在mac上安装预配置cocoapods遇到的问题及处理办法

背景：

升级系统后不能正常执行pod install操作，提示如下：

/Library/Ruby/Site/2.3.0/rubygems/version.rb:209:in `initialize': Malformed version number string  (ArgumentError)
    from /Library/Ruby/Site/2.3.0/rubygems/version.rb:200:in `new'
    from /Library/Ruby/Site/2.3.0/rubygems/version.rb:200:in `new'
    from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems/cocoapods-1.4.0/lib/cocoapods/command.rb:118:in `git_version'
    from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems/cocoapods-1.4.0/lib/cocoapods/command.rb:128:in `verify_minimum_git_version!'
    from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems/cocoapods-1.4.0/lib/cocoapods/command.rb:49:in `run'
    from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems/cocoapods-1.4.0/bin/pod:55:in `'
    from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `load'
    from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `
'

网上搜索了一下，解决方法是升级ruby和cocoapods，于是开始了后面的骚操作

首先明确几个基本概念

1 什么是HomeBrew

Homebrew，是Mac OS X上的软件包管理工具，我们能够通过终端方便的使用它来安装管理苹果没有自带的Unix相关工具软件,被誉为OS X不可或缺的套件管理器。

1.1 常用命令

# 查找软件包
brew search git

# 安装软件包
brew install git 

# 列举通过Homebrew安装的程序
brew list

# 卸载软件包
brew uninstall git 

# 查看软件包信息
brew info git

# 更新HomeBrew
brew update 

# 列出过时的软件包（已安装但不是最新版本）
brew outdated

# 更新过时的软件包（全部或指定）
brew upgrade 或 brew upgrade wget

# 下面我们通过brew来安装一个小工具:
brew install tree

#安装成功之后,CD 到一个目录,执行
tree -l

2 什么是gem

Gem是一个管理Ruby库和程序的标准包，它通过Ruby Gem（如 http://rubygems.org/ ）源来查找、安装、升级和卸载软件包，非常的便捷。

2.1 常用命令

$ gem --version (查看gem版本)

$ gem update --system(更新gem)

$ gem sources(查看数据源)

$ gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/(删除数据源)

$ gem sources -a https://ruby.taobao.org/(添加数据源)

$ gem search 软件包关键字(搜索软件包)

$ gem install 软件包名称(安装软件包)

$ gem install cocoapods --pre(安装上一个版本软件包)

$ gem uninstall 软件包名称(卸载安装包)

$ gem list (查看本地安装的包)

3 什么是rvm
RVM 是一个命令行工具，可以提供一个便捷的多版本 Ruby 环境的管理和切换。

brew和gem不同，brew用于操作系统层面上软件包的安装，而gem只是管理ruby软件。

---

下面开始实操

确定gem的版本

gem update --system # 这里请翻墙一下
gem -v

使用ruby-china的镜像源来更换 https://gems.ruby-china.com/

gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.com/ --remove https://rubygems.org/
gem sources -l  # 确保只有 gems.ruby-china.com

安装rvm：

curl -sSL [https://get.rvm.io](https://get.rvm.io/) | bash -s stable

执行的时候可能会提示错误：

Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/1.29.8.tar.gz
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.8/1.29.8.tar.gz.asc
gpg: 签名建立于 三  5/ 8 22:14:49 2019 CST
gpg:               使用 RSA 密钥 7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB
gpg: 无法检查签名：No public key
GPG signature verification failed for '/Users/biyao/.rvm/archives/rvm-1.29.8.tgz' - 'https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.8/1.29.8.tar.gz.asc'! Try to install GPG v2 and then fetch the public key:

    gpg --keyserver hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB

or if it fails:

    command curl -sSL https://rvm.io/mpapis.asc | gpg --import -
    command curl -sSL https://rvm.io/pkuczynski.asc | gpg --import -

In case of further problems with validation please refer to https://rvm.io/rvm/security

根据提示，执行

gpg --keyserver hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB

然后：

gpg: key 105BD0E739499BDB: 6 signatures not checked due to missing keys
gpg: /Users/biyao/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg：建立了信任度数据库
gpg: 密钥 105BD0E739499BDB：公钥“Piotr Kuczynski ”已导入
gpg: key 3804BB82D39DC0E3: 105 signatures not checked due to missing keys
gpg: 密钥 3804BB82D39DC0E3：公钥“Michal Papis (RVM signing) ”已导入
gpg: 没有找到任何绝对信任的密钥
gpg: 合计被处理的数量：2
gpg:           已导入：2

