Nginx笔记

Nginx笔记

1.Nginx依赖

1.gcc依赖

先看看有没有gcc依赖
没安装的话先安装gcc依赖 还有 openssl

yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool  openssl openssl-devel

当然，可能会遇到各种错误
yum比较慢 ，就百度一下切换yum源，改成阿里

2.pcre依赖

下载PCRE包，让Nginx可以Rewrite

wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz

下载完了解压并安装

#解压
tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
#编译安装
 ./configure
 make && make install
 #查看版本
 pcre-config --version

2.下载Nginx

Nginx官网：https://nginx.org/en/download.html
自行选择版本进行下载

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

3.安装Nginx

解压下载好的Nginx

tar zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

编译并安装

#编译配置添加
#--prefix 安装路径
#--with- 模块安装
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35
#编译并安装
make && make install

4.修改Nginx配置文件

其实 在编译安装完毕之后即可去nginx的安装目录下的/sbin中 使用默认配置文件 启动nginx
一个好用的配置文件生成网站 https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tools/nginx?global.app.lang=zhCN
将全部配置文件都放到Nginx.conf主配置文件中include所指向地址即可

user                 www-data;
pid                  /run/nginx.pid;
worker_processes     auto;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

# Load modules
include              /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;

events {
    multi_accept       on;
    worker_connections 65535;
}

http {
    charset                utf-8;
    sendfile               on;
    tcp_nopush             on;
    tcp_nodelay            on;
    server_tokens          off;
    log_not_found          off;
    types_hash_max_size    2048;
    types_hash_bucket_size 64;
    client_max_body_size   16M;

    # MIME
    include                mime.types;
    default_type           application/octet-stream;

    # Logging
    access_log             /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    error_log              /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;

    # SSL
    ssl_session_timeout    1d;
    ssl_session_cache      shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_tickets    off;

    # Diffie-Hellman parameter for DHE ciphersuites
    ssl_dhparam            /etc/nginx/dhparam.pem;

    # Mozilla Intermediate configuration
    ssl_protocols          TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_ciphers            ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;

    # OCSP Stapling
    ssl_stapling           on;
    ssl_stapling_verify    on;
    resolver               1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220 valid=60s;
    resolver_timeout       2s;

    # Load configs
    include                /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    include                /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

server {
    listen                  443 ssl http2;
    listen                  [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name             example.com;
    root                    /var/www/example.com/public;

    # SSL
    ssl_certificate         /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key     /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
    ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/chain.pem;

    # security
    include                 nginxconfig.io/security.conf;

    # index.html fallback
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }

    # index.php fallback
    location ~ ^/api/ {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    # additional config
    include nginxconfig.io/general.conf;
}

# subdomains redirect
server {
    listen                  443 ssl http2;
    listen                  [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name             *.example.com;

    # SSL
    ssl_certificate         /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key     /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
    ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/chain.pem;
    return                  301 https://example.com$request_uri;
}

# HTTP redirect
server {
    listen      80;
    listen      [::]:80;
    server_name .example.com;
    include     nginxconfig.io/letsencrypt.conf;

    location / {
        return 301 https://example.com$request_uri;
    }
}

# favicon.ico
location = /favicon.ico {
    log_not_found off;
    access_log    off;
}

# robots.txt
location = /robots.txt {
    log_not_found off;
    access_log    off;
}

# assets, media
location ~* \.(?:css(\.map)?|js(\.map)?|jpe?g|png|gif|ico|cur|heic|webp|tiff?|mp3|m4a|aac|ogg|midi?|wav|mp4|mov|webm|mpe?g|avi|ogv|flv|wmv)$ {
    expires    7d;
    access_log off;
}

# svg, fonts
location ~* \.(?:svgz?|ttf|ttc|otf|eot|woff2?)$ {
    add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*";
    expires    7d;
    access_log off;
}

# gzip
gzip            on;
gzip_vary       on;
gzip_proxied    any;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_types      text/plain text/css text/xml application/json application/javascript application/rss+xml application/atom+xml image/svg+xml;

# security headers
add_header X-XSS-Protection          "1; mode=block" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options    "nosniff" always;
add_header Referrer-Policy           "no-referrer-when-downgrade" always;
add_header Content-Security-Policy   "default-src 'self' http: https: data: blob: 'unsafe-inline'; frame-ancestors 'self';" always;
add_header Permissions-Policy        "interest-cohort=()" always;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;

# . files
location ~ /\.(?!well-known) {
    deny all;
}

# ACME-challenge
location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
    root /var/www/_letsencrypt;
}

5.安装Nginx模块

下载需要的模块
用 --add-module=路径 安装下载好的模块拼在后面即可，同理编译安装，之后重启nginx

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35

6.运行Nginx

# 启动
nginx -s start

---

Nginx常用指令

# 控制命令
# 启动
nginx -s start
# 停止
nginx -s stop
# 重启
nginx -s reload
# 打开错误日志
nginx -s reopen
# 退出
nginx -s quite

# 显示帮助
nginx -h

# 显示 nginx 版本
nginx -v

# 检测 nginx.conf 配置是否正确
nginx -t

# 检测 nginx.conf 配置是否正确并显示
nginx -T