《英语写作方法论》第二课--“如何造句”

这是侃侃老师第二次写作课的内容，讲述如何造句。英文句子本质上来说，本身是一个“超链接”的结构。何为超链接？就是一个“不断在主干句上加超链接的过程”。

例1.Computers, invented in 1940s, are what modern people can't live without.
架构就是Computers are sth.
点开Computers-->invented in 1940s
点开sth-->what modern people can't live without.
这就是“超链接”的结构原理。

例2.Though the meeting did not arrive at any agreement, it served as a platform for both sides to exchange ideas, hold dialogues and promote friendship.
主干句：sth, it served as a platform.

想写出这样的结构，就必须掌握
-主干句的形式
-“超链接”各种方式

主干句的形式：
1.主+谓+宾： I made a cake./I have quit smoking.
2.主+谓: He slept./He failed.
3.主+系+表: 表示性质状态，I am a teacher. I am happy.

超链接的各种展开形式：
1.定语（修饰名词，可前可后）
2.状语（修饰动词，可前可后）
3.补语（使宾语或主语含义完整）
4.从句（定语的马甲，状语的马甲，名词的马甲）

1.定语（前者，后置）
1）There are many mysterious myths.(形容词）
2）There are many myths waiting to be discovered.(现在分词---主动）
3）This is a famous photo taken in the universe.(过去分词--被动）
4）I have a lot of work to do.(不定式）
5） There are more and more people aware of environmental protection.

2.状语（修饰动词）
1）He lives in London.(介词短语，表地点）
2）He runs fast(副词，表程度）
3）I went back to the classroom to fetch my bag.(不定式，表目的）
4）She behaves as if she were the boss.(从句，表方式）
5）Students came into the classroom, following their teacher.(现在分词，伴随）
6）The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students.(过去分词，伴随）
Note:现在分词可以是修饰成份，动名词一定是主干。

3.补语（使宾语或者主语含义完整）
1）We elected him president(名词）
2）My parents told me to finish the homework.(不定式）
3）We found the place clean and tidy(形容词）
4）We saw a cat running across the road.(分词短语）
5）Computers, as a tool of educating kids, become increasingly popular.(介词短语）

4.从句（定语的马甲，状语的马甲，名词的马甲）
1）定语的马甲（传统语法称：定从，即非限定性定语从句）：a,c比b的语气强
a.I have a girlfriend who has long hair.(定从）
b.I have a girlfriend, who has long hair.(非限定性定从=并列句的马甲，但从句重要性低于并列句）
c.I have a girlfriend, and she has long hair.(并列句）
d.Computers, invented in 1940s, have deeply changed people's lives.(非限定性定从的简化）

2）状语的马甲（状从）
a.She lives where the two cities join.(地点状语）
b.You'd better insure your house in case there is fire.(条件状语从句）
c.While I was waiting for the bus, she passed and let me get in.(时间状语从句）

3）名词的马甲（名词性从句）
a.I am who I am.(表从，I am sth)
b.What pushes them forward is what they believe.(主从+表从，sth is sth)
c.She told me that she planned to quit.(宾从she told me sth )

写句子的基本方法：
1.确定主干句
2.确定加超链接的方式