Executors 类是从 JDK 1.5 开始就新增的线程池创建的静态工厂类,它就是创建线程池的,但是很多的大厂已经不建议使用该类去创建线程池。原因在于,该类创建的很多线程池的内部使用了无界任务队列,在并发量很大的情况下会导致 JVM 抛出 OutOfMemoryError,直接让 JVM 崩溃,影响严重。
1. newFixedThreadPool,创建定长线程池,每当提交一个任务就创建一个线程,直到达到线程池的最大数量,这时线程数量不再变化,当线程发生错误结束时,线程池会补充一个新的线程。
package constxiong.concurrency.a011;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
* 测试创建定长线程池
* @author ConstXiong
*/
public class TestNewFixedThreadPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建工作线程数为 3 的线程池,每当提交一个任务就创建一个线程,直到达到线程池的最大数量,这时线程数量不再变化,当线程发生错误结束时,线程池会补充一个新的线程
ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//提交 6 个任务
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
final int index = i;
fixedThreadPool.execute(() -> {
try {
//休眠 3 秒
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index);
});
}
try {
Thread.sleep(4000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("4秒后...");
//关闭线程池后,已提交的任务仍然会执行完
fixedThreadPool.shutdown();
}
}
打印结果:
pool-1-thread-2 index:1
pool-1-thread-3 index:2
pool-1-thread-1 index:0
4秒后...
pool-1-thread-1 index:4
pool-1-thread-3 index:5
pool-1-thread-2 index:3
2. newCachedThreadPool,创建可缓存的线程池,如果线程池的容量超过了任务数,自动回收空闲线程,任务增加时可以自动添加新线程,线程池的容量不限制。
package constxiong.concurrency.a011;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
* 测试创建可缓存的线程池
* @author ConstXiong
*/
public class TestNewCachedThreadPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建可缓存的线程池,如果线程池的容量超过了任务数,自动回收空闲线程,任务增加时可以自动添加新线程,线程池的容量不限制
ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
final int index = i;
cachedThreadPool.execute(() -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index);
});
}
try {
Thread.sleep(4000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("4秒后...");
cachedThreadPool.shutdown();
}
}
打印结果可以看出,创建的线程数与任务数相等
pool-1-thread-1 index:0
pool-1-thread-3 index:2
pool-1-thread-6 index:5
pool-1-thread-4 index:3
pool-1-thread-5 index:4
pool-1-thread-2 index:1
4秒后...
3. newScheduledThreadPool,创建定长线程池,可执行周期性的任务。
package constxiong.concurrency.a011;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 测试创建定长线程池,可执行周期性的任务
* @author ConstXiong
*/
public class TestNewScheduledThreadPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建定长线程池,可执行周期性的任务
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(3);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
final int index = i;
//scheduleWithFixedDelay 固定的延迟时间执行任务; scheduleAtFixedRate 固定的频率执行任务
scheduledThreadPool.scheduleWithFixedDelay(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index);
}, 0, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
try {
Thread.sleep(4000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("4秒后...");
scheduledThreadPool.shutdown();
}
}
打印结果:
pool-1-thread-1 index:0
pool-1-thread-3 index:2
pool-1-thread-2 index:1
pool-1-thread-1 index:0
pool-1-thread-2 index:1
pool-1-thread-3 index:2
4秒后...
4. newSingleThreadExecutor,创建单线程的线程池,线程异常结束,会创建一个新的线程,能确保任务按提交顺序执行。
package constxiong.concurrency.a011;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
* 测试单线程的线程池
* @author ConstXiong
*/
public class TestNewSingleThreadExecutor {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//单线程的线程池,线程异常结束,会创建一个新的线程,能确保任务按提交顺序执行
ExecutorService singleThreadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
//提交 3 个任务
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
final int index = i;
singleThreadPool.execute(() -> {
//执行第二个任务时,报错,测试线程池会创建新的线程执行任务三
if (index == 1) {
throw new RuntimeException("线程执行出现异常");
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index);
});
}
try {
Thread.sleep(4000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("4秒后...");
singleThreadPool.shutdown();
}
}
打印结果可以看出,即使任务出现了异常,线程池还是会自动补充一个线程继续执行下面的任务
pool-1-thread-1 index:0
Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-1"
java.lang.RuntimeException: 线程执行出现异常
at constxiong.concurrency.a011.TestNewSingleThreadExecutor.lambda$0(TestNewSingleThreadExecutor.java:21)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
4秒后...
pool-1-thread-2 index:2
5. newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor,创建单线程可执行周期性任务的线程池。
package constxiong.concurrency.a011;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 测试单线程可执行周期性任务的线程池
* @author ConstXiong
*/
public class TestNewSingleThreadScheduledExecutor {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建单线程可执行周期性任务的线程池
ScheduledExecutorService singleScheduledThreadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
//提交 3 个固定频率执行的任务
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
final int index = i;
//scheduleWithFixedDelay 固定的延迟时间执行任务; scheduleAtFixedRate 固定的频率执行任务
singleScheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index);
}, 0, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
try {
Thread.sleep(4000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("4秒后...");
singleScheduledThreadPool.shutdown();
}
}
打印机结果可以看出 0-2 任务都被执行了 2 个周期
pool-1-thread-1 index:0
pool-1-thread-1 index:1
pool-1-thread-1 index:2
pool-1-thread-1 index:0
pool-1-thread-1 index:1
pool-1-thread-1 index:2
4秒后...
6. newWorkStealingPool,创建任务可窃取线程池,空闲线程可以窃取其他任务队列的任务,不保证执行顺序,适合任务耗时差异较大。
package constxiong.concurrency.a011;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
* 测试可任务窃取线程池
* @author ConstXiong
*/
public class TestNewWorkStealingPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建 4个工作线程的 任务可窃取线程池,如果不设置并行数,默认取 CPU 总核数
ExecutorService workStealingThreadPool = Executors.newWorkStealingPool(4);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
final int index = i;
workStealingThreadPool.execute(() -> {
try {
//模拟任务执行时间为 任务编号为0 1 2 的执行时间需要 3秒;其余任务200 毫秒,导致任务时间差异较大
if (index <= 2) {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} else {
Thread.sleep(200);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index);
});
}
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);//休眠 10 秒
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("10秒后...");
}
}
打印结果可以看出,线程 ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 把3-9的任务都执行完
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 index:3
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 index:4
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 index:5
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 index:6
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 index:7
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 index:8
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 index:9
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1 index:0
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3 index:2
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2 index:1
10秒后...