1、 如何用一个SQL找出部门下所有员工的平均工资大于某个数(例如20000元)的所有部门?
正确答案:
select depno, avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by depno having avgsal > 20000
2、 两张结构一模一样的表,只是放的不同时间的数据,怎么用一个SQL捞出来后对某个数值字段做做平均值统计?
正确答案:
select AVG(table3.mean) from
(SELECT mean FROM table1
UNION ALL
SELECT mean FROM table2) table3
3、Employee 表包含所有员工,他们的经理也属于员工。每个员工都有一个 Id,此外还有一列对应员工的经理的 Id。
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| Id | Name | Salary | ManagerId |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 3 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 4 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | NULL |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | NULL |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
给定 Employee 表,编写一个 SQL 查询,该查询可以获取收入超过他们经理的员工的姓名。在上面的表格中,Joe 是唯一一个收入超过他的经理的员工。
+----------+
| Employee |
+----------+
| Joe |
+----------+
正确答案:
select e1.name as Employee from Employee e1 left join Employee e2 on e1.ManagerId = e2.Id where e1.Salary > e2.Salary;
4、某网站包含两个表,Customers 表和 Orders 表。编写一个 SQL 查询,找出所有从不订购任何东西的客户。
Customers 表:
+----+-------+
| Id | Name |
+----+-------+
| 1 | Joe |
| 2 | Henry |
| 3 | Sam |
| 4 | Max |
+----+-------+
Orders 表:
+----+------------+
| Id | CustomerId |
+----+------------+
| 1 | 3 |
| 2 | 1 |
+----+------------+
例如给定上述表格,你的查询应返回:
+-----------+
| Customers |
+-----------+
| Henry |
| Max |
+-----------+
正确答案:
select c.Name as Customers from Customers c left join Orders o on c.Id = o.CustomerId where o.CustomerId is null;
5、编写一个 SQL 查询,查找所有至少连续出现三次的数字。
+----+-----+
| Id | Num |
+----+-----+
| 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 |
| 3 | 1 |
| 4 | 2 |
| 5 | 1 |
| 6 | 2 |
| 7 | 2 |
+----+-----+
例如,给定上面的 Logs 表, 1 是唯一连续出现至少三次的数字。
+-----------------+
| ConsecutiveNums |
+-----------------+
| 1 |
+-----------------+
正确答案:
select distinct Num as ConsecutiveNums from Logs a
where
a.Num = (select Num from Logs where a.Id = Id - 1)
and
a.Num = (select Num from Logs where a.Id = Id - 2);
或者
select
distinct l1.Num as ConsecutiveNums
from
Logs l1,
Logs l2,
Logs l3
where
l1.Id = l2.Id-1
and
l2.Id = l3.Id-1
and
l1.Num=l2.Num
and
l2.Num=l3.Num
6、编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。如果两个分数相同,则两个分数排名(Rank)相同。请注意,平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说,名次之间不应该有“间隔”。
+----+-------+
| Id | Score |
+----+-------+
| 1 | 3.50 |
| 2 | 3.65 |
| 3 | 4.00 |
| 4 | 3.85 |
| 5 | 4.00 |
| 6 | 3.65 |
+----+-------+
例如,根据上述给定的 Scores 表,你的查询应该返回(按分数从高到低排列):
+-------+------+
| Score | Rank |
+-------+------+
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 3.85 | 2 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.50 | 4 |
+-------+------+
正确答案:
select s1.Score, (select count(distinct(s2.Score)) from Scores s2 where s2.Score >= s1.Score) as Rank
from Scores s1
order by s1.Score desc
7、编写一个 SQL 查询,获取 Employee 表中第 n 高的薪水(Salary)。
+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 200 |
| 3 | 300 |
+----+--------+
例如上述 Employee 表,n = 2 时,应返回第二高的薪水 200。如果不存在第 n 高的薪水,那么查询应返回 null。
+------------------------+
| getNthHighestSalary(2) |
+------------------------+
| 200 |
+------------------------+
正确答案:
CREATE FUNCTION getNthHighestSalary(N INT) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
set N = N - 1;
RETURN (
# Write your MySQL query statement below.
IFNULL((select distinct(Salary) from Employee order by Salary desc limit N, 1), null)
);
END
8、小美是一所中学的信息科技老师,她有一张 seat 座位表,平时用来储存学生名字和与他们相对应的座位 id。 其中纵列的 id 是连续递增的 小美想改变相邻俩学生的座位。 你能不能帮她写一个 SQL query 来输出小美想要的结果呢?
