Git 命令使用

#[root@localhost go_dev_dir]# git --help
usage: git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
           [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
           [-p | --paginate | -P | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
           [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
           [--super-prefix=<path>] [--config-env=<name>=<envvar>]
           <command> [<args>]
# 这些是在各种情况下使用的常见Git命令:
These are common Git commands used in various situations:

#启动一个工作区域(参见: git help tutorial)
start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)
   clone     Clone a repository into a new directory
   init      Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one
   
# 处理当前更改(另请参阅: git help everyday)
work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)
   add       Add file contents to the index
   mv        Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink
   restore   Restore working tree files
   rm        Remove files from the working tree and from the index

# 检查历史和状态(另请参阅: git help revisions)
examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)
   bisect    Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug
   diff      Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
   grep      Print lines matching a pattern
   log       Show commit logs
   show      Show various types of objects
   status    Show the working tree status

# 成长，标记和调整你们的共同历史
grow, mark and tweak your common history
   branch    List, create, or delete branches
   commit    Record changes to the repository
   merge     Join two or more development histories together
   rebase    Reapply commits on top of another base tip
   reset     Reset current HEAD to the specified state
   switch    Switch branches
   tag       Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG
   
# 协作(参见: git help workflows)
collaborate (see also: git help workflows)
   fetch     Download objects and refs from another repository
   pull      Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
   push      Update remote refs along with associated objects

'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some
concept guides. See 'git help ' or 'git help '
to read about a specific subcommand or concept.
See 'git help git' for an overview of the system.

版本回退

Git必须知道当前版本是哪个版本，在Git中，用HEAD表示当前版本，上一个版本就是HEAD^，上上一个版本就是HEAD^^，当然往上100个版本写100个^比较容易数不过来，所以写成HEAD~100。
Git 撤销commit文件 和 回退push的文件

git reset

重置当前HEAD到指定状态

git reset [<mode>] [<commit>] 
或
git reset [--soft | --mixed [-N] | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]

该格式将当前分支head 重置为，并可能更新索引(将其重置为的树)，根据更新工作目录树。如果省略，默认为--mixed。可以是以下类型之一:
--soft
根本不触及索引文件或工作目录树(但将head重置为，就像所有模式一样)。这将使所有更改过的文件"Changes to be committed"，正如git status所展示。

--mixed
重置索引，但不重置工作树(即，更改的文件被保留，但未标记为提交)，并报告未更新的内容。这是默认操作。
如果指定了-N，则将删除的路径标记为有意添加的路径(see git-add(1))

--hard
重置索引和工作树。自以来对工作树中跟踪文件的任何更改都将被丢弃。
…

回退到上一个版本:

git reset --hard HEAD^

git log

git log命令显示从最近到最远的提交日志
如果嫌输出信息太多，看得眼花缭乱的，可以试试加上--pretty=oneline参数

git log --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit

git reflog

it reflog用来记录你的每一次命令

git restore

git restore --staged …" to unstage

“git restore …” to discard changes in working directory

use “git reset HEAD …” to unstage

git checkout

“git checkout – …” to discard changes in working directory

git checkout – file命令中的--很重要，没有--，就变成了“切换到另一个分支”的命令，我们在后面的分支管理中会再次遇到git checkout命令。

git rm

git tag

git tag [-a | -s | -u ] [-f] [-m | -F ] [-e] [ |