大家好,这次我们来聊聊Java线程中ReentrantLock的使用,ReentrantLock和synchronized有相同的作用,都可以保证线程的安全性,但是ReentrantLock的功能更加的强大,费话不多少,下面我们正式开始。
ReentrantLock
我们先来介绍这篇文章的的一个关键类ReentrantLock,先看看是如何使用的:
public class LockTool {
private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void test() {
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " in test");
Thread.sleep(2000);
lock.unlock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " out test");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public class lockmain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LockTool tool = new LockTool();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(tool);
threadA.start();
}
}
public static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadA(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
lockTool.test();
}
}
}
结果为:
Thread-0 in test
Thread-0 out test
Thread-1 in test
Thread-1 out test
Thread-2 in test
Thread-2 out test
Thread-3 in test
Thread-3 out test
Thread-4 in test
Thread-4 out test
我们可以看到线程都是按顺序执行的,它和synchronized的作用一样,但是它更加的强大,下面我们来慢慢了解。
Condition
在前面的的文章中,我们知道synchronized,wait(),notify()和notifyAll()方法结合使用可以实现线程同步以及通信的功能,然而ReentrantLock和Condition一起使用同样可以实现上面所说的功能,下面我们来看看代码:
public class LockTool {
private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
public void test() {
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + System.currentTimeMillis());
condition.await();
lock.unlock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + System.currentTimeMillis());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void test2() {
lock.lock();
condition.signal();
lock.unlock();
}
}
public class lockmain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
LockTool tool = new LockTool();
ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(tool);
threadA.start();
Thread.sleep(3000);
tool.test2();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadA(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
lockTool.test();
}
}
}
结果为:
Thread-0 1566178593185
Thread-0 1566178596190
看结果我们发现线程在调用await方法过后处于阻塞状态,直到我们调用signal方法后,线程才继续执行,这里和wait(),notify()方法很相似。
公平锁和非公平锁
ReentrantLock在使用的时候也可以分为公平锁和非公平锁,公平锁的意思是线程在获取锁顺序是按照线程加锁的顺序,先加锁的线程就会现获取锁。而非公平锁的意思是线程获取锁的顺序是随机的,和线程加锁的顺序并没有关系,这样就有可能造成一些线程一直无法获取锁,这就是非公平锁。下面我们通过代码来看看:
public class LockTool {
//这里的true为公平锁
private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);
public void test() {
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "获取锁");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
public class lockmain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LockTool lockTool = new LockTool();
List list = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
list.add(new ThreadA(lockTool));
}
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
list.get(i).start();
}
}
public static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadA(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行");
lockTool.test();
}
}
}
结果为:
Thread-0运行
Thread-0获取锁
Thread-1运行
Thread-1获取锁
Thread-2运行
Thread-2获取锁
Thread-3运行
Thread-3获取锁
Thread-4运行
Thread-4获取锁
Thread-5运行
Thread-5获取锁
Thread-6运行
Thread-7运行
Thread-6获取锁
Thread-7获取锁
Thread-8运行
Thread-8获取锁
Thread-9运行
Thread-9获取锁
线程的执行顺序是有序。
我们将公平锁修改为非公平锁,在看看代码:
private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(false);
结果为:
Thread-0运行
Thread-2运行
Thread-0获取锁
Thread-3运行
Thread-3获取锁
Thread-1运行
Thread-2获取锁
Thread-4运行
Thread-4获取锁
Thread-1获取锁
......
