Java 颜色工具类(超详细注释)

颜色工具类(超详细注释)

设置属性值自动格式化rgb值和十六进制颜色值。

import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Color {

  private final String[] hex_letters = { "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "A", "B", "C", "D", "E",
      "F" };

  private Integer red; // 红色值(0 ~ 255)
  private Integer green; // 绿色值(0 ~ 255)
  private Integer blue; // 蓝色值(0 ~ 255)
  private Integer alpha;// 透明度(0 ~ 255)

  private String rgb; // RGB值;格式:rgb(red, green, blue)
  private String rgba; // RGBA值;格式:rgb(red, green, blue, alpha)

  private String hexRed; // 十六进制红色值(00 ~ FF)
  private String hexGreen; // 十六进制绿色值(00 ~ FF)
  private String hexBlue; // 十六进制蓝色值(00 ~ FF)
  private String hexAlpha; // 十六进制透明度(00 ~ FF)

  private String hex; // 十六进制颜色值;格式:#hexRedhexGreenhexBlue

  /**
   * 无参构造器 默认黑色不透明
   */
  public Color() {
    this.red = 0x00;
    this.green = 0x00;
    this.blue = 0x00;
    this.alpha = 0xFF;
    this.hexRed = "00";
    this.hexGreen = "00";
    this.hexBlue = "00";
    this.hexAlpha = "FF";
    this.rgb = "rgb(0, 0, 0)";
    this.rgba = "rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0)";
    this.hex = "#FF000000";
  }

  /**
   * 通过RGB三值初始化
   *
   * @param red   红色值(0 ~ 255)
   * @param green 绿色值(0 ~ 255)
   * @param blue  蓝色值(0 ~ 255)
   */
  public Color(Integer red, Integer green, Integer blue) {
    // 调用 [通过RGBA四值初始化]
    this(red, green, blue, 0xFF);
  }

  /**
   * 通过RGBA四值初始化
   *
   * @param red   红色值(0 ~ 255)
   * @param green 绿色值(0 ~ 255)
   * @param blue  蓝色值(0 ~ 255)
   * @param alpha 透明度(0 ~ 255)
   */
  public Color(Integer red, Integer green, Integer blue, Integer alpha) {
    // 设置透明度
    this.setAlpha(alpha);

    // 设置rgb值
    this.setRed(red);
    this.setGreen(green);
    this.setBlue(blue);
  }

  /**
   * 通过颜色字符串初始化
   * 
   * @param colorStr 颜色字符串;格式为:rgb(red,green,blue) 或 rgba(red,green,blue,alpha) 或
   *                 #hexRedhexGreenhexBlue
   */
  public Color(String colorStr) {
    // 字符串转大写、去空格
    colorStr = colorStr.replaceAll("\\s*", "").toUpperCase();

    if (colorStr.startsWith("#")) {
      this.setHex(colorStr);
    } else if (colorStr.startsWith("RGB(") && colorStr.endsWith(")")) {
      this.setAlpha(0xFF);
      this.setRgb(colorStr);
    } else if (colorStr.startsWith("RGBA(") && colorStr.endsWith(")")) {
      this.setRgba(colorStr);
    } else {
      throw new ColorParseException(
          "Color parsing failed, please check color code format. The format is: \"rgb(red,green,blue)\" or \"rgba(red,green,blue,alpha)\" or \"#hexRedhexGreenhexBlue\".");
    }
  }

  /**
   * 获取红色值
   * 
   * @return 红色值(0 ~ 255)
   */
  public Integer getRed() {
    return this.red;
  }

  /**
   * 设置红色值
   * 
   * @param red 红色值(0 ~ 255)
   */
  public void setRed(Integer red) {
    // 检查颜色值
    if (red < 0 || red > 255)
      throw new ColorOutOfRangeException("Red out of range, please set value in 0 ~ 255.");

    // 设置红色值
    this.red = red;
    // 红色值转十六进制红色值,并设置十六进制红色值
    this.hexRed = this.normalToHex(red);

    // 刷新
    this.refresh();
  }

  /**
   * 获取绿色值
   * 
   * @return 绿色值(0 ~ 255)
   */
  public Integer getGreen() {
    return this.green;
  }

  /**
   * 设置绿色值
   * 
   * @param green 绿色值(0 ~ 255)
   */
  public void setGreen(Integer green) {
    // 检查颜色值
    if (green < 0 || green > 255)
      throw new ColorOutOfRangeException("Green out of range, please set value in 0 ~ 255.");

