iOS - runtime-04实现自动解归档

通过 runtime 进行归档、解档很节省很多工作,我先贴一段常规的解归档的代码。

/**归档:当一个对象归档(写入)沙盒时用*/
-(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder
{
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.access_token forKey:@"access_token"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.expires_in forKey:@"expires_in"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.uid forKey:@"uid"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.create_Time forKey:@"create_Time"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.name forKey:@"name"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.avatar_hd forKey:@"avatar_hd"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.synopsis forKey:@"synopsis"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.followers_count forKey:@"followers_count"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.friends_count forKey:@"friends_count"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.statuses_count forKey:@"statuses_count"];
    
    
}

/**反归档:当从沙盒读取一个对象时调用*/
-(instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder
{
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        self.access_token = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"access_token"];
        self.expires_in = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"expires_in"];
        self.uid = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"uid"];
        self.create_Time = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"create_Time"];
        self.name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
        self.avatar_hd = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"avatar_hd"];
        self.synopsis = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"synopsis"];
        self.followers_count = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"followers_count"];
        self.friends_count = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"friends_count"];
        self.statuses_count = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"statuses_count"];
    }
    return self;
}

通过这种方式进行解归档很麻烦,如果需要进行归解档的属性变得很多,这种方式就不适用了, 这个时候就需要使用 runtime 来操作。
这是我自己在学习使用 runtime 自动解归档的思路及总结:
1. 遵守 NSSecureCoding 协议
2. 导入 #import
3. 归档操作

  • a) 获取所有实例变量
  • b) 遍历所有实例变量
  • c) 获取实例变量名
  • d) 通过 KVC 获取 value
  • e) 进行编码
  • f) 手动管理内存

4. 解档操作

  • a) 获取所有实例变量
  • b) 遍历所有实例变量
  • c) 获取实例变量名
  • d) 进行解码
  • d) 通过 KVC 设置 value
  • f) 手动管理内存

总结:关键的地方在于获取实例变量名,然后再通过 KVC 进行操作。
我这里用了 NSSecureCoding,没有用 NSCoding,是因为 NSSecureCoding 协议继承自 NSCoding,有着比 NSCoding 更加安全的编码和解码。
而且,在进行解归档的时候,原来的方法 archiveRootObject, unarchiveObjectWithFile 在 iOS 11 几以上是过时的方法,为了更好的适配,就使用了NSSecureCoding,因为是继承关系,所以NSCoding能用的NSSecureCoding也能用。
需要注意的是,在使用 NSSecureCoding 的时候要实现supportsSecureCoding这个方法,返回 YES。还有原来的解码decodeObjectForKey也要换成另一种姿势。用这个- (nullable id)decodeObjectOfClasses:(nullable NSSet *)classes forKey:(NSString *)key
代码实现:

//
//  Apply.h
//  01-RuntimeSendMessage
//
//  Created by Mac on 2019/11/1.
//  Copyright © 2019 Mac. All rights reserved.
//

#import 

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN

@interface Apply : NSObject

@property(nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property(nonatomic, strong) NSNumber *age;
@property(nonatomic, copy) NSString *nick;

@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
//
//  Apply.m
//  01-RuntimeSendMessage
//
//  Created by Mac on 2019/11/1.
//  Copyright © 2019 Mac. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Apply.h"
#import 


@implementation Apply
// 归档的时候,系统会使用编码器把当前对象编码成二进制流
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder {
    unsigned int count = 0;
    // 获取所有实例变量
    Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList([self class], &count);
    // 遍历
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        Ivar ivar = ivars[I];
        const char *name = ivar_getName(ivar);
        NSString *key = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];
        // KVC
        id value = [self valueForKey:key];
        // 编码
        [coder encodeObject:value forKey:key];
    }
    
    // 因为是 C 语言的东西,不会自动释放,所以这里需要手动释放。
    free(ivars);
}

// 解档的时候,系统会把二进制流解码成对象
- (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder {
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        unsigned int count = 0;
        // 获取所有实例变量
        Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList([self class], &count);
        // 遍历
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            Ivar ivar = ivars[I];
            const char *name = ivar_getName(ivar);
            NSString *key = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];
            id value = [coder decodeObjectOfClasses:[NSSet setWithObject:[self class]] forKey:key];
            // KVC
            [self setValue:value forKey:key];
        }
        
        free(ivars);
    }
    return self;
}

+ (BOOL)supportsSecureCoding {
    return YES;
}

@end

在使用的时候:

// 4.自动解归档
    Apply *apply = [Apply new];
    apply.name = @"张三";
    apply.age = @18;
    apply.nick = @"zhangsan";
    
    Apply *apply_2;
    NSString *fileName = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES).firstObject stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"archive.plist"];
    
    if (@available(iOS 11.0, *)) {
        NSData *data_1 = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:apply requiringSecureCoding:YES error:nil];
        [data_1 writeToFile:fileName atomically:YES];
        
        NSData *data_2 = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:fileName];
        apply_2 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchivedObjectOfClass:[Apply class] fromData:data_2 error:nil];
    } else {
        
        [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:apply toFile:fileName];
        
        apply_2 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:fileName];
    }
    
    NSLog(@"name: %@, age: %@, nick: %@", apply_2.name, apply_2.age, apply_2.nick);

看一下打印效果:


通过打印已经知道自动解归档已经实现了!

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