当设置成非公平锁的时候,就有可能出现随机获取锁的情况。
getHoldCount()
getHoldCount()方法意思是获取当前线程保持此锁锁定的个数,下面我们用代码来演示一下:
public class LockTool {
//这里的true为公平锁
private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void test1() {
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "获取锁1 总共获取锁个数为:" + lock.getHoldCount());
test2();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
private void test2() {
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "获取锁2 总共获取锁个数为:" + lock.getHoldCount());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
public class lockmain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LockTool tool = new LockTool();
ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(tool);
threadA.start();
}
public static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadA(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行");
lockTool.test1();
}
}
}
结果为:
Thread-0运行
Thread-0获取锁1 总共获取锁个数为:1
Thread-0获取锁2 总共获取锁个数为:2
getQueueLength()
getQueueLength()方法是获取正在等在次锁的线程个数,下面看一个例子:
public class LockTool {
public ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void test() {
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "获取锁");
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
public class lockmain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
LockTool tool = new LockTool();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(tool);
threadA.start();
}
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println("等待线程个数为:" + tool.lock.getQueueLength());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadA(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行");
lockTool.test();
}
}
}
结果为:
Thread-0运行
Thread-0获取锁
Thread-1运行
Thread-2运行
Thread-3运行
Thread-4运行
等待线程个数为:4
我们可以看到5个线程,1个获取了锁,等待此锁的就是4个线程。
getWaitQueueLength()
getWaitQueueLength()方法的作用是获取同一个Condition调用了await方法,并且正在阻塞的线程个数,下面我们来看看代码:
public class LockTool {
public ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
public void test() {
try {
lock.lock();
condition.await();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void show() {
lock.lock();
System.out.println("同一个condition等待线程为:" +
lock.getWaitQueueLength(condition));
lock.unlock();
}
}
public class lockmain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
LockTool tool = new LockTool();
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(tool);
threadA.start();
}
Thread.sleep(2000);
tool.show();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadA(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
lockTool.test();
}
}
}
结果为:
同一个condition等待线程为:6
hasQueueThread()/hasQueueThreads()
hasQueueThread()意思是查询当前线程是否在等待此锁,hasQueueThreads()意思是查询是否有线程在等待此锁,下面我们看看代码:
public class LockTool {
public ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void test() {
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "获取锁");
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void show(Thread thread) {
System.out.println(thread.getName() + "是否等待:" + lock.hasQueuedThread(thread));
System.out.println("是否有线程等待:" + lock.hasQueuedThreads());
}
}
public class lockmain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
LockTool tool = new LockTool();
ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(tool);
threadA.setName("A");
ThreadB threadB = new ThreadB(tool);
threadB.setName("B");
threadA.start();
threadB.start();
Thread.sleep(2000);
tool.show(threadB);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadA(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
lockTool.test();
}
}
public static class ThreadB extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadB(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
lockTool.test();
}
}
}
结果为:
A获取锁
B是否等待:true
是否有线程等待:true
hasWaiters()
hasWaiters()方法是获取是否有线程正在等待有相同Condition的线程释放阻塞,下面我们看看代码:
public class LockTool {
public ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
public void test() {
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "获取锁");
condition.await();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "完成");
}
public void show() {
lock.lock();
System.out.println("是否有线程正在等待:" + lock.hasWaiters(condition));
lock.unlock();
}
}
public class lockmain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
LockTool tool = new LockTool();
ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(tool);
threadA.setName("A");
ThreadB threadB = new ThreadB(tool);
threadB.setName("B");
threadA.start();
threadB.start();
Thread.sleep(2000);
tool.show();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadA(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
lockTool.test();
}
}
public static class ThreadB extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadB(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
lockTool.test();
}
}
}
结果为:
A获取锁
B获取锁
是否有线程正在等待:true
isHeldByCurrentThread()
isHeldByCurrentThread()意思是查询当前线程是否保持锁定,下面我们来看看代码:
public class LockTool {
public ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void test() {
try {
System.out.println("是否获取锁:" + lock.isHeldByCurrentThread());
lock.lock();
System.out.println("是否获取锁:" + lock.isHeldByCurrentThread());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "完成");