示例:
+---------+---------+
| id | student |
+---------+---------+
| 1 | Abbot |
| 2 | Doris |
| 3 | Emerson |
| 4 | Green |
| 5 | Jeames |
+---------+---------+
假如数据输入的是上表,则输出结果如下:
+---------+---------+
| id | student |
+---------+---------+
| 1 | Doris |
| 2 | Abbot |
| 3 | Green |
| 4 | Emerson |
| 5 | Jeames |
+---------+---------+
注意:
如果学生人数是奇数,则不需要改变最后一个同学的座位。
正确答案:
SELECT (CASE
WHEN MOD(id,2) = 1 AND id = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM seat) THEN id
WHEN MOD(id,2) = 1 THEN id+1
ElSE id-1
END) AS id, student
FROM seat
ORDER BY id;
9、给定一个 Weather 表,编写一个 SQL 查询,来查找与之前(昨天的)日期相比温度更高的所有日期的 Id。
+---------+------------------+------------------+
| Id(INT) | RecordDate(DATE) | Temperature(INT) |
+---------+------------------+------------------+
| 1 | 2015-01-01 | 10 |
| 2 | 2015-01-02 | 25 |
| 3 | 2015-01-03 | 20 |
| 4 | 2015-01-04 | 30 |
+---------+------------------+------------------+
例如,根据上述给定的 Weather 表格,返回如下 Id:
+----+
| Id |
+----+
| 2 |
| 4 |
+----+
正确答案:
select w1.Id from
Weather w1 left join Weather w2
on DATEDIFF(w1.RecordDate, w2.RecordDate) = 1
where w1.Temperature > w2.Temperature;
10、编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。
Employee 表包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。
+----+----------+
| Id | Name |
+----+----------+
| 1 | IT |
| 2 | Sales |
+----+----------+
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资,Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
+------------+----------+--------+
正确答案:
select d.Name as Department, e.Name as Employee, e.Salary as Salary from Employee e
inner join Department d
on e.DepartmentId = d.Id
where e.Salary >= (select max(Salary) from Employee where DepartmentId = e.DepartmentId);
11、编写一个 SQL 查询,满足条件:无论 person 是否有地址信息,都需要基于上述两表提供 person 的以下信息
表1: Person
+-------------+---------+
| 列名 | 类型 |
+-------------+---------+
| PersonId | int |
| FirstName | varchar |
| LastName | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
PersonId 是上表主键
表2: Address
+-------------+---------+
| 列名 | 类型 |
+-------------+---------+
| AddressId | int |
| PersonId | int |
| City | varchar |
| State | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
AddressId 是上表主键
编写一个 SQL 查询,满足条件:无论 person 是否有地址信息,都需要基于上述两表提供 person 的以下信息:
FirstName, LastName, City, State
正确答案:
select p.FirstName, p.LastName, a.City, a.State from Person p left join Address a on p.PersonId = a.PersonId;
12、给定一个 salary 表,如下所示,有 m = 男性 和 f = 女性 的值。交换所有的 f 和 m 值(例如,将所有 f 值更改为 m,反之亦然)。要求只使用一个更新(Update)语句,并且没有中间的临时表。
注意,您必只能写一个 Update 语句,请不要编写任何 Select 语句。
例如:
| id | name | sex | salary |
|----|------|-----|--------|
| 1 | A | m | 2500 |
| 2 | B | f | 1500 |
| 3 | C | m | 5500 |
| 4 | D | f | 500 |
运行你所编写的更新语句之后,将会得到以下表:
| id | name | sex | salary |
|----|------|-----|--------|
| 1 | A | f | 2500 |
| 2 | B | m | 1500 |
| 3 | C | f | 5500 |
| 4 | D | m | 500 |
正确答案:
update salary set sex = case sex
when 'f' then 'm'
when 'm' then 'f' end
13、编写一个SQL查询,输出表中所有大国家的名称、人口和面积。
这里有张 World 表
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| name | continent | area | population | gdp |
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Afghanistan | Asia | 652230 | 25500100 | 20343000 |
| Albania | Europe | 28748 | 2831741 | 12960000 |
| Algeria | Africa | 2381741 | 37100000 | 188681000 |
| Andorra | Europe | 468 | 78115 | 3712000 |
| Angola | Africa | 1246700 | 20609294 | 100990000 |
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
如果一个国家的面积超过300万平方公里,或者人口超过2500万,那么这个国家就是大国家。
编写一个SQL查询,输出表中所有大国家的名称、人口和面积。
例如,根据上表,我们应该输出:
