九、ElasticSearch之常见查询API

(1)match all

GET /_search
{
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    }
}

(2)match

GET /_search
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "title": "my elasticsearch article"
        }
    }
}

(3)multi match

GET /test_index/test_type/_search
{
    "query": {
        "multi_match": {
            "query": "test",
            "fields": ["test_field", "test_field1"]
        }
    }
}

(4)range query,可以嵌套在query中也可以嵌套在filter中

filter & query
filter,不需要计算相关度分数,不需要按照相关度分数进行排序,同时还有内置的自动cache最常使用filter的数据,性能更好
query,相反,要计算相关度分数,按照分数进行排序,而且无法cache结果

GET /company/employee/_search
{
    "query": {
        "range": {
            "age": {
                "gte": 30
            }
        }
    }
}

(5)term query,查询条件不分词

GET /test_index/test_type/_search 
{
    "query": {
        "term": {
            "test_field": "test hello"
        }
    }
}

(6)terms query

GET /_search
{
    "query": {
        "terms": {
            "tag": ["search", "full_text", "nosql"]
        }
    }
}

(7)bool query 多条件查询

must,must_not,should,filter

每个子查询都会计算一个document针对它的相关度分数,然后bool综合所有分数,合并为一个分数,当然filter是不会计算分数的

GET /website/article/_search
{
    "bool": {
        "must": {
            "match": {
                "title": "how to make millions"
            }
        },
        "must_not": {
            "match": {
                "tag": "spam"
            }
        },
        "should": [{
            "match": {
                "tag": "starred"
            }
        }],
        "filter": {
            "bool": {
                "must": [{
                    "range": {
                        "date": {
                            "gte": "2014-01-01"
                        }
                    }
                }, {
                    "range": {
                        "price": {
                            "lte": 29.99
                        }
                    }
                }],
                "must_not": [{
                    "term": {
                        "category": "ebooks"
                    }
                }]
            }
        }
    }
}

(8)定位不合法的语句_validate/query?explain

一般用在那种特别复杂庞大的搜索下,比如你一下子写了上百行的搜索,这个时候可以先用validate api去验证一下,搜索是否合法

GET /test_index/test_type/_validate/query?explain
{
    "query": {
        "math": {
            "test_field": "test"
        }
    }
}

{
  "valid": false,
  "error": "org.elasticsearch.common.ParsingException: no [query] registered for [math]"
}

(9)定义排序规则

默认情况下,是按照_score降序排序的。当然,也可以是constant_score,查出来的socre都是1

GET /company/employee/_search 
{
    "query": {
        "constant_score": {
            "filter": {
                "range": {
                    "age": {
                        "gte": 30
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    },
    "sort": [{
        "join_date": {
            "order": "asc"
        }
    }]
}

(10)field建立两次索引,解决分词排序问题

如果对一个string field进行排序,结果往往不准确,因为分词后是多个单词,再排序就不是我们想要的结果了

通常解决方案是,将一个string field建立两次索引,一个分词,用来进行搜索;一个不分词,用来进行排序。

fielddata 是否建立正排索引

PUT /website 
{
    "mappings": {
        "article": {
            "properties": {
                "title": {
                    "type": "text",
                    "fields": {
                        "raw": {
                            "type": "keyword"
                        }
                    },
                    "fielddata": true
                },
                "content": {
                    "type": "text"
                },
                "post_date": {
                    "type": "date"
                },
                "author_id": {
                    "type": "long"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
PUT /website/article/1
{
    "title": "first article",
    "content": "this is my second article",
    "post_date": "2017-01-01",
    "author_id": 110
}
GET /website/article/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    },
    "sort": [{
        "title.raw": {
            "order": "desc"
        }
    }]
}

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