}
}
public class lockmain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
LockTool tool = new LockTool();
ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(tool);
threadA.setName("A");
threadA.start();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadA(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
lockTool.test();
}
}
}
结果为:
是否获取锁:false
是否获取锁:true
A完成
isLocked()
isLocked()方法是查询此锁是否有线程保持,下面我们来看看代码:
public class LockTool {
public ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void test() {
try {
System.out.println("是否获取锁:" + lock.isLocked());
lock.lock();
System.out.println("是否获取锁:" + lock.isLocked());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "完成");
}
}
public class lockmain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
LockTool tool = new LockTool();
ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(tool);
threadA.setName("A");
threadA.start();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadA(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
lockTool.test();
}
}
}
结果为:
是否获取锁:false
是否获取锁:true
A完成
ReentrantReadWriteLock
在我们使用ReentrantLock的时候,每个锁之间是互斥的,这样的好处就是可以保证线程安全,但是在保证线程安全的同时,也会降低效率。Java给我们提供了ReentrantReadWriteLock类,可以让我们同时读取数据,这样可以提升代码的效率。
读写锁分为共享锁和排它锁,读操作就是共享锁,写操作就是排它锁。读和读之间不会互斥,读和写还有写和写之间是相互排斥的。
下面我看先来看看读和读之间是怎么使用的:
public class LockTool {
public ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
public void test() {
try {
lock.readLock().lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入了锁:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
Thread.sleep(10000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "睡眠完毕");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.readLock().unlock();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "完成");
}
}
public class lockmain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LockTool tool = new LockTool();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(tool);
threadA.start();
}
}
public static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadA(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
lockTool.test();
}
}
}
结果为:
Thread-0进入了锁:1566190832212
Thread-1进入了锁:1566190832212
Thread-2进入了锁:1566190832212
Thread-3进入了锁:1566190832212
Thread-4进入了锁:1566190832213
我们可以看见虽然都加了锁,但是5个线程全部都进入了锁,证明读和读之间是不互斥的。
然后我们看看读和写之间是否互斥:
public class LockTool {
public ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
public void test1() {
try {
lock.readLock().lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "读 进入了锁:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
Thread.sleep(10000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "读 睡眠完毕");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.readLock().unlock();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "完成");
}
public void test2() {
try {
lock.writeLock().lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "写 进入了锁:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "写 睡眠完毕");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.writeLock().unlock();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "完成");
}
}
public class lockmain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LockTool tool = new LockTool();
ThreadB threadB = new ThreadB(tool);
threadB.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(tool);
threadA.start();
}
}
public static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadA(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
lockTool.test1();
}
}
public static class ThreadB extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadB(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
lockTool.test2();
}
}
}
结果为:
Thread-0写 进入了锁:1566191059484
Thread-0写 睡眠完毕
Thread-0完成
Thread-1读 进入了锁:1566191064488
Thread-2读 进入了锁:1566191064488
Thread-3读 进入了锁:1566191064489
Thread-4读 进入了锁:1566191064489
Thread-5读 进入了锁:1566191064489
我们可以看到所有的读线程是在写线程完成过后才开始获取锁的,证明读和写是互斥的。
我们写下来看看写和写是是否也是互斥的,下面我们看看代码:
public class LockTool {
public ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
public void test1() {
try {
lock.writeLock().lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "读 进入了锁:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
Thread.sleep(10000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "读 睡眠完毕");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.writeLock().unlock();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "完成");
}
}
public class lockmain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LockTool tool = new LockTool();
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(tool);
threadA.start();
}
}
public static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private LockTool lockTool;
public ThreadA(LockTool lockTool) {
this.lockTool = lockTool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
lockTool.test1();
}
}
}
结果为:
Thread-0读 进入了锁:1566191219974
Thread-0读 睡眠完毕
Thread-0完成
Thread-1读 进入了锁:1566191229977
Thread-1读 睡眠完毕
Thread-1完成
Thread-2读 进入了锁:1566191239981
Thread-2读 睡眠完毕
Thread-2完成
Thread-3读 进入了锁:1566191249982
Thread-3读 睡眠完毕
Thread-3完成
我们可以看到每个线程都是完毕后,下一个线程才会获取锁并执行代码,这说明写和写之间同样是互斥的。
到这里有关Lock的基本使用就讲完了,上文中如果有错误的地方欢迎大家指出。