Java从控制台读入数据的几种方法

这里记录Java中从控制台读入信息的几种方式,已备后查!

(1)JDK 1.4(JDK 1.5和JDK 1.6也都兼容这种方法)

public class TestConsole1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        String str = readDataFromConsole("Please input string:);

        System.out.println("The information from console: + str);

    }



    /**

     * Use InputStreamReader and System.in to read data from console

     * 

     * @param prompt

     *            

     * @return input string

     */

    private static String readDataFromConsole(String prompt) {

        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        String str = null;

        try {

            System.out.print(prompt);

            str = br.readLine();



        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        return str;

    }

}
 

(2)JDK 1.5(利用Scanner进行读取)

public class TestConsole2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        String str = readDataFromConsole("Please input string:");

        System.out.println("The information from console:" + str);

    }



    /**

     * Use  java.util.Scanner to read data from console

     * 

     * @param prompt

     * 

     * @return input string

     */

    private static String readDataFromConsole(String prompt) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.print(prompt);

        return scanner.nextLine();

    }

}
 
Scanner还可以很方便的扫描文件,读取里面的信息并转换成你要的类型,比如对“2 2.2 3.3 3.33 4.5 done”这样的数据求和,见如下代码:
public class TestConsole4 {



    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("num.txt");

        fw.write("2 2.2 3.3 3.33 4.5 done");

        fw.close();



        System.out.println("Sum is "+scanFileForSum("num.txt"));

    }



    public static double scanFileForSum(String fileName) throws IOException {

        double sum = 0.0;

        FileReader fr = null;

        try {

            fr = new FileReader(fileName);

            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(fr);

            

            while (scanner.hasNext()) {

                if (scanner.hasNextDouble()) {

                    sum = sum + scanner.nextDouble();



                } else {

                    String str = scanner.next();



                    if (str.equals("done")) {

                        break;

                    } else {

                        throw new RuntimeException("File Format is wrong!");

                    }



                }

            }



        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

            throw new RuntimeException("File " + fileName + " not found!");

        } finally {

            if (fr != null)

                fr.close();

        }

        return sum;

    }

}
 

(3)JDK 1.6(利用java.io.Console进行读取)

JDK6中提供了java.io.Console类专用来访问基于字符的控制台设备.
你的程序如果要与Windows下的cmd或者Linux下的Terminal交互,就可以用Console类代劳.(类似System.in和System.out)
但我们不总是能得到可用的Console, 一个JVM是否有可用的Console依赖于底层平台和JVM如何被调用.
如果JVM是在交互式命令行(比如Windows的cmd)中启动的,并且输入输出没有重定向到另外的地方,那么就可以得到一个可用的Console实例。

在使用 IDE 的情况下,是无法获取到Console实例的,原因在于在 IDE 的环境下,重新定向了标准输入和输出流,也是就是将系统控制台上的输入输出重定向到了 IDE 的控制台中

public class TestConsole3 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        String str = readDataFromConsole("Please input string:");

        System.out.println("The information from console:" + str);

    }



    /**

     * Use  java.io.console to read data from console

     * 

     * @param prompt

     * 

     * @return input string

     */

    private static String readDataFromConsole(String prompt) {

        Console console = System.console();

        if (console == null) {

            throw new IllegalStateException("Console is not available!");

        }

        return console.readLine(prompt);

    }

}
 
Console类还有个特色就是,专门对密码(输入无回显)等安全字符,进行了处理。专门提供 readPassword()方法,具体应用见如下代码:
public class TestConsole5 {

    

     public static void main(String[] args) {

            Console console = System.console();

            if (console == null) {

                throw new IllegalStateException("Console is not available!");

            }

            

            while(true){

            String username = console.readLine("Username: ");

            char[] password = console.readPassword("Password: ");



            if (username.equals("Chris") && String.valueOf(password).equals("GoHead")) {

              console.printf("Welcome to Java Application %1$s.\n", username);

             // 使用后应立即将数组清空,以减少其在内存中占用的时间,增强安全性

                password = null;

              System.exit(-1);

            } 

            else {

              console.printf("Invalid username or password.\n");

            }

            }

          }



}
 

参考资料:

(1)Java从控制台中读取数据完全攻略

(2)用java.io.Console来与字符控制台交互

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