再次执行

\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

得到返回结果

Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/1.29.8.tar.gz
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.8/1.29.8.tar.gz.asc
gpg: 签名建立于 三  5/ 8 22:14:49 2019 CST
gpg:               使用 RSA 密钥 7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB
gpg: 完好的签名，来自于“Piotr Kuczynski ” [未知]
gpg: 警告：这把密钥未经受信任的签名认证！
gpg:       没有证据表明这个签名属于它所声称的持有者。
主钥指纹： 7D2B AF1C F37B 13E2 069D  6956 105B D0E7 3949 9BDB
GPG verified '/Users/biyao/.rvm/archives/rvm-1.29.8.tgz'
Installing RVM to /Users/biyao/.rvm/
    Adding rvm PATH line to /Users/biyao/.profile /Users/biyao/.mkshrc /Users/biyao/.bashrc /Users/biyao/.zshrc.
    Adding rvm loading line to /Users/biyao/.profile /Users/biyao/.bash_profile /Users/biyao/.zlogin.
Installation of RVM in /Users/biyao/.rvm/ is almost complete:

  * To start using RVM you need to run `source /Users/biyao/.rvm/scripts/rvm`
    in all your open shell windows, in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows.
Thanks for installing RVM 
Please consider donating to our open collective to help us maintain RVM.

  Donate: https://opencollective.com/rvm/donate

成功之后，根据提示，启动rvm

source /Users/biyao/.rvm/scripts/rvm

查看rvm是否成功启动：

rvm -v
rvm 1.29.8 (latest) by Michal Papis, Piotr Kuczynski, Wayne E. Seguin [https://rvm.io]

下一步是安装ruby：

# 查看已安装ruby
rvm list 

# 列出ruby可安装版本信息
vm list known 

# 卸载一个已安装的ruby版本
rvm remove 2.2.2 

# 安装ruby
rvm install 2.6.3 # 最近版本为2.6.3

期间又提示需要升级homebrew
执行

brew update

成功升级brew后再次执行 rvm install，又掉坑里了：

Error running './configure --prefix=/Users/biyao/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.3 --with-opt-dir=/usr/local/opt/libyaml:/usr/local/opt/libksba:/usr/local/opt/readline:/usr/local/opt/zlib:/usr/local/opt/[email protected] --disable-install-doc --enable-shared',
please read /Users/biyao/.rvm/log/1560483388_ruby-2.6.3/configure.log
There has been an error while running configure. Halting the installation.

这里面有一句
please read /Users/biyao/.rvm/log/1560483388_ruby-2.6.3/configure.log
提示去查看log，去看了一下，里面有这么一句：

configure: error: clang version 3.0 or later is required

又去网上查了一下，发现是新的xcode没有指定命令行工具，借用网上兄弟的一个图：

image

重新设置，然后再次执行安装

ruby-2.6.3 - #removing src/ruby-2.6.3..
Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.
No binary rubies available for: osx/10.14/x86_64/ruby-2.6.3.
Continuing with compilation. Please read 'rvm help mount' to get more information on binary rubies.
Checking requirements for osx.
Certificates bundle '/usr/local/etc/[email protected]/cert.pem' is already up to date.
Requirements installation successful.
Installing Ruby from source to: /Users/biyao/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.3, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)...
ruby-2.6.3 - #downloading ruby-2.6.3, this may take a while depending on your connection...
ruby-2.6.3 - #extracting ruby-2.6.3 to /Users/biyao/.rvm/src/ruby-2.6.3.....
ruby-2.6.3 - #configuring.......................................................................
ruby-2.6.3 - #post-configuration.
ruby-2.6.3 - #compiling.....................................................................
ruby-2.6.3 - #installing...........
ruby-2.6.3 - #making binaries executable..
ruby-2.6.3 - #downloading rubygems-3.0.4
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  862k  100  862k    0     0  17724      0  0:00:49  0:00:49 --:--:-- 72436
No checksum for downloaded archive, recording checksum in user configuration.
ruby-2.6.3 - #extracting rubygems-3.0.4.....
ruby-2.6.3 - #removing old rubygems........
ruby-2.6.3 - #installing rubygems-3.0.4.........................................
ruby-2.6.3 - #gemset created /Users/biyao/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3@global
ruby-2.6.3 - #importing gemset /Users/biyao/.rvm/gemsets/global.gems........................................................-
ruby-2.6.3 - #generating global wrappers.......
ruby-2.6.3 - #gemset created /Users/biyao/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3
ruby-2.6.3 - #importing gemsetfile /Users/biyao/.rvm/gemsets/default.gems evaluated to empty gem list
ruby-2.6.3 - #generating default wrappers.......
ruby-2.6.3 - #adjusting #shebangs for (gem irb erb ri rdoc testrb rake).
Install of ruby-2.6.3 - #complete 
Ruby was built without documentation, to build it run: rvm docs generate-ri

看到 Install of ruby-2.6.3 - #complete 说明成功安装了

接下来是安装cocoapods

gem install cocoapods

至此，坑全部踩完~然后就可以执行pod install 快乐的玩耍了~