    // 设置绿色值
    this.green = green;
    // 绿色值转十六进制红色值,并设置十六进制绿色值
    this.hexGreen = this.normalToHex(green);

    // 刷新
    this.refresh();
  }

  /**
   * 获取蓝色值
   * 
   * @return 蓝色值(0 ~ 255)
   */
  public Integer getBlue() {
    return this.blue;
  }

  /**
   * 设置蓝色值
   * 
   * @param blue 蓝色值(0 ~ 255)
   */
  public void setBlue(Integer blue) {
    // 检查颜色值
    if (blue < 0 || blue > 255)
      throw new ColorOutOfRangeException("Blue out of range, please set value in 0 ~ 255.");

    // 设置蓝色值
    this.blue = blue;
    // 绿色值转十六进制红色值,并设置十六进制绿色值
    this.hexBlue = this.normalToHex(blue);

    // 刷新
    this.refresh();
  }

  /**
   * 获取十六进制红色值
   * 
   * @return 十六进制红色值(00 ~ FF)
   */
  public String getHexRed() {
    return this.hexRed;
  }

  /**
   * 设置十六进制红色值
   * 
   * @param hexRed 十六进制红色值(00 ~ FF)
   */
  public void setHexRed(String hexRed) {
    // 去空格、转大写
    hexRed = hexRed.replaceAll("\\s*", "").toUpperCase();

    // 检查颜色值
    checkHexColorString(hexRed, "HexRed");

    // 设置十六进制红色值
    this.hexRed = hexRed;
    // 设置红色值
    this.red = hexToNormal(hexRed);

    // 刷新
    this.refresh();
  }

  /**
   * 获取十六进制绿色值
   * 
   * @return 十六进制绿色值(00 ~ FF)
   */
  public String getHexGreen() {
    return this.hexGreen;
  }

  /**
   * 设置十六进制绿色值
   * 
   * @param hexGreen 十六进制绿色值(00 ~ FF)
   */
  public void setHexGreen(String hexGreen) {
    // 去空格、转大写
    hexGreen = hexGreen.replaceAll("\\s*", "").toUpperCase();

    // 检查颜色值
    checkHexColorString(hexGreen, "HexGreen");

    // 设置十六进制绿色值
    this.hexGreen = hexGreen;
    // 设置绿色值
    this.green = hexToNormal(hexGreen);

    // 刷新
    this.refresh();
  }

  /**
   * 获取十六进制蓝色值
   * 
   * @return 十六进制蓝色值(00 ~ FF)
   */
  public String getHexBlue() {
    return this.hexBlue;
  }

  /**
   * 设置十六进制蓝色值
   * 
   * @param hexBlue 十六进制蓝色值(00 ~ FF)
   */
  public void setHexBlue(String hexBlue) {
    // 去空格、转大写
    hexBlue = hexBlue.replaceAll("\\s*", "").toUpperCase();

    // 检查颜色值
    checkHexColorString(hexBlue, "HexBlue");

    // 设置十六进制蓝色值
    this.hexBlue = hexBlue;
    // 设置蓝色值
    this.blue = hexToNormal(hexBlue);

    // 刷新
    this.refresh();
  }

  /**
   * 获取透明度
   * 
   * @return 透明度(0 ~ 255)
   */
  public Integer getAlpha() {
    return this.alpha;
  }

  /**
   * 设置透明度
   * 
   * @param alpha 透明度(0 ~ 255)
   */
  public void setAlpha(Integer alpha) {
    // 检查透明度
    if (alpha < 0 || alpha > 255)
      throw new ColorOutOfRangeException("Alpha out of range, please set value in 0 ~ 255 and keep one decimal place.");

    // 设置透明度
    this.alpha = alpha;
    // 设置十六进制透明度
    this.hexAlpha = normalToHex(alpha);

    // 刷新
    this.refresh();
  }

  /**
   * 获取十六进制透明度
   */
  public String getHexAlpha() {
    return this.hexAlpha;
  }

  /**
   * 设置十六进制透明度
   * 
   * @param hexAlpha 十六进制透明度(00 ~ FF)
   */
  public void setHexAlpha(String hexAlpha) {
    // 去空格、转大写
    hexAlpha = hexAlpha.replaceAll("\\s*", "").toUpperCase();

    // 检查颜色值
    checkHexColorString(hexAlpha, "HexAlpha");

    // 设置十六进制透明度
    this.hexAlpha = hexAlpha;
    // 设置透明度
    this.alpha = hexToNormal(hexAlpha);

