- When was the Constitution written?
Answer: 1787
Explanation:Have you ever worked hard to write a long report or essay and then waited anxiously (or with a lot of worry and stress) to find out whether the teacher would like it? The men who wrote the Constitution (or the country’s most important legal document) must have felt the same way. They worked very hard between May and September of 1787. When they finished, they had a long document that they were very proud of (or that they felt very pleased with), but the Constitution hadn’t yet become a law. First, it would have to be ratified (or approved) by the states.
Only nine of the states needed to ratify the Constitution, but getting all 13 states to ratify it would be important for helping the country to feel unified (or as one whole country made up of many parts). At first, it didn’t look like enough states would ratify it. There was bitter (or very strong and negative) disagreement about the Constitution.
One group of people who were called “Federalists” thought that there were many problems with the Articles of Confederation, which was the legal document that the 13 states had been following. The Federalists believed that adopting the Constitution was the only way to fix the problems that the country was having. The Federalists thought that only the Constitution would be able to help the new country keep its independence (or freedom) from Britain.
Another large group of people known as the “Antifederalists” thought that the Constitution would destroy (or ruin) everything good about America. They thought that the Constitution would centralize the government too much (or make the national government too powerful, with little or no power for the states).
The Federalists and Antifederalists argued with each other for a long time, but eventually (or after a long time) the Constitution was ratified. The first five states ratified it very quickly, between December 1787 and January 1788. The other states took much longer, and the state of Rhode Island didn’t ratify the Constitution until May of 1790. But when all 13 states had finally ratified the Constitution, the whole United States was behind (or supported) the new government.
- 宪法是什么时候写的?
答案:1787年
解释:你曾经努力写一个长篇报告或论文,然后焦急地等待(或有很多担心和压力)来找出老师是否会喜欢它吗?撰写宪法(或美国最重要的法律文件)的人肯定也有同样的感受。他们在1787年5月至9月期间非常努力地工作。当他们完成时，他们有一个很长的文件，他们感到非常自豪(或他们感到非常高兴)，但宪法还没有成为法律。首先，它必须得到各州的批准。
只有9个州需要批准宪法，但是让所有13个州都批准宪法对于帮助这个国家感到团结(或者作为一个由许多部分组成的国家)是很重要的。起初，似乎没有足够多的州会批准它。在宪法问题上存在激烈的(或非常强烈的、消极的)分歧。
一群被称为“联邦主义者”的人认为《联邦条例》有很多问题，这是13个州一直遵循的法律文件。联邦党人认为通过宪法是解决国家问题的唯一途径。联邦党人认为只有宪法才能帮助这个新国家从英国手中保持独立(或自由)。
另一大群人被称为“反联邦主义者”，他们认为宪法会毁掉美国的一切美好事物。他们认为宪法将把政府过于集中化(或者使国家政府过于强大，而州政府几乎没有权力)。
联邦主义者和反联邦主义者争论了很长时间，但最终(或经过很长时间)宪法被批准了。在1787年12月到1788年1月之间，前五个州很快就批准了该法案。其他州花了更长的时间，罗德岛州直到1790年5月才批准了宪法。但是当13个州最终都批准了宪法后，整个美国都支持新政府。
—————————————
- The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers.
Answer:
• (James) Madison
• (Alexander) Hamilton
• (John) Jay
• Publius
After the Constitution was written, it still had to be ratified (or approved) by the states. This meant that the people in each state had to vote in favor of (or for) the Constitution. The Federalists were a large group of people who supported the Constitution. The Antifederalists were a large group of people who did not like the Constitution. These two groups tried to influence (or affect) people’s opinions, trying to get them to vote for or against the Constitution.
One of the main ways that these groups tried to influence public opinion (or the way that most people think about something) was by writing essays (or short written documents or articles) and publishing them in newspapers. The Federalists wrote some very well-known essays called the Federalist Papers. These were 85 essays that were published (or printed) with the pseudonym (or the fake name that a writer or a group of writers use) of Publius.
