM student st
WHERE month(now()) = month(date_format(st.s_birth,% Y % m % d’))

50、查询下月过生日的学生

SELECT st.*
FROM student st
WHERE month(timestampadd(month, 1, now())) = month(date_format(st.s_birth,% Y % m % d’));

-- 或者

SELECT st.*
FROM student st
WHERE (month(now()) + 1) % 12 = month(date_format(st.s_birth,% Y % m % d’));

注意:当当前月为12时,用month(now())+1为13而不是1,可用timestampadd()函数或mod取模

参考文章

MYSQL窗口函数:https://blog.csdn.net/Annabel_CM/article/details/125840831

MYSQL基础常见常用语句200条:https://blog.csdn.net/c361604199/article/details/79479398

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