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| name | population | area |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| Afghanistan | 25500100 | 652230 |
| Algeria | 37100000 | 2381741 |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
正确答案:
select name, population, area from World where area > 3000000 or population > 25000000;
14、编写一个 SQL 查询,来删除 Person 表中所有重复的电子邮箱,重复的邮箱里只保留 Id 最小 的那个。
+----+------------------+
| Id | Email |
+----+------------------+
| 1 | [email protected] |
| 2 | [email protected] |
| 3 | [email protected] |
+----+------------------+
Id 是这个表的主键。
例如,在运行你的查询语句之后,上面的 Person 表应返回以下几行:
+----+------------------+
| Id | Email |
+----+------------------+
| 1 | [email protected] |
| 2 | [email protected] |
+----+------------------+
正确答案:
delete from Person where Id not in(select Id from ( select min(Id) Id,Email from Person group by Email)t)
15、编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资前三高的员工。
Employee 表包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id 。
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
| 5 | Janet | 69000 | 1 |
| 6 | Randy | 85000 | 1 |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。
+----+----------+
| Id | Name |
+----+----------+
| 1 | IT |
| 2 | Sales |
+----+----------+
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资前三高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,查询结果应返回:
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| IT | Randy | 85000 |
| IT | Joe | 70000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
| Sales | Sam | 60000 |
+------------+----------+--------+
正确答案
select d.name as Department, e.name as Employee, e.Salary as Salary from Employee e inner join Department d
on e.DepartmentId = d.Id
WHERE (
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Salary)
FROM Employee AS e1
WHERE e.DepartmentId = e1.DepartmentId
AND e1.Salary >= e.Salary
) <= 3
order by e.DepartmentId asc, e.Salary desc;
16、编写一个 SQL 查询,获取 Employee 表中第二高的薪水(Salary) 。
+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 200 |
| 3 | 300 |
+----+--------+
例如上述 Employee 表,SQL查询应该返回 200 作为第二高的薪水。如果不存在第二高的薪水,那么查询应返回 null。
+---------------------+
| SecondHighestSalary |
+---------------------+
| 200 |
+---------------------+
正确答案:
select IFNULL((select distinct(Salary) from Employee order by Salary desc limit 1, 1), null) as SecondHighestSalary;
17、某城市开了一家新的电影院,吸引了很多人过来看电影。该电影院特别注意用户体验,专门有个 LED显示板做电影推荐,上面公布着影评和相关电影描述。 作为该电影院的信息部主管,您需要编写一个 SQL查询,找出所有影片描述为非 boring (不无聊) 的并且 id 为奇数 的影片,结果请按等级 rating 排列。
例如,下表 cinema:
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
| id | movie | description | rating |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
| 1 | War | great 3D | 8.9 |
| 2 | Science | fiction | 8.5 |
| 3 | irish | boring | 6.2 |
| 4 | Ice song | Fantacy | 8.6 |
| 5 | House card| Interesting| 9.1 |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
对于上面的例子,则正确的输出是为:
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
| id | movie | description | rating |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
| 5 | House card| Interesting| 9.1 |
| 1 | War | great 3D | 8.9 |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
正确答案:
select * from cinema where description != 'boring' and mod(id, 2) = 1 order by rating desc;
18、有一个courses 表 ,有: student (学生) 和 class (课程)。
请列出所有超过或等于5名学生的课。
例如,表:
+---------+------------+
| student | class |
+---------+------------+
| A | Math |
| B | English |
| C | Math |
| D | Biology |
| E | Math |
| F | Computer |
| G | Math |
| H | Math |
| I | Math |
+---------+------------+
应该输出:
+---------+
| class |
+---------+