    // 刷新
    this.refresh();
  }

  /**
   * 获取RGB值
   * 
   * @return RGB值;格式:rgb(red, green, blue)
   */
  public String getRgb() {
    return this.rgb;
  }

  /**
   * 设置RGB值
   * 
   * @param rgb RGB值;格式:rgb(red, green, blue)
   */
  public void setRgb(String rgb) {
    // 解析rgb字符串
    int[] rgbArray = parseRGB(rgb);

    // 设置颜色值
    this.setRed(rgbArray[0]);
    this.setGreen(rgbArray[1]);
    this.setBlue(rgbArray[2]);
    this.setAlpha(0xFF);

    // 刷新
    this.refresh();
  }

  /**
   * 获取RGBA值
   * 
   * @return RGBA值;格式:rgba(red, green, blue, alpha)
   */
  public String getRgba() {
    return this.rgba;
  }

  /**
   * 设置RGBA值
   * 
   * @param rgba RGBA值;格式:rgba(red, green, blue, alpha)
   */
  public void setRgba(String rgba) {
    // 解析rgb字符串
    int[] rgbaArray = parseRGBA(rgba);

    // 设置颜色值
    this.setRed(rgbaArray[0]);
    this.setGreen(rgbaArray[1]);
    this.setBlue(rgbaArray[2]);
    this.setAlpha(rgbaArray[3]);

    // 刷新
    this.refresh();
  }

  /**
   * 获取十六进制颜色值
   * 
   * @return 十六进制颜色值;格式:#hexRedhexGreenhexBlue
   */
  public String getHex() {
    return this.hex;
  }

  /**
   * 设置HEX值
   * 
   * @param hex 十六进制颜色值;格式:#hexRedhexGreenhexBlue
   */
  public void setHex(String hex) {
    // 解析hex字符串
    String[] hexArray = parseHex(hex);

    // 设置十六进制颜色值
    this.setHexAlpha(hexArray[0]);
    this.setHexRed(hexArray[1]);
    this.setHexGreen(hexArray[2]);
    this.setHexBlue(hexArray[3]);

    // 刷新
    this.refresh();
  }

  /**
   * 解析RGB字符串
   * 
   * @param rgb RGB值;格式:rgb(red, green, blue)
   * @return 颜色值数组;0: red; 1: green; 2: blue;
   */
  private int[] parseRGB(String rgb) {
    // 去空格、转大写
    rgb = rgb.replaceAll("\\s*", "").toUpperCase();

    // 检查是否为“rgb(”开头、“)”结束
    if (rgb.startsWith("RGB(") && rgb.endsWith(")"))
      rgb = rgb.substring(4, rgb.length() - 1);

    // rgb字符串数组 通过“,”分割
    String[] rgbStrArray = rgb.split(",");

    // 判断数组长度是否小于1
    if (rgbStrArray.length < 1)
      throw new ColorParseException(
          "RGB parsing failed, please check RGB format. The format is: \"rgb(red,green,blue)\" or \"red,green,blue\".");

    // String转int
    int red = Integer.parseInt(rgbStrArray[0]);
    int green = Integer.parseInt(rgbStrArray[1]);
    int blue = Integer.parseInt(rgbStrArray[2]);

    // 返回rgb颜色数组
    return new int[] { red, green, blue };
  }

  /**
   * 解析RGBA字符串
   * 
   * @param rgba RGBA值;格式:rgba(red, green, blue, alpha)
   * @return 颜色值数组;0: red; 1: green; 2: blue; 3: alpha;
   */
  private int[] parseRGBA(String rgba) {
    // 去空格、转大写
    rgba = rgba.replaceAll("\\s*", "").toUpperCase();

    // 检查是否为“rgba(”开头、“)”结束
    if (rgba.startsWith("RGBA(") && rgba.endsWith(")"))
      rgba = rgba.substring(5, rgba.length() - 1);

    // rgb字符串数组 通过“,”分割
    String[] rgbaStrArray = rgba.split(",");

    // 判断数组长度是否小于1
    if (rgbaStrArray.length < 1)
      throw new ColorParseException(
          "RGBA parsing failed, please check RGBA format. The format is: \"rgba(red,green,blue,alpha)\" or \"red,green,blue,alpha\".");

    // String转int
    int red = Integer.parseInt(rgbaStrArray[0]);
    int green = Integer.parseInt(rgbaStrArray[1]);
    int blue = Integer.parseInt(rgbaStrArray[2]);
    int alpha = getIntAlpha(Double.parseDouble(rgbaStrArray[3]));

