修改 MySQL 的默认编码为 UTF-8

在Linux上　安装完MySQL数据库后要对数据库进行字符集和校对集的修改（校对集是基于字符集）　可以通过SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%char%';和SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%colla%';来查看字符集和校对集
然后通过修改配置文件　来达到改变默认配置的目的　位于/etc/mysql/my.cnf下有一个配置文件 里面有两个目录路径 分别是 /etc/mysql/conf.d /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/ 这么两个目录 那么我们改变编码可以是在当前这个my.cnf改也可以去/etc/mysql/conf.d/下的mysql.cnf改变

注意　在修改的时候要暂停MySQL的服务

• service mysql status 查看状态
• service mysql start 开启服务
• service mysql stop 暂停服务
• service mysql restart 重启服务

配置文件内容

# 客户端
[client]
default-character-set = utf8

# 服务端
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_general_ci

校对集 依赖 字符集

如果没有修改之前编码集是

mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.20 sec)

校对集为

mysql> show variables like '%colla%';
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name        | Value             |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci   |
| collation_database   | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server     | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

改完之后的 编码集为

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

校对集为

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%colla%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)