| Math |
+---------+
Note:
学生在每个课中不应被重复计算。
正确答案:
select class from courses group by class having count(distinct(student)) >= 5;
19、Trips 表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一键 Id,Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外键。Status 是枚举类型,枚举成员为 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
| Id | Client_Id | Driver_Id | City_Id | Status |Request_at|
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
| 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed |2013-10-01|
| 2 | 2 | 11 | 1 | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-01|
| 3 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed |2013-10-01|
| 4 | 4 | 13 | 6 | cancelled_by_client|2013-10-01|
| 5 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 6 | 2 | 11 | 6 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 7 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 8 | 2 | 12 | 12 | completed |2013-10-03|
| 9 | 3 | 10 | 12 | completed |2013-10-03|
| 10 | 4 | 13 | 12 | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-03|
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
Users 表存所有用户。每个用户有唯一键 Users_Id。Banned 表示这个用户是否被禁止,Role 则是一个表示(‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’)的枚举类型。
+----------+--------+--------+
| Users_Id | Banned | Role |
+----------+--------+--------+
| 1 | No | client |
| 2 | Yes | client |
| 3 | No | client |
| 4 | No | client |
| 10 | No | driver |
| 11 | No | driver |
| 12 | No | driver |
| 13 | No | driver |
+----------+--------+--------+
写一段 SQL 语句查出 2013年10月1日 至 2013年10月3日 期间非禁止用户的取消率。基于上表,你的 SQL 语句应返回如下结果,取消率(Cancellation Rate)保留两位小数。
+------------+-------------------+
| Day | Cancellation Rate |
+------------+-------------------+
| 2013-10-01 | 0.33 |
| 2013-10-02 | 0.00 |
| 2013-10-03 | 0.50 |
+------------+-------------------+
正确答案
select
Request_at as 'Day', round(count(case when Status='cancelled_by_driver' or Status='cancelled_by_client' then 1 end)/ count(Id), 2) as 'Cancellation Rate'
from
Trips t
where
t.Client_Id not in (select Users_Id from Users where Banned='Yes')
and
t.Driver_Id not in (select Users_Id from Users where Banned='Yes')
and
Request_at >= '2013-10-01' and Request_at <= '2013-10-03'
group by
Request_at;
20、编写一个 SQL 查询,查找 Person 表中所有重复的电子邮箱。
示例:
+----+---------+
| Id | Email |
+----+---------+
| 1 | [email protected] |
| 2 | [email protected] |
| 3 | [email protected] |
+----+---------+
根据以上输入,你的查询应返回以下结果:
+---------+
| Email |
+---------+
| [email protected] |
+---------+
说明:所有电子邮箱都是小写字母。
正确答案:
select p.Email from Person p group by p.Email having count(p.Email) > 1
21、X 市建了一个新的体育馆,每日人流量信息被记录在这三列信息中:序号 (id)、日期 (date)、 人流量 (people)。
请编写一个查询语句,找出高峰期时段,要求连续三天及以上,并且每天人流量均不少于100。
例如,表 stadium:
+------+------------+-----------+
| id | date | people |
+------+------------+-----------+
| 1 | 2017-01-01 | 10 |
| 2 | 2017-01-02 | 109 |
| 3 | 2017-01-03 | 150 |
| 4 | 2017-01-04 | 99 |
| 5 | 2017-01-05 | 145 |
| 6 | 2017-01-06 | 1455 |
| 7 | 2017-01-07 | 199 |
| 8 | 2017-01-08 | 188 |
+------+------------+-----------+
对于上面的示例数据,输出为:
+------+------------+-----------+
| id | date | people |
+------+------------+-----------+
| 5 | 2017-01-05 | 145 |
| 6 | 2017-01-06 | 1455 |
| 7 | 2017-01-07 | 199 |
| 8 | 2017-01-08 | 188 |
+------+------------+-----------+
Note:
每天只有一行记录,日期随着 id 的增加而增加。
正确答案:
select distinct a.* from stadium a, stadium b, stadium c
where a.people >=100 and b.people >= 100 and c.people >= 100
and (
(a.id = b.id - 1 and b.id = c.id - 1) or
(a.id = b.id - 1 and a.id = c.id + 1) or
(a.id = b.id + 1 and b.id = c.id + 1)
) order by a.id