    // 返回rgba颜色数组
    return new int[] { red, green, blue, alpha };
  }

  /**
   * 解析HEX字符串
   * 
   * @param hex 十六进制颜色值
   * @return 颜色值数组;0: hexRed; 1: hexGreen; 2: hexBlue;
   */
  private String[] parseHex(String hex) {
    // 字符串去空格、转大写
    hex = hex.replaceAll("\\s*", "").toUpperCase();

    // 去起始“#”
    if (hex.startsWith("#"))
      hex = hex.substring(1);

    // 声明颜色值
    String hexRed = null;
    String hexGreen = null;
    String hexBlue = null;
    String hexAlpha = null;

    switch (hex.length()) {
      case 3:
        // 指定透明度为不透明
        hexAlpha = "FF";
        // 取出颜色值
        hexRed = hex.substring(0, 1);
        hexGreen = hex.substring(1, 2);
        hexBlue = hex.substring(2);
        // 补全hexColor
        hexRed += hexRed;
        hexGreen += hexGreen;
        hexBlue += hexBlue;
        break;
      case 4:
        // 取出颜色值
        hexAlpha = hex.substring(0, 1);
        hexRed = hex.substring(1, 2);
        hexGreen = hex.substring(2, 3);
        hexBlue = hex.substring(3);
        // 补全hexColor
        hexAlpha += hexAlpha;
        hexRed += hexRed;
        hexGreen += hexGreen;
        hexBlue += hexBlue;
        break;
      case 6:
        // 指定透明度为不透明
        hexAlpha = "FF";
        // 取出颜色值
        hexRed = hex.substring(0, 2);
        hexGreen = hex.substring(2, 4);
        hexBlue = hex.substring(4);
        break;
      case 8:
        // 取出颜色值
        hexAlpha = hex.substring(0, 2);
        hexRed = hex.substring(2, 4);
        hexGreen = hex.substring(4, 6);
        hexBlue = hex.substring(6);
        break;
      default:
        throw new ColorParseException(
            "Hex color parsing failed, please check hex color format. The format is: \"#hexColor\" or \"hexColor\", examples: \"#FFFFFF\" or \"#FFF\" or \"FFFFFF\" or \"FFF\".");
    }

    // 返回hex颜色数组
    return new String[] { hexAlpha, hexRed, hexGreen, hexBlue };
  }

  /**
   * 生成RGB值
   * 
   * @return RGB值;格式:rgb(red, green, blue)
   */
  private synchronized String generateRgb() {
    // 准备结果
    String result = "rgb(";

    // 添加红色值
    result += this.getRed();
    result += ", ";
    // 添加绿色值
    result += this.getGreen();
    result += ", ";
    // 添加蓝色值
    result += this.getBlue();
    result += ")";

    // 返回结果
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * 生成RGBA值
   * 
   * @return RGBA值;格式:rgb(red, green, blue, alpha)
   */
  private synchronized String generateRgba() {
    // 准备结果
    String result = "rgba(";

    // 添加红色值
    result += this.getRed();
    result += ", ";
    // 添加绿色值
    result += this.getGreen();
    result += ", ";
    // 添加蓝色值
    result += this.getBlue();
    result += ", ";
    // 添加透明度
    result += getDoubleAlpha(this.getAlpha());
    result += ")";

    // 返回结果
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * 生成十六进制值
   * 
   * @return 十六进制值;格式:#hexRedhexGreenhexBlue
   */
  private synchronized String generateHex() {
    // 准备结果
    String result = "#";

    // 添加透明度
    result += this.getHexAlpha();
    // 添加红色值
    result += this.getHexRed();
    // 添加绿色值
    result += this.getHexGreen();
    // 添加蓝色值
    result += this.getHexBlue();

    // 返回结果
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * 十进制转十六进制
   * 
   * @param number 十进制数
   * @return 十六进制字符串
   */
  private String normalToHex(Integer number) {
    // 十进制转十六进制
    String hexNumber = Integer.toHexString(number).toUpperCase();

    // 检查十六进制字符串长度
    if (hexNumber.length() == 1) // 一位
      hexNumber = 0 + hexNumber; // 前位+0

    // 返回十六进制字符串
    return hexNumber;
  }

  /**
   * 十六进制转十进制
   * 
   * @param hexStr 十六进制字符串
   * @return 十进制数
   */
  private Integer hexToNormal(String hexStr) {
    // 去空格转大写
    hexStr = hexStr.replaceAll("\\s*", "");

    // 准备结果
    int result = 0;