Actually, Publius was a pseudonym for three people: James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. James Madison became the fourth U.S. president and he is often called the father (or creator) of the Constitution. Alexander Hamilton was the United States’ first secretary of the treasury, which is the part of the government that handles the country’s money. And John Jay was the country’s first chief justice, which is the most important judge in the United States. All three men strongly believed that the Constitution would be able to solve (or fix) the country’s problems.
The Federalist Papers are powerful (or strong) essays that describe the Constitution in detail (or with a lot of information). The essays also present (or show) many reasons why people should vote to ratify the Constitution. Today many people still refer to (or look at) the Federalist Papers when they need to interpret the Constitution (or to understand what it means). That is because the people who wrote the Federalist Papers participated in the Constitutional Convention (or the meeting where the Constitution was written), so they had an intimate (or very close) knowledge of why the Constitution was written the way that it was.
- 联邦党人文集支持通过美国宪法。说出其中一位作者的名字。
答：
（詹姆斯）麦迪逊
（亚历山大）汉密尔顿
（约翰）杰伊
帕布利乌斯
说明：
宪法制定后，仍然需要各州的批准。这意味着每个州的人民必须投票赞成(或支持)宪法。联邦党人是支持宪法的一大群人。反联邦主义者是一大群不喜欢宪法的人。这两个团体试图影响(或影响)人们的意见，试图让他们投票支持或反对宪法。
这些团体试图影响公众意见(或大多数人思考某事的方式)的主要方式之一是写论文(或简短的书面文件或文章)并在报纸上发表。联邦党人写了一些非常著名的文章，叫做《联邦党人文集》。这是85篇以Publius的笔名(或一个作家或一群作家使用的假名)发表(或印刷)的文章。
实际上，帕布利乌斯是三个人的笔名:詹姆斯·麦迪逊、亚历山大·汉密尔顿和约翰·杰伊。詹姆斯·麦迪逊成为美国第四任总统，他被称为美国宪法之父。亚历山大·汉密尔顿是美国第一任财政部长，财政部是政府的一部分，负责管理国家的资金。约翰·杰伊是美国第一位首席大法官，他是美国最重要的法官。这三个人都坚信宪法能够解决国家的问题。
《联邦党人文集》(Federalist Papers)是很有影响力的(或强有力的)文章，详细描述了美国宪法(或提供了大量信息)。这些文章还提出了许多人们应该投票赞成宪法的理由。今天，许多人在需要解释宪法(或理解宪法的含义)时，仍然会参考(或查看)《联邦党人文集》。这是因为撰写《联邦党人文集》的人参加了制宪会议(即撰写《宪法》的会议)，所以他们对《宪法》为何以这样的方式撰写有深入(或非常深入)的了解。
———————————————
- What is one thing Benjamin Franklin is famous for?
Answer:
• U.S. diplomat
• Oldest member of the Constitutional Convention
• First Postmaster General of the United States
• Writer of “Poor Richard’s Almanac”
• Started the first free libraries
Explanation:
“Early to bed, early to rise (or get up) makes a man healthy, wealthy (or rich), and wise (or intelligent).” This was just one of the many quotes (or famous phrases) of a man named Benjamin Franklin that are still popular today. Benjamin Franklin, who lived from 1706 to 1790, was one of the most famous Founding Fathers (or the men who were very important in creating the United States).
Benjamin Franklin is famous for many things. He was a U.S. diplomat, which is a person who represents his or her government in another country. Benjamin Franklin was the U.S. diplomat to France. He got the French to send guns and other things to the Americans while they fought for their independence (or freedom) from Britain.
Benjamin Franklin was also the first U.S. postmaster general (or the person who makes sure that the mail gets delivered within the United States). Later in life, Benjamin Franklin participated in the Constitutional Convention (or the meetings to write the country’s most important legal document, the Constitution). At 79 years old, he was the oldest member there.
Benjamin Franklin loved books. He wrote a popular book called Poor Richard’s Almanac. This book was printed every year and had many different kinds of information, including the weather, a calendar, poems, and more. Benjamin Franklin made a lot of money by printing Poor Richard’s Almanac and many other books. At that time, books were very expensive and very few people could buy books. So Benjamin Franklin had the idea to create a free library, or a building that would have many books that people could read without having to buy the books. America’s first library opened in 1731 and soon they became very popular all over the country.
