常见的APP很多都要切换皮肤的功能,到了晚上,就换成黑色背景,另外用户也可以手动切换皮肤。一直好奇是怎么实现的,后面知道了大概原理后觉得挺有意思的。换肤思路有好几种,这里先看下通过Factory自己创建View的这种。大概流程就是接管系统创建view的过程,然后找出view颜色相关的属性,替换成皮肤包中的属性值,替换完成之后系统会自动重新进行界面的绘制。下面简单介绍下具体的实现原理,首先从View的绘制流程开始,以android28源码为基础。
View绘制原理
首先从Activity的setContentView()开始,一般都是在这里将布局文件设置进去,这个方法的代码如下:
// Activity.java
public void setContentView(View view) {
getWindow().setContentView(view);
initWindowDecorActionBar(); // 初始化ActionBar
}
getWindow()返回一个Window。这个类是抽象类,唯一的实现类是PhoneWindow,所以直接看PhoneWindow的setContentView方法即可。
// PhoneWindow.java
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
// Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
// decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
// before this happens.
if (mContentParent == null) {
installDecor();// 重点1
} else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
mContentParent.removeAllViews();
}
// 一般流程。重点2
mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
mContentParent.requestApplyInsets();
final Callback cb = getCallback();
if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
cb.onContentChanged();// activity可以监听到这个状态变化
}
mContentParentExplicitlySet = true;
}
mContentParent初始化的为空,因此就直接会调用installDecor(),这个方法中会通过generateLayout()创建mContentParent。generateLayout() 也是通过 findViewById 的方式找到 R.id.content 这个Id对应的ViewGroup。接下来看重点2, inflate 这个方法会返回一个view,重点代码如下:
// LayoutInflater.java
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
View result = root;
try {
final String name = parser.getName();
if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
} else {
// Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
// 创建view的地方,重点1
final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);
ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;
if (root != null) {
// Create layout params that match root, if supplied
params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
if (!attachToRoot) {
// Set the layout params for temp if we are not
// attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
temp.setLayoutParams(params);
}
}
// Inflate all children under temp against its context.
// 遍历children,重点2
rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);
// We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
// to root. Do that now.
if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
root.addView(temp, params);
}
// Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the
// top view found in xml.
if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
result = temp;
}
}
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
}
return result;
}
}
我们先看重点方法createViewFromTag()这个方法的返回结果是View,我们跟进去看下源码:
// LayoutInflater.java
View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {
if (name.equals("view")) {
name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");
}
try {
View view;
if (mFactory2 != null) {
view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
} else if (mFactory != null) {
view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
} else {
view = null;
}
if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) {
view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
}
if (view == null) {
final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
mConstructorArgs[0] = context;
try {
if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);
} else {
view = createView(name, null, attrs);
}
} finally {
mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
}
}
return view;
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
这个方法首先会判断mFactory2这个值是否为空,如果不为空,则调用Factory2.onCreateView去创建View。如果mFactory2为空,则判断mFactory是否为空,如果不为空,则调用Factory.onCreateView()创建View。如果创建出来的View为空,则调用onCreateView或者createView创建,最后将View返回。Factory2和Factory是两个接口,代码如下:
// LayoutInflater.java
public interface Factory {
public View onCreateView(String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs);
}
public interface Factory2 extends Factory {
public View onCreateView(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs);
}
mFactory2和mFactory这两个成员变量都是在LayoutInflater的构造函数中赋值,默认情况下都是为空,另外可以通过setFactory2()和setFactory()两个方法分别设置。因为默认情况下都是为空,所以这种情况下是使用onCreateView()或createView()来进行View的创建。
换肤思路
此处就有一种换肤的思路,如果手动设置mFactory2或mFactory,然后自己实现onCreateView,那么就不会走系统的onCreateView()或createView()。也就是说我们可以通过自己设置mFactory2或mFactory,来接管View的创建。自己接管创建过程,就意味着View属性可以自定义。即View颜色相关的属性值可以从apk中获取,也可以从其他文件中获取。我们只是改变View颜色相关等属性,不会去改变View的创建流程,因此自己实现的onCreateView()实际上可以使用系统的onCreateView()或createView(),只是需要接管部分属性的赋值。