    // 十六进制字母集合
    Map<String, Integer> hexLettersMap = new HashMap<>();
    // 十六进制字符填充至集合
    for (int i = 0; i < hex_letters.length; i++) {
      hexLettersMap.put(hex_letters[i], i);
    }

    // 将十六进制字符串转为数组
    String[] hexStrArray = new String[hexStr.length()];
    for (int i = 0; i < hexStrArray.length; i++) {
      hexStrArray[i] = hexStr.substring(i, i + 1);
    }

    // 转十进制数
    for (int i = 0; i < hexStrArray.length; i++) {
      result += hexLettersMap.get(hexStrArray[i]) * Math.pow(16, hexStrArray.length - 1 - i);
    }

    // 返回结果
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * 获取整型透明度
   * 
   * @param alpha 透明度(0.0 ~ 1.0)
   * @return 整型透明度
   */
  private Integer getIntAlpha(Double alpha) {
    if (alpha == null)
      return null;
    // 检查透明度是否超出范围
    if (alpha < 0 || alpha > 1)
      throw new ColorOutOfRangeException("Float alpha out of range, please set value in 0.0 ~ 1.0");

    return (int) Math.round(alpha * 255);
  }

  /**
   * 获取浮点型透明度
   * 
   * @param alpha 透明度(0 ~ 255)
   * @return 浮点型透明度
   */
  private Double getDoubleAlpha(Integer alpha) {
    if (alpha == null)
      return null;
    // 检查透明度是否超出范围
    if (alpha < 0 || alpha > 255)
      throw new ColorOutOfRangeException("Float alpha out of range, please set value in 0 ~ 255");

    // 保留一位小数
    DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("#.#");

    return Double.parseDouble(df.format((double) alpha / 255));
  }

  /**
   * 检查十六进制颜色字符串(两位:00~FF)
   * 
   * @param hexStr         十六进制字符串(00~FF)
   * @param errorFieldName 发生错误的字段名
   */
  private void checkHexColorString(String hexStr, String errorFieldName) {
    // 去空格,转大写
    hexStr = hexStr.replaceAll("\\s*", "").toUpperCase();

    // 截取字符
    String firstLetter;
    String secondLetter;

    // 检查格式
    if (hexStr.length() == 1) {
      firstLetter = secondLetter = hexStr;
    } else if (hexStr.length() == 2) {
      firstLetter = hexStr.substring(0, 1);
      secondLetter = hexStr.substring(1);
    } else {
      throw new ColorOutOfRangeException(errorFieldName + " out of range, please set value in 00 ~ FF.");
    }

    // 字符正确标识
    boolean firstRight = false;
    boolean secondRight = false;

    // 检查第一个字符
    for (String letter : hex_letters) {
      if (letter.equals(firstLetter)) {
        firstRight = true;
        break;
      }
    }

    // 检查第二个字符
    for (String letter : hex_letters) {
      if (letter.equals(secondLetter)) {
        secondRight = true;
        break;
      }
    }

    // 判断是否全部正确
    if (!firstRight || !secondRight)
      throw new ColorOutOfRangeException(errorFieldName + " out of range, please set value in 00 ~ FF.");
  }

  /**
   * 刷新
   */
  private void refresh() {
    // 生成并设置rgb值
    this.rgb = this.generateRgb();
    // 生成并设置rgba值
    this.rgba = this.generateRgba();
    // 生成并设置十六进制颜色值
    this.hex = this.generateHex();
  }

/**
   * 对象转字符串
   * 
   * @return 字符串
   */
  public String toString() {
    return "Color: {" +
      "\n\tred: " + this.getRed() +
      ",\n\tgreen: " + this.getGreen() +
      ",\n\tblue: " + this.getBlue() +
      ",\n\talpha: " + this.getAlpha() +
      ",\n\trgb: " + this.getRgb() +
      ",\n\trgba: " + this.getRgba() +
      ",\n\thexAlpha: " + this.getHexAlpha() + 
      ",\n\thexRed: " + this.getHexRed() +
      ",\n\thexGreen: " + this.getHexGreen() +
      ",\n\thexBlue: " + this.getHexBlue() +
      ",\n\thex: " + this.getHex() +
      "\n}";
  }

  /**
   * 颜色超出范围异常
   */
  public static class ColorOutOfRangeException extends RuntimeException {
    public ColorOutOfRangeException(String message) {
      super(message);
    }
  }

  /**
   * 颜色解析异常
   */
  public static class ColorParseException extends RuntimeException {
    public ColorParseException(String message) {
      super(message);
    }
  }
}

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