Spring Boot基础面试题


1、什么是Spring Boot?使用Spring Boot有什么好处?

Spring Boot是基于Spring框架的快速开发整合包。

1)编码变得简单
快速搭建项目,无需编写繁琐的配置文件;

2)配置变得简单
遵循"习惯优于配置"原则,使用Spirng Boot只需很少的配置,大部分时候可以使用默认配置;

3)部署变得简单
内嵌Tomcat容器,项目部署可以直接用jar包运行(java -jar);

4)监控变得简单
Spring Boot 提供基于 http、ssh、telnet 对运行时的项目进行监控。

2、SpringBoot中默认配置文件有几种格式,以及有哪些区别?

有.yaml和.properties两种文件格式。

1).yaml是key:value的形式,.properties是key=value的形式,.yaml更加简洁明了,查看更加形象;
2).yaml中加载的属性是有顺序的,properties中的数据是无序的。在一些需要路径匹配的的配置中,顺序就显得尤为重要,此时我们一般采用.yaml。

3、SpringBoot读取配置文件的方式有哪几种?

1)使用注解@Value进行获取

先在application.properties中配置属性

book.author=石红英

然后在controller类,调用属性,通过@Value修饰的变量会和book.author映射起来

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @Value("${book.author}")
    private String name;
 
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("testConfigM1")
    public String testConfigM1(ModelMap modelMap) {     
        return name;
    }
}

2)使用bean封装

先在application.properties配置属性

student.name=你真漂亮 
student.age=25

定义一个bean,@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "student")将配置文件的值映射到类上使用,prefix = "student"表示映射前缀是student

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "student")
public class StudentProperties {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    // 省略get,set方法
}

然后在controller类,注入bean

   @Controller
   public class HelloController {
    @Autowired
    private StudentProperties studentProperties;
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("testConfigM2")
    public String testConfigM2(){
        System.out.println(studentProperties.getName()+"-----"+studentProperties.getAge());
        return  studentProperties.getName();
    }
}

3)使用Environment进行获取

先在application.properties配置属性

name2=白骨精

然后在controller类,注入Environment类

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @Autowired
    private Environment environment;
 
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("testConfigM3")
    public String testConfigM3(){
        return  environment.getProperty("name2");
    }
}

4、SpringBoot如何配置多套不同的拦截配置?

SpringBoot的拦截器实现和SpringMVC一致,通过配置把拦截器注入到Spring容器中去; 但配置方式不一样:

1)新建两个拦截器类

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
@Component
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
 
    private static final Logger LOG= LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyInterceptor.class);
 
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
        LOG.info("执行拦截器的preHandle方法");
        return true;
    }
 
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        LOG.info("执行拦截器的postHandle方法");
    }
 
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
        LOG.info("执行拦截器的afterCompletion方法");
    }
}

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
@Component
public class MyInterceptorTwo implements HandlerInterceptor {
 
    private static final Logger LOG= LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyInterceptor.class);
 
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
        LOG.info("执行拦截器的preHandle方法");
        return true;
    }
 
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        LOG.info("执行拦截器的postHandle方法");
    }
 
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
        LOG.info("执行拦截器的afterCompletion方法");
    }
}

2)拦截器配置类


import com.jd.m.tg.interceptor.MyInterceptor;
import com.jd.m.tg.interceptor.MyInterceptorTwo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
 
@Configuration
@AllArgsConstructor
public class InterceptorConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{
 
    private MyInterceptor myInterceptor;
 
    private MyInterceptorTwo myInterceptorTwo;
 
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(myInterceptorTwo).addPathPatterns("/test/**");
        registry.addInterceptor(myInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/test/**");
    }
}

拦截器的添加顺序就是执行顺序,拦截器执行顺序第一个是myInterceptorTwo,第二个是myInterceptor。

5、如何启动一个SpringBoot项目以及需要添加什么注解?

直接像运行Java程序一样运行启动类就可以了。

启动类就相当于我们Java程序的main方法, 而启动类中会用到一个关键的注解--@SpringBootApplication,@SpringBootApplication标注这个类是属于SpringBoot的启动类,从源代码中可以获悉,这个注解被@Configuration、@EnableAutoConfiguration、@ComponentScan 注解所修饰,换言之 Springboot 提供了统一的注解来替代以上三个注解。

6、SpringBoot是否需要一个独立的web容器来运行?

不需要,Spring Boot有内嵌的Tomcat服务器,不过要注意的是,当你打war包部署在服务器上的Tomcat的时候,要记得去除Spring Boot自带的Tomcat服务器。

未完待续

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