Benjamin Franklin is also very well-known for his inventions (or tools and machines that are created for the first time). For example, he created bifocals (or glasses that has two types of glass in them: one that helps people see things that are close, and one that helps people see things that are far away). He also did many experiments (or scientific tests) on electricity.
- 本杰明·富兰克林最出名的是什么?
答:
•美国外交官
•制宪会议年龄最大的成员
•美国第一任邮政署长
•《穷理查年鉴》的作者
•启动了第一批免费图书馆
解释:
早睡早起使人健康、富有、聪明。这只是一个叫本杰明·富兰克林的人的许多名言(或著名短语)中的一句，至今仍很受欢迎。本杰明·富兰克林生于1706年，卒于1790年，是美国最著名的开国元勋之一。
本杰明·富兰克林因许多事情而出名。他曾是美国外交官，在另一个国家他或她可以代表自己的国家政府。
本杰明·富兰克林是美国驻法国外交官。他让法国人给美国人送去枪支和其他东西，当时美国人正为从英国独立(或自由)而战。
本杰明·富兰克林也是美国第一任邮政局长(或确保邮件在美国境内送达的人)。后来，本杰明·富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin)参加了制宪会议(即撰写美国最重要的法律文件《宪法》的会议)。现年79岁的他是那里最年长的成员。
本杰明·富兰克林热爱书籍。他写了一本很受欢迎的书，叫做《穷理查年鉴》。这本书每年都出版，有很多不同种类的信息，包括天气、日历、诗歌等等。本杰明·富兰克林通过印刷《穷理查年鉴》和许多其他的书赚了很多钱。那时，书很贵，很少有人能买到书。因此，本杰明·富兰克林有了一个想法，他创建了一个免费的图书馆，或者一个建筑，里面有很多书，人们可以不用买书就可以阅读。美国的第一个图书馆于1731年开放，很快就在全国范围内流行起来。
本杰明·富兰克林也因他的发明(或第一次创造的工具和机器)而闻名。例如，他发明了双光眼镜(或者有两种眼镜的眼镜:一种帮助人们看到近的东西，另一种帮助人们看到远处的东西)。他还做了许多关于电的实验(或科学测试)。
————————————————
- Who is the “Father of Our Country”?
Answer:
(George) Washington
Explanation:
There were many great men among the Founding Fathers (or the people who helped to create the United States), but only one of them is called the “Father of our Country.” His name was George Washington, and although he is best known for having been the first president of the United States, he also did many other things to merit (or deserve) the title of “Father of our Country.”
Born in Virginia in 1732, George Washington was always very interested in the military, which are organizations with soldiers that fight for the country’s freedom. He was a very well-respected colonel (or an important leader in the military) and he fought many battles (or smaller fights in a war) during the French and Indian War.
When the new United States declared (or officially stated or told others of) its independence (or freedom) from Britain, George Washington became the commander-in-chief (or top leader of the military) in the Revolutionary War between Britain and America. He helped the United States win the war and secure (or get) its freedom.
When the war ended in 1783, Washington was tired of fighting. He wanted to return to his home in Virginia and work on his plantation (or big farm). However, once he was there, he began to understand that there were many problems with the Articles of Confederation (or the legal document that existed before the Constitution). He decided to help the other Founding Fathers create a new legal document for the country and went to participate in the Constitutional Convention. The other members of the Constitutional Convention unanimously voted (or all voted in agreement) to make him the president of the Convention. The Constitution was written under his leadership in 1787. Just two years later, in 1789, George Washington became the first president of the United States.
George Washington had a major (or very important) influence (or effect) on the United States as the country was developing. That is why he is often called the “Father of our Country.”
- 谁是“我们的国父”?
