redis高级功能-redis事务

Redis事务

Redis事务是一组命令的集合,也是Redis的最小执行单位之一。一个事务的所有命令,要么都执行,要么都不执行。Redis能保证事务执行期间不会有其他命令插入。redis事务实现使用乐观锁方式。

相关命令

命令 格式 说明
DISCARD DISCARD 取消事务
EXEC EXEC 执行事务中的命令
MULTI MULTI 标记一个事务的开始
UNWATCH UNWATCH 取消对key的监视
WATCH WATCH key [key ...] 监视一个或多个key

执行MULTI后,在EXEC或DISCARD之前发送的所有命令都会被Redis按顺序缓存起来,并返回QUEUED。执行EXEC后,Redis取出缓存的命令开始执行,并返回每一条命令的返回值。

使用WATCH监控的key如果发生了变化,事务将被打断。在EXEC或DISCARD执行后,WATCH监控自动失效,否则使用UNWATCH取消监控。

注意:

①执行MULTI后不能再执行WATCH,否则返回错误“WATCH inside MULTI is not allowed”;

②如果命令有语法错误Redis会报错,但是运行时出现的错误会被Redis忽略不影响后面的执行,需要自己确保不出现运行时错误;

使用方法

  1. 事务正常执行
192.168.1.100:6379> multi
OK
192.168.1.100:6379> set testkey 1
QUEUED
192.168.1.100:6379> incr testkey
QUEUED
192.168.1.100:6379> get testkey
QUEUED
192.168.1.100:6379> exec
1) OK
2) (integer) 2
3) "2"
  1. WATCH监控的key变化,事务被打断
192.168.1.100:6379> watch testkey
OK
192.168.1.100:6379> multi
OK
192.168.1.100:6379> set testkey 1
QUEUED
# 此时另一个客户端执行 set testkey 2 改变了testkey的值
192.168.1.100:6379> exec
(nil)

jedis使用代码示例

public class TransactionTest {
    private static final String transactionRedisCommitKey = "tansactionCommitKey";
    private static final String transactionRedisRollbackKey = "tansactionRollbackKey";
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        JedisPool pool = new JedisPool(new JedisPoolConfig(), "192.168.222.188",6379);
        //模拟两个客户端
        Jedis jedisA = pool.getResource();
        Jedis jedisB = pool.getResource();
        //事务提交,transactionRedisCommitKey变为2
        jedisA.set(transactionRedisCommitKey,"hello");
        jedisA.watch(transactionRedisCommitKey);
        Transaction transaction =jedisA.multi();
        transaction.set(transactionRedisCommitKey,"1");
        transaction.incr(transactionRedisCommitKey);
        transaction.exec();

        //事务回滚,transactionRedisRollbackKey依然为hello
        jedisB.set(transactionRedisRollbackKey,"hello");
        jedisB.watch(transactionRedisRollbackKey);
        Transaction transactionB =jedisB.multi();
        transactionB.set(transactionRedisRollbackKey,"1");
        transactionB.incr(transactionRedisRollbackKey);
        transactionB.discard();
        jedisB.close();

        //当exec时候如果监视的key从调用watch后发生过变化,则整个事务会失败(乐观锁)
        Jedis jedisC = pool.getResource();
        Jedis jedisD = pool.getResource();
        jedisC.watch("test");
        Transaction transactionC =jedisC.multi();
        transactionC.set("test","transactionC");
        //改变被监控的值,导致事务失败
        jedisD.set("test","transactionD");
        transactionC.exec();

    }
}

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