答:乔治·华盛顿
解释:
开国元勋(或帮助建立美国的人)中有许多伟人，但只有一位被称为“国父”。他的名字叫乔治·华盛顿，虽然他最出名的是美国第一任总统，但他也做了许多其他的事情来配得上“我们国家之父”的称号。
乔治·华盛顿于1732年出生于弗吉尼亚州，他对军队一直很感兴趣，军队是由为国家自由而战的士兵组成的组织。他是一位非常受人尊敬的上校(或者是一位重要的军事领袖)，在法国和印度战争期间，他参加了许多战役(或者是一场较小的战役)。
当新成立的美国宣布(或正式宣布或告知他人)其独立(或自由)脱离英国时，乔治·华盛顿成为英美独立战争的总司令(或最高军事领袖)。他帮助美国赢得了战争并获得了自由。
1783年战争结束时，华盛顿厌倦了战斗。他想回到他在弗吉尼亚的家，在他的种植园(或大农场)工作。然而，当他到了那里之后，他开始明白《邦联条例》(或宪法之前的法律文件)有很多问题。他决定帮助其他开国元勋为国家创建一份新的法律文件，并参加了制宪会议。制宪会议的其他成员一致投票(或全体一致投票)使他成为制宪会议的成员。宪法是在他的领导下于1787年制定的。仅仅两年后，也就是1789年，乔治·华盛顿成为美国第一任总统。
随着美国的发展，乔治·华盛顿对美国产生了重要的影响。这就是为什么他经常被称为“我们国家的父亲”。
————————————————
- Who was the first President?
Answer:(George) Washington
Explanation:
Starting a new job is always difficult because you’re doing many things for the first time. But starting a job that is new and has never existed before is even more difficult because no one has ever done the things that you’re being asked to do. No one can tell you how to do it because no one has that experience. This is similar to what happened to the first president of the United States, George Washington.
George Washington was unanimously elected to be the first U.S. president, meaning that no one voted against him. Once this happened, everything that George Washington did became a precedent (or something that is used as an example for how people should behave in the future). Many of the things that George Washington did have become standard (or unchanging) for all U.S. presidents. For example, he chose to be called “Mr. President,” and all U.S. presidents have been called that ever since.
Throughout his time as president, George Washington travelled to many different states, working hard to make sure that each state felt like an important part of the new country. He listened carefully to the advice (or ideas and suggestions) of other people before he made decisions as president. He was very careful to avoid (or not have) war with France or Britain.
Many people wanted George Washington to be president for three four-year terms (which would be a total of 12 years as president), but he declined (or said no). This set (or created) the precedent that presidents could serve (or work) for only two terms. Only one president was elected to more than two terms, Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Today George Washington’s portrait (which is a painting or drawing of him) is on the United States’ one-dollar bills (or pieces of paper money) and quarters (or pieces of metal worth 25 cents). There is also a tall monument (or something that is built to remember a person or place) to George Washington in Washington, DC.
- 谁是美国第一任总统?
答:乔治·华盛顿
解释:开始一份新工作总是困难的,因为你是第一次做许多事情。但是，开始一份全新的、从未存在过的工作就更加困难了，因为从来没有人做过你被要求做的事情。没有人能告诉你怎么做，因为没有人有那样的经验。这与美国第一任总统乔治·华盛顿的遭遇相似。
乔治·华盛顿被一致选为美国第一任总统，这意味着没有人投票反对他。一旦这件事发生了，乔治·华盛顿所做的一切都成为了先例(或者是人们将来应该如何行事的一个例子)。乔治·华盛顿做过的许多事情已经成为所有美国总统的标准(或不变)。例如，他选择被称为“总统先生”。从那以后，所有的美国总统都被这样称呼。
在乔治·华盛顿担任总统期间，他访问了许多不同的州，努力确保每个州都感觉自己是这个新国家的重要组成部分。他在担任总统之前，仔细听取别人的意见(或想法和建议)。他非常小心地避免(或没有)与法国或英国发生战争。
许多人希望乔治·华盛顿担任三届四年任期的总统(总共12年)，但他拒绝了。这开创了总统只能连任两届的先例。只有一位总统连任两届以上，他就是富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福。
今天，乔治·华盛顿的肖像(这是一幅他的画像)出现在美国的一美元纸币(或几张纸币)和25美分的硬币(或价值25美分的金属)上。华盛顿特区还有一座乔治·华盛顿的高大纪念碑(或用来纪念一个人或地方的东西)。